Public Transport, Sexual Harassment, and Social Norms:Some Evidence from South Africa∗

Carolyn Chisadza, Matthew Clance (), Nicky Nicholls () and Tendai Zawaira ()
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Matthew Clance: University of Pretoria
Nicky Nicholls: University of Pretoria
Tendai Zawaira: University of Pretoria

No 143, ERSA Working Paper Series from Economic Research Southern Africa

Abstract: Research has highlighted various challenges facing public transport users, particularly women. We conduct a survey of 1000 male and female public transport users in South Africa to better understand the commuting experiences of these users, including vulnerability to sexual harassment and violence. Most of our findings support existing research. Interestingly, we note that both women and men overestimate other commuters’ tolerance for sexual harassment and unwanted sexual advances in the public transport setting. This finding could be leveraged in policies highlighting that most public transport users find such behaviours unacceptable. Existing research on the positive effects on behaviour of correcting erroneous normative beliefs suggests that communicating accurate norms might reduce engagement in behaviour (such as sexual harassment) that deviates from the accepted norms.

Keywords: Gender; Public Transport; Social Norms; Harassment; South Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D91 J16 R41 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-08
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Published in ERSA Working Paper Series, August 2025

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