Medical Decision Making

1981 - 2025

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Volume 41, issue 8, 2021

Life Support Preferences in the Context of COVID-19: Results from a National US Survey pp. 963-969

Bryan Wallace, Daniel D. Matlock, Aaron Scherer, Angela Fagerlin and Laura D. Scherer

Maximizing the Efficiency of Active Case Finding for SARS-CoV-2 Using Bandit Algorithms pp. 970-977

Gregg S. Gonsalves, J. Tyler Copple, A. David Paltiel, Eli P. Fenichel, Jude Bayham, Mark Abraham, David Kline, Sam Malloy, Michael F. Rayo, Net Zhang, Daria Faulkner, Dane A. Morey, Frank Wu, Thomas Thornhill, Suzan Iloglu and Joshua L. Warren

Evaluation of Triage Tests When Existing Test Capacity Is Constrained: Application to Rapid Diagnostic Testing in COVID-19 pp. 978-987

Janet Bouttell and Neil Hawkins

Effectiveness of Face Masks in Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Model-Based Analysis pp. 988-1003

Isabelle J. Rao, Jacqueline J. Vallon and Margaret L. Brandeau

Accuracy of State-Level Surveillance during Emerging Outbreaks of Respiratory Viruses: A Model-Based Assessment pp. 1004-1016

Yuwen Gu, Elise DeDoncker, Richard VanEnk, Rajib Paul, Susan Peters, Gillian Stoltman and Diana Prieto

Evaluation of Contact-Tracing Policies against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Austria: An Agent-Based Simulation pp. 1017-1032

Martin Bicher, Claire Rippinger, Christoph Urach, Dominik Brunmeir, Uwe Siebert and Niki Popper

A Bayesian Framework for Patient-Level Partitioned Survival Cost-Utility Analysis pp. 1033-1048

Andrea Gabrio

Volume 41, issue 7, 2021

The International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) Collaboration: Evidence Update 2.0 pp. 729-733

Dawn Stacey and Robert J. Volk

Commentary on History of IPDAS pp. 734-735

Lyndal Trevena

Systematic Development of Patient Decision Aids: An Update from the IPDAS Collaboration pp. 736-754

Holly O. Witteman, Kristin G. Maki, Gratianne Vaisson, Jeanette Finderup, Krystina B. Lewis, Karina Dahl Steffensen, Caroline Beaudoin, Sandrine Comeau and Robert J. Volk

Basing Information on Comprehensive, Critically Appraised, and Up-to-Date Syntheses of the Scientific Evidence: An Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards pp. 755-767

Tammy C. Hoffmann, Mina Bakhit, Marie-Anne Durand, Lilisbeth Perestelo-Pérez, Catherine Saunders and Juan P. Brito

Addressing Conflicts of Interest in Health and Medicine: Current Evidence and Implications for Patient Decision Aid Development pp. 768-779

Rachel Thompson, Zoe Paskins, Barry G. Main, Thaddeus Mason Pope, Evelyn C. Y. Chan, Ben W. Moulton, Michael J. Barry and Clarence H. Braddock

Providing Balanced Information about Options in Patient Decision Aids: An Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards pp. 780-800

Richard W. Martin, Stina Brogård Andersen, Mary Ann O’Brien, Paulina Bravo, Tammy Hoffmann, Karina Olling, Heather L. Shepherd, Kathrina Dankl, Dawn Stacey and Karina Dahl Steffensen

Clarifying Values: An Updated and Expanded Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis pp. 801-820

Holly O. Witteman, Ruth Ndjaboue, Gratianne Vaisson, Selma Chipenda Dansokho, Bob Arnold, John F. P. Bridges, Sandrine Comeau, Angela Fagerlin, Teresa Gavaruzzi, Melina Marcoux, Arwen Pieterse, Michael Pignone, Thierry Provencher, Charles Racine, Dean Regier, Charlotte Rochefort-Brihay, Praveen Thokala, Marieke Weernink, Douglas B. White, Celia E. Wills and Jesse Jansen

Current Best Practice for Presenting Probabilities in Patient Decision Aids: Fundamental Principles pp. 821-833

Carissa Bonner, Lyndal J. Trevena, Wolfgang Gaissmaier, Paul K. J. Han, Yasmina Okan, Elissa Ozanne, Ellen Peters, Daniëlle Timmermans and Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher

