Leverage Points: A Paradigm Shift in Governance

Christoph E. Mandl ()
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Christoph E. Mandl: University of Vienna

Chapter Chapter 7 in Managing Complexity in Social Systems, 2023, pp 79-94 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract What makes management effective? How might a social systemSocial system be successfully guided or controlled? These questions are as old as the concept of management itself. One of the more influential ideas was and still is “management by objectivesManagement by objectives”. However, setting a goal does not bring it into reality by itself. History is full of objectivesObjective by governments, by management that never became manifest. Jay Forrester pioneered the idea that social systems are inherently insensitive to most policyPolicy changes, yet social systemsSocial system have a few sensitive influence pointsInfluence points through which the behavior of the system can be changed. That was a fundamentally new way of looking at governanceGovernance and management—a paradigmParadigm shift. Accessing these so-called leverage points opens up a larger scope for action where a small shift in one thing can produce big changes in everything.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30222-0_7

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