Gender Differences in Beliefs on the Returns to Effort: Evidence from the World Values Survey

Raymond Fisman and Maura O’Neill

Journal of Human Resources, 2009, vol. 44, issue 4

Abstract: We study gender differences in attitudes in the role of luck versus hard work in achieving success using data from the World Values Survey. Women are consistently more likely to report that success is a matter of luck. We consider several potential explanations: workplace discrimination, religion, household responsibilities, and political alignment. Our results favor explanations based on workplace discrimination and household responsibilities.

Date: 2009
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