Economic Bulletin

1999 - 2022

From Banco de España
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2022, issue 1/2021

The EU-MERCOSUR trade agreement and its impact on CO2 emissions pp. 11 pages

Rodolfo Campos, Marta Suárez-Varela and Jacopo Timini

2021, issue 4/2021

The role of cryptoassets as legal tender: the example of El Salvador pp. 10 pages

Sergio Gorjón

Bigtechs and financial services: some challenges, benefits and regulatory responses pp. 12 pages

Sergio Gorjón

Corporate bond issuance during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison with the global financial crisis pp. 14 pages

Roberto Pascual González

Inflation in the United States: recent developments and outlook pp. 15 pages

Fructuoso Borrallo, Alejandro Buesa and Susana Parraga Rodriguez

Measure to support credit and the financial sector in banking systems considered material for Spain pp. 15 pages

Alejandro Buesa, Elena Vidal, José Luis Puente and Alberto Flores

October 2021 Bank Lending Survey in Spain pp. 16 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

Turkey: macro-Financial situation pp. 16 pages

Paula Sánchez Pastor

Results of non-financial corporations to 2021 Q2 pp. 18 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

Economic and financial performance of Spanish firms in 2020 and 2021 according to the Central Balance Sheet Data Office pp. 20 pages

Álvaro Menéndez and Maristela Mulino

European Semester 2021 and Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan pp. 21 pages

Daniel Alonso and María de los Llanos Matea

Report on the Latin American Economy. Second half of 2021. Outlook, vulnerabilities and policy space pp. 56 pages

Departamento de Economía Internacional y Área del Euro Departamento de Economía Internacional y Área del Euro

An empirical analysis of the determinants that can boost next generation EU´s effectiveness pp. 9 pages

Silvia Albrizio and José Federico Geli

2021, issue 3/2021

The impact of the efficacy of justice on business investment in Spain pp. 10 pages

Juan Mora-Sanguinetti

Financial flows and balance sheets of households and non-financial corporations in 2020 pp. 11 pages

Víctor García-Vaquero and Juan Carlos Casado

G20 debt-relief initiatives for low-income countries during the pandemic pp. 12 pages

José Ramón Martínez Resano and Sonsoles Gallego

Historical development of the european structural and investment funds pp. 12 pages

Victor Forte-Campos and Juan Rojas

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Spanish commercial real estate market pp. 12 pages

Alejandro Fernández Cerezo, Matías Lamas, Irene Roibás and Raquel Vegas

A cost of living index for Spanish cities pp. 13 pages

Victor Forte-Campos, Enrique Moral-Benito and Javier Quintana

Overview of global and European institutional sustainable finances initiatives pp. 16 pages

Clara Gonzalez

Results of non-financial corporations in 2021 Q1 pp. 16 pages

Álvaro Menéndez and Maristela Mulino

The July 2021 Bank Lending Survey in Spain pp. 16 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

The role of central banks in combating climate change and developing sustainable finance pp. 17 pages

Clara Gonzalez

Cash infrastructure and cash access vulnerability in Spain pp. 19 pages

Diana Posada Restrepo

Recent developments in financing and bank lending to the non-financial private sector. First half of 2021 pp. 22 pages

Pana Alves, Jorge Galán, Luis Fernández Lafuerza and Eduardo Pérez Asenjo

Consumption recovery in 2021: an analysis drawing on consumer expectations pp. 9 pages

Pablo Aguilar

The IMF´s resources in the face of COVID-19 crisis pp. pages

Isabel Garrido, Xavier Serra and Sonsoles Gallego

2021, issue 2/2021

Personal loan rates and household characteristics: Spain compared with other euro area countries pp. 10 pages

Cristina Barceló, Ernesto Villanueva and Elena Vozmediano

Furlough schemes in the COVID-19 crisis: an initial analysis of furloughed employees resuming work pp. 12 pages

Mario Izquierdo, Sergio Puente and Ana Regil

The impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on the housing market in Spain pp. 14 pages

