Synergies of storing hydrogen at the crest of CO2${\rm CO}_{2}$ or other gas storage

Sabrine Ben Rhouma, Salaheddine Chabab and Daniel Broseta

Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, 2024, vol. 14, issue 4, 587-606

Abstract: There are mutual benefits in storing H2${\rm H}_2$ in sedimentary reservoirs jointly with another gas serving as a cushion gas, such as the CO2${\rm CO}_2$ of a carbon capture and storage (CCS) operation or the natural gas of seasonal storage or left in a depleted hydrocarbon reservoir. When H2${\rm H}_2$ occupies the crest of the reservoir, the presence of either gas is beneficial to the other. H2${\rm H}_2$ reinforces the sealing efficiency of the caprock due to its very favorable interfacial properties with respect to brine and rock‐forming minerals. H2${\rm H}_2$ storage safety and capacity are also increased with cushion gases such as CO2${\rm CO}_2$, which alleviate the buoyancy pressure at the top of the gas column. The potential drawback of this storage scheme is gas/gas mixing, which can, however, be strongly reduced if, by an appropriate choice of well completion and placement, H2${\rm H}_2$ is positioned in the upper zones of the reservoir, and its injection rate is kept below a critical value corresponding to the incipient fingering instability of the H2/cushion${\rm H}_2{/{\rm cushion}}$ gas mixing zone. This value, which depends on reservoir permeability, the dip angle of the mixing front, and how density varies with viscosity in the mixing front, turns out to be well above practical injection rates. Therefore, dispersive mixing is the only cause of front spreading, which is acceptable for not‐too‐heterogeneous reservoirs. The mutual benefits identified in this study are the strongest when the cushion is made up of dense CO2${\rm CO}_2$, which suggests that the crest of offshore CO2${\rm CO}_2$ storage reservoirs is a good candidate for H2${\rm H}_2$ storage. © 2024 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Date: 2024
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