Freedom of foreign movement, economic opportunities abroad, and protest in non-democratic regimes

Colin M Barry, K Chad Clay (), Michael E Flynn and Gregory Robinson
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Colin M Barry: Department of Political Science, University of Oklahoma
K Chad Clay: Department of International Affairs, University of Georgia
Michael E Flynn: Department of Political Science, Kansas State University
Gregory Robinson: Department of Political Science, Binghamton University

Journal of Peace Research, 2014, vol. 51, issue 5, 574-588

Abstract: Allowing or restricting foreign movement is a crucial policy choice for leaders. We argue that freedom of foreign movement reduces the level of civil unrest under non-democratic regimes, but only in some circumstances. Our argument relies on the trade-offs inherent in exit and voice as distinct strategies for dealing with a corrupt and oppressive state. By permitting exit and thereby lowering its relative costs, authoritarians can make protest and other modes of expressing dissatisfaction less attractive for potential troublemakers. Liberalizing foreign movement can thus function as a safety valve for releasing domestic pressure. But the degree to which allowing emigration is an effective regime strategy is shaped by the economic opportunities offered by countries receiving immigrants. We find that freedom of foreign movement and the existence of economic opportunities abroad reduce civil unrest in non-democratic states. However, at high levels of unemployment in the developed world, greater freedom of foreign movement actually increases protest.

Keywords: autocracies; freedom of foreign movement; integration; protest (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:joupea:v:51:y:2014:i:5:p:574-588

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