Current Challenges When Using Numbers in Patient Decision Aids: Advanced Concepts pp. 834-847

Lyndal J. Trevena, Carissa Bonner, Yasmina Okan, Ellen Peters, Wolfgang Gaissmaier, Paul K. J. Han, Elissa Ozanne, Danielle Timmermans and Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher

Addressing Health Literacy in Patient Decision Aids: An Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards pp. 848-869

Danielle M. Muscat, Jenna Smith, Olivia Mac, Tamara Cadet, Anik Giguere, Ashley J. Housten, Aisha T. Langford, Sian K. Smith, Marie-Anne Durand and Kirsten McCaffery

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patient Decision Aids for Socially Disadvantaged Populations: Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) pp. 870-896

Renata W. Yen, Jenna Smith, Jaclyn Engel, Danielle Marie Muscat, Sian K. Smith, Julien Mancini, Lilisbeth Perestelo-Pérez, Glyn Elwyn, A. James O’Malley, JoAnna K. Leyenaar, Olivia Mac, Tamara Cadet, Anik Giguere, Ashley J. Housten, Aisha Langford, Kirsten McCaffery and Marie-Anne Durand

Do Personal Stories Make Patient Decision Aids More Effective? An Update from the International Patient Decision Aids Standards pp. 897-906

Victoria A. Shaffer, Suzanne Brodney, Teresa Gavaruzzi, Yaara Zisman-Ilani, Sarah Munro, Sian K. Smith, Elizabeth Thomas, Katherine D. Valentine and Hilary L. Bekker

What Works in Implementing Patient Decision Aids in Routine Clinical Settings? A Rapid Realist Review and Update from the International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration pp. 907-937

Natalie Joseph-Williams, Purva Abhyankar, Laura Boland, Paulina Bravo, Alison T. Brenner, Suzanne Brodney, Angela Coulter, Anik Giguère, Aubri Hoffman, Mirjam Körner, Aisha Langford, France Légaré, Daniel Matlock, Nora Moumjid, Sarah Munro, Karina Dahl Steffensen, Christine Stirling and Trudy van der Weijden

Guidance and/or Decision Coaching with Patient Decision Aids: Scoping Reviews to Inform the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) pp. 938-953

Anne Christin Rahn, Janet Jull, Laura Boland, Jeanette Finderup, Marie-Chantal Loiselle, Maureen Smith, Sascha Köpke and Dawn Stacey

Are We Improving? Update and Critical Appraisal of the Reporting of Decision Process and Quality Measures in Trials Evaluating Patient Decision Aids pp. 954-959

Logan Trenaman, Jesse Jansen, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby, Mirjam Körner, Joanne Lally, Daniel Matlock, Lilisbeth Perestelo-Perez, Mary Ropka, Christine Stirling, Kathrene Valentine, Ha Vo, Celia E. Wills, Richard Thomson and Karen Sepucha

Volume 41, issue 6, 2021

Predicting the Effectiveness of Endemic Infectious Disease Control Interventions: The Impact of Mass Action versus Network Model Structure pp. 623-640

Giovanni S. P. Malloy, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert, Eva A. Enns and Margaret L. Brandeau

Representing Tuberculosis Transmission with Complex Contagion: An Agent-Based Simulation Modeling Approach pp. 641-652

Erin D. Zwick, Caitlin S. Pepperell and Oguzhan Alagoz

Uncertainty Analysis in Intervention Impact on Health Inequality for Resource Allocation Decisions pp. 653-666

Fan Yang, Ana Duarte, Simon Walker and Susan Griffin

Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models for the Analysis of Clinical Trial–Based Cost-Effectiveness Data pp. 667-684

Felix Achana, Daniel Gallacher, Raymond Oppong, Sungwook Kim, Stavros Petrou, James Mason and Michael Crowther

Using Published Health Utilities in Cost-Utility Analyses: Discrepancies and Issues in Cardiovascular Disease pp. 685-692

Ting Zhou, Zhiyuan Chen, Hongchao Li and Feng Xie

Modeling Diagnostic Strategies to Manage Toxic Adverse Events following Cancer Immunotherapy pp. 693-705

