The economic effects of long‐term climate change: Evidence from the Little Ice Age: Replication

Nikolai Cook, Hugo Cordeau, Tongzhe Li and Taylor Wright

Economic Inquiry, 2026, vol. 64, issue 1, 212-220

Abstract: Waldinger finds a positive relationship between temperature and city size during the climate change of 1600–1850. We show the main result differs by city size. Cities with less than 1000 inhabitants (which make up 23.5% of observations and are 49.6% of cities at some point) exhibit a strong and positive relationship between temperature and city size, whereas cities with always more than 1000 inhabitants exhibit a negative relationship. Further examination of the underlying city size data, which bins populations into coarse thousand‐wide population intervals, finds the original analysis to be robust to a number of reasonable alternative researcher choices.

Date: 2026
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