Pana Alves and Lucio San Juan

Results of non-financial corporations to 2020 Q4. Preliminary year-end data pp. 16 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

April 2021 Bank Lending Survey in Spain pp. 18 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

International capital markets during the COVID-19 crisis pp. 19 pages

Laura Álvarez, Alberto Fuertes, Luis Molina Sánchez and Emilio Muñoz de la Peña

The balance of payments and international investment position of Spain in 2020 pp. 22 pages

Laura Álvarez, Pana Alves, Esther López and César Martín

Report on the Latin American economy. First half of 2021. Outlook, vulnerabilities and policy space pp. 35 pages

International Economics and Euro Area Department

Fiscal rebalancing plans in the medium term: the case of the United Kingdom pp. 8 pages

Júlia Brunet and Susana Parraga Rodriguez

2021, issue 1/2021

The economic performance of Spanish provinces during 2020 and its determinants pp. 10 pages

Alejandro Fernández Cerezo

The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) pp. 11 pages

Alejandro Buesa, Iván Kataryniuk, Pilar L’Hotellerie-Fallois and Susana Moreno

Turkey: Macro-Financial situation pp. 16 pages

Juan Carlos Berganza, Paula Sánchez Pastor and Begoña Lara

Impact of the dividend distribution restriction on the flow of credit to non-financial corporations in Spain pp. 17 pages

David Martínez-Miera and Raquel Vegas

January 2021 Bank lending survey in Spain pp. 18 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

The gender gap in financial competences (556 KB) pp. 18 pages

Laura Hospido, Sara Izquierdo and Margarita Machelett

The cost of electricity for Spanish firms pp. 18 pages

María Matea Rosa, Félix Martínez Casares and Samuel Vázquez Martínez

Recent developments in financing and bank lending to the non-financial privante sector pp. 25 pages

Pana Alves, Fabián Arrizabalaga, Javier Delgado, Jorge Galán, Eduardo Pérez Asenjo, Carlos Pérez Montes and Carlos Trucharte

The economic impact of COVID-19 on Spanish firms according to the Banco de España Business Activity Survey (EBAE) pp. 9 pages

Alejandro Fernández Cerezo, Beatriz González, Mario Izquierdo and Enrique Moral-Benito

2020, issue 4/2020

Inflation persistence in the euro area: the role of expectations pp. 10 pages

Pablo Aguilar

The impact of unconventional monetary policies on perceptions of extreme events at times of crisis pp. 10 pages

Irma Alonso Alvarez

Developments in the collective investment industry in Spain between 2008 and 2019 pp. 11 pages

Laura Álvarez and Sergio Mayordomo

Recent developments in the cost of bank equity in Europe pp. 11 pages

Luis Fernández Lafuerza and Javier Mencía

Impact of lockdown on the euro area labour market in 2020 H1 pp. 11 pages

Angel Luis Gómez and José Manuel Montero

Brexit: situation and economic consequences pp. 12 pages

Alejandro Buesa, Coral García, Iván Kataryniuk, César Martín-Machuca, Susana Moreno and Moritz Roth

Euro area household income and saving during the first wave of the pandemic pp. 12 pages

Ana del Río and José Antonio Cuenca

Digital platforms: developments in their regulation and challenges in the financial arena pp. 13 pages

Sergio Gorjón

China: impact of the pandemic and economic recovery pp. 13 pages

Alejandro Buesa

Results of non-financial corporations to 2020 Q2 pp. 16 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

Effective retirement age: recent developments pp. 17 pages

María Moraga and Roberto Ramos

October 2020 Bank Lending Survey in Spain pp. 18 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

The impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the financial position of non-financial corporations in 2020: CBSO-based evidence pp. 22 pages

Roberto Blanco, Sergio Mayordomo, Álvaro Menéndez and Maristela Mulino

Recent developments in financing and bank lending to the non-financial private sector pp. 27 pages