Frederik van Delft, Mirte Muller, Rom Langerak, Hendrik Koffijberg, Valesca Retèl, Daan van den Broek and Maarten IJzerman

Using Normalized Entropy to Measure Uncertainty of Rankings for Network Meta-analyses pp. 706-713

Yun-Chun Wu, Ming-Chieh Shih and Yu-Kang Tu

Bayesian versus Empirical Calibration of Microsimulation Models: A Comparative Analysis pp. 714-726

Stavroula A. Chrysanthopoulou, Carolyn M. Rutter and Constantine A. Gatsonis

Volume 41, issue 5, 2021

Conflicting Goals Influence Physicians’ Expressed Beliefs to Patients and Colleagues pp. 505-514

Siyuan Yin, Hal Arkes, John P. McCoy, Margot E. Cohen and Barbara A. Mellers

Patients with Metastatic Lung Cancer and Oncologists’ Views on Achievement of Treatment Goals and Making the Right Treatment Decision: A Prospective Multicenter Study pp. 515-526

Adinda Mieras, Annemarie Becker-Commissaris, Hanna T. Klop, H. Roeline W. Pasman, Denise de Jong, Lemke Pronk and Bregje D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen

Layperson Views about the Design and Evaluation of Decision Aids: A Public Deliberation pp. 527-539

Peter H. Schwartz, Kieran C. O’Doherty, Colene Bentley, Karen K. Schmidt and Michael M. Burgess

Shared Decision Making Tools for People Facing Stroke Prevention Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Environmental Scan pp. 540-549

Victor D. Torres Roldan, Sarah R. Brand-McCarthy, Oscar J. Ponce, Tereza Belluzzo, Meritxell Urtecho, Nataly R. Espinoza Suarez, Freddy J. K. Toloza, Anjali D. Thota, Paige W. Organick, Francisco Barrera, Carolina Liu-Sanchez, Soumya Jaladi, Larry Prokop, Elissa M. Ozanne, Angela Fagerlin, Ian G. Hargraves, Peter A. Noseworthy, Victor M. Montori and Juan P. Brito

Vaccine Hesitancy and Differential Susceptibility to Media Coverage: A Critical Documentary Led to Substantial Reductions in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Denmark pp. 550-558

Maria Humlum, Niels Skipper and Peter Rønø Thingholm

Promoting Judicious Primary Care Referral of Patients with Chest Pain to Cardiology: A Quality Improvement Initiative pp. 559-572

Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Ellen K. Hamburger, Lena Saleh, Lexi M. Crawford, Edward Sepe, Ariel Dubelman, Lena Baram, Kathleen M. Kadow, Christina Driskill, Kathy Prestidge, James E. Bost and Deena Berkowitz

Does Controlling for Scale Heterogeneity Better Explain Respondents’ Preference Segmentation in Discrete Choice Experiments? A Case Study of US Health Insurance Demand pp. 573-583

Suzana Karim, Benjamin M. Craig and Stephen Poteet

Valuing EQ-5D-Y-3L Health States Using a Discrete Choice Experiment: Do Adult and Adolescent Preferences Differ? pp. 584-596

David J. Mott, Koonal K. Shah, Juan Manuel Ramos-Goñi, Nancy Devlin and Oliver Rivero-Arias

Valuation Survey of EQ-5D-Y Based on the International Common Protocol: Development of a Value Set in Japan pp. 597-606

Takeru Shiroiwa, Shunya Ikeda, Shinichi Noto, Takashi Fukuda and Elly Stolk

Choice of Intensive Lifestyle Change and/or Metformin after Shared Decision Making for Diabetes Prevention: Results from the Prediabetes Informed Decisions and Education (PRIDE) Study pp. 607-613

Tannaz Moin, Jacqueline M. Martin, Carol M. Mangione, Jonathan Grotts, Norman Turk, Keith C. Norris, Chi-Hong Tseng, Kia Skrine Jeffers, Yelba Castellon-Lopez, Dominick L. Frosch and O. Kenrik Duru

BAIT: A New Medical Decision Support Technology Based on Discrete Choice Theory pp. 614-619

Annebel ten Broeke, Jan Hulscher, Nicolaas Heyning, Elisabeth Kooi and Caspar Chorus

