Land Reform Versus Repression in Counterinsurgency: Evidence From El Salvador

T. David Mason, Jesse Hamner, Amalia Pulido, Mustafa Kirisci and Frank M. Howell

Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2025, vol. 69, issue 2-3, 242-267

Abstract: Land reform has been employed as a component of counterinsurgency strategies to inoculate peasants against rebel appeals by giving peasants their own land. However, the remedial effects of land reform can be undermined by right wing violence and rebel violence intended to subvert land reform implementation. We used municipio level data on land reform and election results from El Salvador to test propositions on the competing effects of land reform and political violence - right wing and rebel - on the distribution of popular support between the regime versus the rebels versus anti-reform parties in the regime. We find consistent evidence across three elections that “land to the tiller†forms of agrarian reform do increase support for the regime while right wing violence does erode support for reformist parties.

Keywords: civil war; counterinsurgency; land reform; state repression; El Salvador (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:jocore:v:69:y:2025:i:2-3:p:242-267

DOI: 10.1177/00220027241247539

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