Fairer Chess: A Reversal of Two Opening Moves in Chess Creates Balance Between White and Black

Steven Brams () and Mehmet S. Ismail

Papers from arXiv.org

Abstract: Unlike tic-tac-toe or checkers, in which optimal play leads to a draw, it is not known whether optimal play in chess ends in a win for White, a win for Black, or a draw. But after White moves first in chess, if Black has a double move followed by a double move of White and then alternating play, play is more balanced because White does not always tie or lead in moves. Symbolically, Balanced Alternation gives the following move sequence: After White's (W) initial move, first Black (B) and then White each have two moves in a row (BBWW), followed by the alternating sequence, beginning with W, which altogether can be written as WB/BW/WB/WB/WB... (the slashes separate alternating pairs of moves). Except for reversal of the 3rd and 4th moves from WB to BW, this is the standard chess sequence. Because Balanced Alternation lies between the standard sequence, which favors White, and a comparable sequence that favors Black, it is highly likely to produce a draw with optimal play, rendering chess fairer. This conclusion is supported by a computer analysis of chess openings and how they would play out under Balanced Alternation.

Date: 2021-08, Revised 2021-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-isf and nep-spo
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Published in Forthcoming at the Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Games 2021

Downloads: (external link)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.02547 Latest version (application/pdf)

Related works:
Working Paper: Fairer Chess: A Reversal of Two Opening Moves in Chess Creates Balance Between White and Black (2021)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:arx:papers:2108.02547

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in Papers from arXiv.org
Bibliographic data for series maintained by arXiv administrators ().