Criminal correlates of extra-legal taxation: Evidence from Brazil

Jessie Trudeau and David Becerra-Medina

No wp-2026-89, WIDER Working Paper Series from World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER)

Abstract: Extra-legal taxation is one of many possible tools that organized criminal groups can use to exercise control over territory and populations. Yet the use of extra-legal taxation varies greatly: it is a daily occurrence in some criminally governed communities, and a rarity in others. Where are we more likely to observe extra-legal taxation? This study explores the correlates of extra-legal taxation within the oft-criminally governed favelas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Keywords: Crime; Governance; Taxation; Service delivery; Brazil (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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