Volume 41, issue 4, 2021

2020 North America Annual Meeting for SMDM pp. E1-E357

N/a

Medical Decision Making and MDM Policy & Practice Reviewers, 2020 pp. 375-378

N/a

The Use and Misuse of Mathematical Modeling for Infectious Disease Policymaking: Lessons for the COVID-19 Pandemic pp. 379-385

Lyndon P. James, Joshua A. Salomon, Caroline O. Buckee and Nicolas A. Menzies

Adaptive Policies to Balance Health Benefits and Economic Costs of Physical Distancing Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic pp. 386-392

Reza Yaesoubi, Joshua Havumaki, Melanie H. Chitwood, Nicolas A. Menzies, Gregg Gonsalves, Joshua A. Salomon, A. David Paltiel and Ted Cohen

The Value of Triage during Periods of Intense COVID-19 Demand: Simulation Modeling Study pp. 393-407

Richard M. Wood, Adrian C. Pratt, Charlie Kenward, Christopher J. McWilliams, Ross D. Booton, Matthew J. Thomas, Christopher P. Bourdeaux and Christos Vasilakis

Who Gets the Last Bed? A Discrete-Choice Experiment Examining General Population Preferences for Intensive Care Bed Prioritization in a Pandemic pp. 408-418

Amelia E. Street, Deborah J. Street and Gordon M. Flynn

COVID-19 Pandemic Response Simulation in a Large City: Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Reopening Society pp. 419-429

Serin Lee, Zelda B. Zabinsky, Judith N. Wasserheit, Stephen M. Kofsky and Shan Liu

Shared Decision Making during the COVID-19 Pandemic pp. 430-438

Anja K. Köther, Katharina U. Siebenhaar and Georg W. Alpers

Validity of Surrogate Endpoints and Their Impact on Coverage Recommendations: A Retrospective Analysis across International Health Technology Assessment Agencies pp. 439-452

Oriana Ciani, Bogdan Grigore, Hedwig Blommestein, Saskia de Groot, Meilin Möllenkamp, Stefan Rabbe, Rita Daubner-Bendes and Rod S. Taylor

Comparison of Decision Modeling Approaches for Health Technology and Policy Evaluation pp. 453-464

John Graves, Shawn Garbett, Zilu Zhou, Jonathan S. Schildcrout and Josh Peterson

An Examination of Consistency in the Incremental Approach to Willingness to Pay: Evidence Using Societal Values for NHS Dental Services pp. 465-474

Katherine Carr, Cam Donaldson, John Wildman, Robert Smith and Christopher R. Vernazza

Extrapolating Parametric Survival Models in Health Technology Assessment Using Model Averaging: A Simulation Study pp. 476-484

Daniel Gallacher, Peter Kimani and Nigel Stallard

United States Utility Algorithm for the EORTC QLU-C10D, a Multiattribute Utility Instrument Based on a Cancer-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument pp. 485-501

Dennis A. Revicki, Madeleine T. King, Rosalie Viney, A. Simon Pickard, Rebecca Mercieca-Bebber, James W. Shaw, Fabiola Müller and Richard Norman

Volume 41, issue 3, 2021

Health Opportunity Costs and Expert Elicitation: A Comment on Soares et al pp. 255-257

Christopher Sampson, Isobel Firth and Adrian Towse

Authors’ Response to: “Health Opportunity Costs and Expert Elicitation: A Comment on Soares et al.†by Sampson, Firth, and Towse pp. 258-260

Marta O. Soares, Mark J. Sculpher and Karl Claxton

User Involvement in the Design and Development of Patient Decision Aids and Other Personal Health Tools: A Systematic Review pp. 261-274

Gratianne Vaisson, Thierry Provencher, Michèle Dugas, Marie-Ève Trottier, Selma Chipenda Dansokho, Heather Colquhoun, Angela Fagerlin, Anik M. C. Giguere, Hina Hakim, Lynne Haslett, Aubri S. Hoffman, Noah M. Ivers, Anne-Sophie Julien, France Légaré, Jean-Sébastien Renaud, Dawn Stacey, Robert J. Volk and Holly O. Witteman

How Physicians Manage Medical Uncertainty: A Qualitative Study and Conceptual Taxonomy pp. 275-291

