지속가능한 소버린 AI 확보전략을 위한 정책연구(Policy Research for Securing Sustainable Sovereign AI)

Joon Mo Ahn, Ji Eun Jung and Zhixian Jin
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Joon Mo Ahn: Korea University
Ji Eun Jung: Korea University
Zhixian Jin: Korea University

No 25-15, Policy Reference from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

Abstract: 미·중 반도체 갈등과 러시아–우크라이나 전쟁을 계기로 글로벌 가치사슬(GVC)의 취약성이 심화되면서, 기술은 더 이상 단순한 산업 자본이 아니라 국가의 무역·외교·안보·정치 전반을 좌우하는 전략 자산으로 부상하였다. 미국은 「CHIPS and Science Act」와 「Inflation Reduction Act」를 통해 연구개발, 공급망, 신산업을 결합한 혁신 기반 경제안보 전략을 추진하고 있으며, 이에 대응해 유럽을 중심으로 기술주권론(Technological sovereignty)이 대두되었다. 기술주권론은 국가가 번영과 경쟁력에 핵심적인 기술을 독자적으로 개발하고 조달해 일방적인 의존을 관리 및 완화하는 능력을 확보하는 것을 목표로 한다는 이론이다. Amid the intensifying U.S.–China semiconductor conflict and the Russia–Ukraine war, the vulnerabilities of global value chains (GVCs) have deepened, elevating technology from a mere industrial asset to a strategic lever shaping national trade, diplomacy, security, and politics. The United States has pursued an innovation-based economic security strategy that integrates R&D, supply chains, and emerging industries through the CHIPS and Science Act and the IRA, while Europe has responded by advancing the concept of technology sovereignty. Technology sovereignty emphasizes a nation’s ability to independently develop and procure critical technologies essential for national prosperity and competitiveness, thereby mitigating unilateral dependencies.

Keywords: Sustainable Sovereign AI; Economic Security; AI (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 188
Date: 2026-02-27
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