Underestimating Costs in Public Works Projects: Error or Lie?

Bent Flyvbjerg, Mette K. Skamris Holm and S{\o}ren L. Buhl

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Abstract: This article presents results from the first statistically significant study of cost escalation in transportation infrastructure projects. Based on a sample of 258 transportation infrastructure projects worth US$90 billion and representing different project types, geographical regions, and historical periods, it is found with overwhelming statistical significance that the cost estimates used to decide whether such projects should be built are highly and systematically misleading. Underestimation cannot be explained by error and is best explained by strategic misrepresentation, that is, lying. The policy implications are clear: legislators, administrators, investors, media representatives, and members of the public who value honest numbers should not trust cost estimates and cost-benefit analyses produced by project promoters and their analysts.

Date: 2013-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ppm, nep-tre and nep-ure
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Published in Bent Flyvbjerg, Mette K. Skamris Holm, S{\o}ren L. Buhl, "Underestimating Costs in Public Works Projects: Error or Lie?" Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 68, no. 3, Summer 2002, pp. 279-295

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Related works:
Working Paper: Underestimating Costs in Public Works Projects: Error or Lie? (2006)
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