A Sparse Beta Regression Model for Network Analysis

Stefan Stein, Rui Feng and Chenlei Leng

Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2025, vol. 120, issue 550, 1281-1293

Abstract: For statistical analysis of network data, the β -model has emerged as a useful tool, thanks to its flexibility in incorporating nodewise heterogeneity and theoretical tractability. To generalize the β -model, this article proposes the Sparse β -Regression Model (S β RM) that unites two research themes developed recently in modeling homophily and sparsity. In particular, we employ differential heterogeneity that assigns weights only to important nodes and propose penalized likelihood with an l1 penalty for parameter estimation. While our estimation method is closely related to the LASSO method for logistic regression, we develop a new theory emphasizing the use of our model for dealing with a parameter regime that can handle sparse networks usually seen in practice. More interestingly, the resulting inference on the homophily parameter demands no debiasing normally employed in LASSO type estimation. We provide extensive simulation and data analysis to illustrate the use of the model. As a special case of our model, we extend the Erdős-Rényi model by including covariates and develop the associated statistical inference for sparse networks, which may be of independent interest. Supplementary materials for this article are available online, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2024.2411073

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