Paul K. J. Han, Tania D. Strout, Caitlin Gutheil, Carl Germann, Brian King, Eirik Ofstad, PÃ¥l Gulbrandsen and Robert Trowbridge

Efficacy of Advance Care Planning Videos for Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Cancer, Heart, and Kidney Failure Outpatient Settings pp. 292-304

Maureen L. Douglas, Jessica Simon, Sara N. Davison, Patricia Biondo, Sunita Ghosh, Aliya Kassam and Konrad Fassbender

Using Narratives to Correct Forecasting Errors in Pediatric Tracheostomy Decision Making pp. 305-316

Haoyang Yan, Patricia J. Deldin, Stephanie K. Kukora, Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren, Kenneth Pituch and Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher

When Is a Harm a Harm? Discordance between Patient and Medical Experts’ Evaluation of Lung Cancer Screening Attributes pp. 317-328

Marilyn M. Schapira, Keri L. Rodriguez, Sumedha Chhatre, Liana Fraenkel, Lori A. Bastian, Jeffrey D. Kravetz, Onur Asan, Scott Akers, Anil Vachani, Jason M. Prigge, Jessica Meline, Jennifer V. Ibarra, Barbara Corn and Dana Kaminstein

Educational Intervention Reduced Family Medicine Residents’ Intention to Request Diagnostic Tests: Results of a Controlled Trial pp. 329-339

Antonius Schneider, Markus Bühner, Therese Herzog, Siona Laverty, Stefanie Ziehfreund, Alexander Hapfelmeier, Dagmar Schneider, Pascal O. Berberat and Marco Roos

Comparing the Performance of Statistical Adjustment Methods by Recovering the Experimental Benchmark from the REFLUX Trial pp. 340-353

Luke Keele, Stephen O’Neill and Richard Grieve

Personalized Decision Making on Genomic Testing in Early Breast Cancer: Expanding the MINDACT Trial with Decision-Analytic Modeling pp. 354-365

Ewout W. Steyerberg, Liesbeth C. de Wreede, David van Klaveren and Patrick M. M. Bossuyt

Differences in the Selection of Health State Utility Values by Sponsorship in Published Cost-Effectiveness Analyses pp. 366-372

Nathaniel Hendrix, David D. Kim, Krishna S. Patel and Beth Devine

Volume 41, issue 2, 2021

Electronic Health Records: The Signal and the Noise pp. 103-106

Louise Russell

Call for Papers: The Use of Electronic Health Record (EHR) Data in Health Decision Research pp. 107-107

N/a

Development and Evaluation of the Shared Decision Making Process Scale: A Short Patient-Reported Measure pp. 108-119

K. D. Valentine, Ha Vo, Floyd J. Fowler, Suzanne Brodney, Michael J. Barry and Karen R. Sepucha

Differences in Implementation Outcomes of a Shared Decision-Making Program for Men with Prostate Cancer between an Academic Medical Center and County Health Care System pp. 120-132

Kevin D. Li, Christopher S. Saigal, Megha D. Tandel, Lorna Kwan, Moira Inkelas, Dana L. Alden, Stanley K. Frencher, Kiran Gollapudi, Jeremy Blumberg, Jamal Nabhani and Jonathan Bergman

Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Alternatives in Adapting Electronic Health Records for Health Services Research pp. 133-142

Glen B. Taksler, Jarrod E. Dalton, Adam T. Perzynski, Michael B. Rothberg, Alex Milinovich, Nikolas I. Krieger, Neal V. Dawson, Mary J. Roach, Michael D. Lewis and Douglas Einstadter

Applied Methods for Estimating Transition Probabilities from Electronic Health Record Data pp. 143-152

Patricia J. Rodriguez, Zachary J. Ward, Michael W. Long, S. Bryn Austin and Davene R. Wright

Cost-Effectiveness of Surveillance Scanning Strategies after Curative Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer pp. 153-164

Henri B. Wolff, Leonie Alberts, Elisabeth A. Kastelijn, Sherif Y. El Sharouni, Franz M. N. H. Schramel and Veerle M. H. Coupé

Exploring Heterogeneity in Histology-Independent Technologies and the Implications for Cost-Effectiveness pp. 165-178

Peter Murphy, Lindsay Claxton, Robert Hodgson, David Glynn, Lucy Beresford, Matthew Walton, Alexis Llewellyn, Stephen Palmer and Sofia Dias

