Dynamic properties of deterministic and stochastic SIIIRS models with multiple viruses and saturation incidences

Xiaoyu Li, Zhiming Li and Shuzhen Ding

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2025, vol. 28, issue 2, 265-291

Abstract: The classical compartment model is often used to study the spread of an epidemic with one virus. However, there are few types of research on epidemic models with multiple viruses. The article aims to propose two new deterministic and stochastic SIIIRS models with multiple viruses and saturation incidences. We obtain asymptotic properties of disease-free and several endemic equilibria for the deterministic model. In the stochastic case, we prove the existence and uniqueness of positive global solutions. The extinction and persistence of diseases are obtained under different threshold conditions. We analyze the existence of stationary distribution through a suitable Lyapunov function. The results indicate that the extinction or persistence of the two viruses is closely related to the intensity of white noise interference. Specifically, considerable white noise is beneficial for the extinction of diseases, while slight one can lead to long-term epidemics of diseases. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate our theoretical results and the effect of essential parameters.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2286213

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