The Effect of Classroom Rank on Learning throughout Elementary School: Experimental Evidence from Ecuador

Pedro Carneiro, Yyannu Cruz-Aguayo, Francesca Salvati and Norbert Schady

Journal of Labor Economics, 2025, vol. 43, issue 2, 433 - 466

Abstract: We study the impact of classroom rank on children’s learning using a unique experiment from Ecuador. Within each school, students were randomly assigned to classrooms in every grade between kindergarten and sixth grade. Students with the same ability can have different classroom ranks because of the (random) peer composition of their classroom. Children with higher beginning-of-grade classroom rank have significantly higher test scores at the end of that grade. The impact of classroom rank is larger for younger children and grows over time. Higher classroom rank also improves executive function, child happiness, and teacher perceptions of student ability.

Date: 2025
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Related works:
Working Paper: The Effect of Classroom Rank on Learning Throughout Elementary School: Experimental Evidence from Ecuador (2024)
Working Paper: The effect of classroom rank on learning throughout elementary school: experimental evidence from Ecuador (2023)
Working Paper: The Effect of Classroom Rank on Learning throughout Elementary School: Experimental Evidence from Ecuador (2023)
Working Paper: The effect of classroom rank on learning throughout elementary school: experimental evidence from Ecuador (2023)
Working Paper: The Effect of Classroom Rank on Learning throughout Elementary School: Experimental Evidence from Ecuador (2023)
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