Democratic Peace and Covert Military Force: An Experimental Test

Allison Carnegie, Joshua D. Kertzer and Keren Yarhi-Milo

Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2023, vol. 67, issue 2-3, 235-265

Abstract: How should we reconcile covert war with normative theories of the democratic peace? Proponents argue that these interventions are consistent with democratic peace theory, as leaders intervene covertly to escape backlash by a public that has internalized liberal norms. Yet we know little about public opinion regarding the covert use of force. Using a survey experiment, we find that respondents are more favorable towards covert interventions against democratic targets than our theories assume, and that even citizens who value transparency the most still wrestle with a trade-off between their normative commitments and the instrumental benefits they perceive covert actions to hold. Our results thus help to explain why American leaders have repeatedly chosen to conduct covert military operations against fellow democracies, and raise important questions about the scope conditions of normative theories of the democratic peace.

Keywords: democratic peace; survey experiment; liberal peace; militarized interstate disputes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:jocore:v:67:y:2023:i:2-3:p:235-265

DOI: 10.1177/00220027221116289

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