The Market Inside the Market: Odd-Lot Quotes

Robert P Bartlett, Justin McCrary and Maureen O’Hara

The Review of Financial Studies, 2025, vol. 38, issue 3, 661-711

Abstract: We show current market practices relating to odd-lot quotes create a large “inside” market where better prices routinely exist relative to the National Best Bid or Offer. We show that odd-lot quotes play a price discovery role, and these quotes provide valuable information to traders with access to proprietary data feeds. Using a XGBoost machine learning algorithm that uses odd-lot data to predict future prices, we demonstrate a simple and profitable trading strategy. We argue the SEC’s proposed round-lot redefinition reduces—but does not eliminate—the high incidence of superior odd-lot quotes within the NBBO.

Keywords: G14; G12; G28 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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