Extrapolation of Survival Curves Using Standard Parametric Models and Flexible Parametric Spline Models: Comparisons in Large Registry Cohorts with Advanced Cancer pp. 179-193

Jodi Gray, Thomas Sullivan, Nicholas R. Latimer, Amy Salter, Michael J. Sorich, Robyn L. Ward and Jonathan Karnon

Joining the Dots: Linking Disconnected Networks of Evidence Using Dose-Response Model-Based Network Meta-Analysis pp. 194-208

Hugo Pedder, Sofia Dias, Meg Bennetts, Martin Boucher and Nicky J. Welton

Assessing the Appropriateness of the EQ-5D for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Patient-Centered Study pp. 209-221

Norah L. Crossnohere, Ryan Fischer, Andrew Lloyd, Lisa A. Prosser and John F. P. Bridges

Is Easier Better Than Harder? An Experiment on Choice Experiments for Benefit-Risk Tradeoff Preferences pp. 222-232

Jui-Chen Yang, Shelby D. Reed, Steve Hass, Mark B. Skeen and F. Reed Johnson

Feasibility of Rapidly Developing and Widely Disseminating Patient Decision Aids to Respond to Urgent Decisional Needs due to the COVID-19 Pandemic pp. 233-239

Dawn Stacey, Claire Ludwig, Patrick Archambault, Kevin Babulic, Nancy Edwards, Josée Lavoie, Samir Sinha and Annette M. O’Connor

Association between Breast Cancer Screening Intention and Behavior in the Context of Screening Cessation in Older Women pp. 240-244

Nancy L. Schoenborn, Adlin Pinheiro, Christine E. Kistler and Mara A. Schonberg

Are Discount Rates Too High? Population Health and Intergenerational Equity pp. 245-249

R. Scott Braithwaite and Mark S. Roberts

Volume 41, issue 1, 2021

Expanding Access to COVID-19 Tests through US Postal Service Facilities pp. 3-8

Bismark Singh, Simon Risanger, David Morton, Michael Pignone and Lauren Ancel Meyers

Using Clinical Trial Data to Estimate the Costs of Behavioral Interventions for Potential Adopters: A Guide for Trialists pp. 9-20

Louise Russell, Laurie A. Norton, David Pagnotti, Christianne Sevinc, Sophia Anderson, Darra Finnerty Bigelow, Lauren G. Iannotte, Michael Josephs, Ryan McGilloway, Iwan Barankay, Mary E. Putt, Peter P. Reese, David A. Asch, Lee R. Goldberg, Shivan J. Mehta, Monique S. Tanna, Andrea B. Troxel and Kevin G. Volpp

Modeling Obesity in Norway (The MOON Study): A Decision-Analytic Approach—Prevalence, Costs, and Years of Life Lost pp. 21-36

Gudrun M. W. Bjørnelv, Vidar Halsteinli, Bård E. Kulseng, Diana Sonntag and Rønnaug A. Ødegaard

Extrapolating Parametric Survival Models in Health Technology Assessment: A Simulation Study pp. 37-50

Daniel Gallacher, Peter Kimani and Nigel Stallard

Observer Ratings of Shared Decision Making Do Not Match Patient Reports: An Observational Study in 5 Family Medicine Practices pp. 51-59

Gisèle Diendéré, Imen Farhat, Holly Witteman and Ruth Ndjaboue

Improving Patient Preparedness and Confidence in Discussing Advance Directives for End-of-Life Care with Health Care Providers in the United States and Japan pp. 60-73

John M. Friend and Dana L. Alden

Risk Ladder, Table, or Bulleted List? Identifying Formats That Effectively Communicate Personalized Risk and Risk Reduction Information for Multiple Diseases pp. 74-88

Erika A. Waters, Julia Maki, Ying Liu, Nicole Ackermann, Chelsey R. Carter, Hank Dart, Deborah J. Bowen, Linda D. Cameron and Graham A. Colditz

Selecting Bolt-on Dimensions for the EQ-5D: Testing the Impact of Hearing, Sleep, Cognition, Energy, and Relationships on Preferences Using Pairwise Choices pp. 89-99

Aureliano Paolo Finch, John Brazier and Clara Mukuria