Biophilia in Polish spa towns from spatial planning perspective

Krzysztof Rogatka, Mateusz Kowalski, Tomasz Starczewski and Houshmand Masoumi

European Planning Studies, 2025, vol. 33, issue 7, 1104-1127

Abstract: We have analysed to what degree spatial planning is used as a tool for preserving and developing biophilia in Polish spa towns. In order to achieve the aim of the article, we analysed documents: studies of conditions and directions of spatial development and local spatial development plans. This was supplemented by spatial analyses of the share of green areas in the total area of each town, and the coverage of green areas and spa protection zone A with local spatial development plans. The research has shown that while the structure of studies of conditions and directions of spatial development theoretically provide a good basis for planning policies that take biophilia into account, real actions fail to deliver. The main problem is the inadequate coverage of green areas with local spatial development plans, which poses a real threat that these terrains will be transformed and lose their biophilic potential. Also, not all analysed centres have fulfilled the requirement of obligatory coverage of spa zone A with local spatial development plans. Therefore, we have observed an increase in the number of issued decisions on development conditions, which are one of the main reasons for the disintegration of Polish space.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2025.2488339

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