Ocean Justice Through Fair and Equitable Allocations and Distributive Impacts with Responsibility-Sensitive Egalitarianism

Dale Squires

Marine Resource Economics, 2026, vol. 41, issue 1, 21 - 48

Abstract: Ocean organizations face how to implement justice through fair, equitable, efficient, legal, and legitimate nonmarket allocations of rights, benefits, costs, or distributive impacts. Such allocations and distributional impacts may also face justifiably compensating for unfair inequality of opportunity while preserving fair inequality through natural rewards. Principles of fair division and theories of justice operationalize distribution rules to deliver pluralist procedural and distributive justice for nonmarket allocations. Distribution rules can incorporate responsibility-sensitive egalitarianism, entitlement, desert, need, poverty alleviation, and multiple principles of equity and fairness. This framework creates a focal point(s) to coordinate different parties’ expectations and a balanced negotiated settlement of their conflicting rights, claims, viewpoints, norms, and interests. Social distribution weights, as a feasible redistribution mechanism, implement fair and equitable Pigou-Dalton transfers for equality of outcome or to compensate for inequality of opportunity. Resources as an alternative to welfarism and utilitarianism are provided.

Date: 2026
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