Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative Training on Entrepreneurial Success

Francisco Campos, Michael Frese, Leonardo Iacovone, Hillary C. Johnson, David McKenzie and Mona Mensmann

American Economic Review: Insights, 2025, vol. 7, issue 4, 463-79

Abstract: A randomized experiment in Togo found that personal initiative training for small businesses resulted in large and significant impacts for both men and women after two years. We revisit these entrepreneurs after seven years and find long-lasting average impacts of personal initiative training of $91-higher profits per month, which is larger than the two-year impacts. However, these long-term impacts are very different for men and women: The impact for men grows over time as they accumulate more capital and increase self-efficacy, whereas the impact for women is flat or declines, and capital buildup is much more limited.

JEL-codes: J16 J24 L25 L26 M53 O12 O14 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/aeri.20240581 (application/pdf)
https://doi.org/10.60572/6hva-fr94 (text/html)
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/materials/24233 (application/pdf)
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/materials/24234 (application/zip)
Access to full text is restricted to AEA members and institutional subscribers.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:aea:aerins:v:7:y:2025:i:4:p:463-79

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.aeaweb.org/journals/subscriptions

DOI: 10.1257/aeri.20240581

Access Statistics for this article

American Economic Review: Insights is currently edited by Amy Finkelstein

More articles in American Economic Review: Insights from American Economic Association Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Michael P. Albert ().