Pana Alves, Roberto Blanco, Sergio Mayordomo, Fabián Arrizabalaga, Javier Delgado, Gabriel Jimenez, Eduardo Pérez Asenjo, Carlos Pérez Montes and Carlos Trucharte

Report on the Latin American economy. Second half of 2020 pp. 34 pages

Banco de España

Effects of e-commerce on prices and business competition pp. 9 pages

Aitor Lacuesta, Pau Roldan-Blanco and Darío Serrano-Puente

2020, issue 3/2020

Financial flows and balance sheets of households and non-financial corporations in 2019 pp. 10 pages

Víctor García-Vaquero and Maristela Mulino

Spanish companies exporting goods to the United Kingdom: stylised features and recent developments by Region pp. 12 pages

Eduardo Gutiérrez Chacón and César Martín Machuca

Market microstructure factors in the determination of oil prices pp. 13 pages

Carlos González Pedraz and María Teresa González Pérez

An estimate of Pension System financial returns pp. 13 pages

María Moraga and Roberto Ramos

Recent developments in real estate investment trusts in Spain pp. 13 pages

Víctor García-Vaquero and Irene Roibás

Bank Lending Survey in Spain: June 2020 pp. 14 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas

Consumption in Spain during the state of alert: an analysis based on payment card spending pp. 14 pages

José González Mínguez, Alberto Urtasun and Miguel Pérez García de Mirasierra

The financial position of the workers most affected by the pandemic: an analysis drawing on the Spanish Survey of Household Finances pp. 15 pages

Pilar Alvargonzález, Myroslav Pidkuyko and Ernesto Villanueva

Results of non-financial corporations in 2020 Q1 pp. 17 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

The 2020 European Semester and the specific recommendations for Spain pp. 19 pages

Pilar García Perea, Antonio Millaruelo, Víctor María Mora Bajén and María del Carmen Sánchez Carretero

2020, issue 2/2020

Foreign investment in the residential real estate market in Spain between 2007 and 2019 pp. 11 pages

Laura Álvarez, Roberto Blanco and Miguel Garcia-Posada

Intergenerational employment trends in Spain in recent decades pp. 17 pages

Sergio Puente and Ana Regil

The heterogeneous economic impact of COVID-19 among euro area regions and countries pp. 17 pages

Elvira Prades Illanes and Patrocinio Tello Casas

Teleworking in Spain pp. 19 pages

Brindusa Anghel and Marianela Cozzolino

The Balance of Payments and International Investment Position of Spain in 2019 pp. 20 pages

Pana Alves, Esther López, César Martín and Irene Roibás

Report on the Latin American economy. First half of 2020 pp. 31 pages

Banco de España

Reference macroeconomic scenarios for the Spanish economy after Covid-19 pp. 32 pages

Banco de España

2020, issue 1/2020

The relationship between inflation rates in advanced economies pp. 11 pages

Luis Alvarez, Ana Gómez Loscos and M.ª Dolores Gadea

The EU-MERCOSUR free trade agreement: main features and economic impact pp. 12 pages

Jacopo Timini and Francesca Viani

The end of the demographic dividend in Latin America: challenges for economic and social policies pp. 13 pages

Juan Carlos Berganza, Rodolfo Campos, Enrique Martínez Casillas and Javier Pérez

Impact of new technologies on financial inclusion pp. 14 pages

Esther Barruetabeña

Recent developments in financing and bank lending to the non-financial private sector 2019 H2 pp. 15 pages

Pana Alves, Fabián Arrizabalaga, Javier Delgado and Alejandro Ferrer

January 2020 Bank lending survey in Spain pp. 18 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas

Results of non-financial corporations to 2019 Q4. Preliminary year-end data pp. 18 pages

Álvaro Menéndez Pujadas and Maristela Mulino

Ageing, productivity and employment status pp. 20 pages

Brindusa Anghel and Aitor Lacuesta

Population at risk of poverty or social exclusion in Spain, according to the European Council definition pp. 8 pages

Aitor Lacuesta and Brindusa Anghel