Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative Training on Entrepreneurial Success

Francisco Campos, Michael Frese, Leonardo Iacovone, Hillary C. Johnson, David McKenzie and Mona Mensmann

No 10938, Policy Research Working Paper Series from The World Bank

Abstract: A randomized experiment in Togo found that personal initiative training for small businesses resulted in large and significant impacts for both men and women after two years (Campos et al, 2017). This paper revisits these entrepreneurs after seven years, and finds long-lasting average impacts of personal initiative training of $91 higher profits per month, which is larger than the 2-year impacts. However, these long-term impacts are very different for men and women: the impact for men grows over time as they accumulate more capital and increase self-efficacy, whereas the impact for women dissipates, and capital build-up is much more limited.

Date: 2024-10-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ent, nep-exp and nep-sbm
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Working Paper: Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative Training on Entrepreneurial Success (2025)
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