Efficacy of Phototherapy for Newborns with Hyperbilirubinemia

Thomas B. Newman, Eric Vittinghoff and Charles E. McCulloch

Medical Decision Making, 2012, vol. 32, issue 1, 83-92

Abstract: Background . Use of instrumental variables is gaining popularity as a method of controlling for confounding by indication in observational studies of treatments. Objectives . To illustrate how unmeasured instrument-level treatment substitution can distort effect size estimates using as an example an instrumental variable analysis of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. Design . Retrospective cohort study. Setting . Northern California Kaiser Permanente Hospitals. Patients . The authors studied 20,731 newborns ≥2000 g and ≥35 weeks’ gestation born 1995–2004 with a “qualifying†total serum bilirubin (TSB) level within 3 mg/dL of the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) phototherapy threshold who did not have a positive direct antiglobulin test. Measurements . The intervention was inpatient phototherapy within 8 hours of the qualifying TSB. The outcome was a TSB level exceeding the AAP exchange transfusion threshold

Keywords: randomized trial methodology; risk factor evaluation; population-based studies; scale development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:medema:v:32:y:2012:i:1:p:83-92

DOI: 10.1177/0272989X11416512

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