Working Papers

From Center for Global Development
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605: Decentralized Purchasing of Essential Medicines and Its Impact on Availability, Prices, and Quality: A Review of Current Evidence

Lyudmila Nepomnyashchiy and Prashant Yadav

604: Adolescent Refugee Girls’ Secondary Education in Ethiopia: An Empirical Analysis of Multiple Vulnerabilities in Low-Resource Displacement Settings

Shelby Carvalho

603: Persistent Gender Gaps in Business Profits in Indonesia: Implications for COVID-19 Recovery Policies

Mayra Buvinic, James Knowles and Firman Witoelar

602: The Impact of Private Schools, School Chains, and Public-Private Partnerships in Developing Countries

Lee Crawfurd and Susannah Hares

601: The Paradox of Gender Equality and Economic Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Land Rights

Evelyn Wamboye

600: How to Measure Student Absenteeism in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

David Evans and Amina Acosta

599: Small and Medium Enterprises Amidst the Pandemic and Reopening: Digital Edge and Transformation

Lin Cong, Xiaohan Yang and Xiaobo Zhang

598: Building State Capacity: What Is the Impact of Development Projects?

Vincenzo Di Maro, David Evans, Stuti Khemani and Thiago Scot

597: Adolescent Girls’ Safety In and Out of School: Evidence on Physical and Sexual Violence from across Sub-Saharan Africa

David Evans, Susannah Hares, Peter Holland and Amina Acosta

596: Understanding Education Policy Preferences: Survey Experiments with Policymakers in 35 Developing Countries

Lee Crawfurd, Susannah Hares, Ana Minardi and Justin Sandefur

595: How to Recruit Teachers for Hard-to-Staff Schools: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Low- And Middle-Income Countries

David Evans and Amina Acosta

594: Girls’ Education at Scale

David Evans, Amina Acosta and Fei Yuan

593: Labour Mobility with Vocational Skill: Australian Demand and Pacific Supply

Satish Chand and Michael Clemens

592: Whatever Happened to Privatization? The World Bank and Divestiture: 1980–2020

John Nellis

591: Live Tutoring Calls Did Not Improve Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sierra Leone

Lee Crawfurd, David Evans, Susannah Hares and Justin Sandefur

590: Innovation Strategy and Economic Development

Matias Braun, Sebastián Bustos and Luis Cespedes

589: Three New Estimates of India’s All-Cause Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abhishek Anand, Justin Sandefur and Arvind Subramanian

588: Are Budget Neutral Income Floors Fiscally Viable in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Nora Lustig, Jon Jellema and Valentina Pabon

587: The Indirect Health Effects of COVID-19: Emerging Findings from Kenya, the Philippines, South Africa, and Uganda

Diana Beatriz Bayan, Carleigh Krubiner, Edwine Barasa, Claire Biribawa, Alexander Broadbent, Lyle Casas, Kalipso Chalkidou, Y-Ling Chi, Herkulaas Combrink, Okethwangu Denis, Mary Kaakyo, Evelyn Kabia, Kadondi Kasera, Jacob Kazungu, Morris Ogero, Stacey Orangi, Anton Paterno, Lydia Regan, Benjamin Smart, Piet Streicher, Justin Tan, Nazarius Tumwesigye, Valerie Ulep, Jhanna Uy, Vanessa Van and Damian Walker

586: The Unfolding of Women’s Economic Empowerment Outcomes: Time Path of Impacts in an Indonesia Trial

Mayra Buvinic, James Knowles and Firman Witoelar

585: Texts Don’t Nudge: An Adaptive Trial to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 in India

Girija Bahety, Sebastian Bauhoff, Dev Patel and James Potter

584: Can Africa Help Europe Avoid Its Looming Aging Crisis?

Charles Kenny and George Yang

583: The Insurance Cascade Framework to Diagnose Bottlenecks and Improve the Effectiveness of Health Insurance Programs: An Application to India

Sebastian Bauhoff and Nikkil Sudharsanan

582: Win-Win? The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and its Impacts on the Pakistani Economy

David Landry

581: Do High-Stakes Exams Promote Consistent Educational Standards?

Jack Rossiter, Might Abreh, Aisha Ali and Justin Sandefur

580: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Health Insurance Claims for High-Burden Diseases in the Philippines

Valerie Gilbert Ulep, Anton Paterno, Jhanna Uy, Vanessa Van, Lyle Casas and Justin Tan

579: Should Governments and Donors Prioritize Investments in Foundational Literacy and Numeracy?

David Evans and Susannah Hares

578: Management, Supervision, and Healthcare: A Field Experiment

Felipe Dunsch, David Evans, Ezinne Eze-Ajoku and Mario Macis

577: Addressing the COVID-19 Crisis’s Indirect Health Impacts for Women and Girls

Carleigh Krubiner, Megan O’Donnell, Julia Kaufman and Shelby Bourgault

576: The Gendered Dimensions of Social Protection in the COVID-19 Context

Megan O’Donnell, Mayra Buvinic, Shelby Bourgault and Brian Webster

575: Promoting Women’s Economic Empowerment in the COVID-19 Context

Megan O’Donnell, Mayra Buvinic, Charles Kenny, Shelby Bourgault and George Yang

574: The Impacts of Health Crises on Women & Girls: How Historical Evidence Can Inform Assessment and Recovery through a Gender Lens

Megan O’Donnell, Mayra Buvinic, Carleigh Krubiner and Shelby Bourgault

573: How China Lends: A Rare Look into 100 Debt Contracts with Foreign Governments

Anna Gelpern, Sebastian Horn, Scott Morris, Brad Parks and Christoph Trebesch

572: Direct and Indirect Health Effects of Lockdown in South Africa

Benjamin Smart, Herkulaas Combrink, Alex Broadbent and Piet Streicher

571: Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Services and Mitigation Measures in Uganda

Nazarius Tumwesigye, Okethwangu Denis, Mary Kaakyo and Claire Biribawa

570: Assessing the Indirect Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya

Edwine Barasa, Jacob Kazungu, Stacey Orangi, Evelyn Kabia, Morris Ogero and Kadondi Kasera

569: Health Systems Impact of COVID-19 in the Philippines

Diana Beatriz Bayani and Soon Tan

568: More Problems More Money? Does China Lend More to African Countries with Higher Credit Risk Levels?

David Landry and Gailyn Portelance

567: Can COVID-19 Induce Governments to Implement Tax Reforms in Developing Countries?

Sanjeev Gupta and Joao Jalles

566: The New Era of Unconditional Convergence

Dev Patel, Justin Sandefur and Arvind Subramanian

565: Towards Improved and More Transparent Ethics in Randomised Controlled Trials in Development Social Science

David Evans

564: We Should Be Spending More of Available Aid in Poorer Countries, Not Less

Charles Kenny

563: The Educational Impacts of Cash Transfers in Tanzania

David Evans, Charles Gale and Katrina Kosec

562: Measuring the Development Impact of the IFC and Development Finance

Charles Kenny and George Yang

561: Malaria Case Management After the Affordable Medicines Facility for Malaria (AMFm): Availability, Quality, and Market Share for ACTs in Kenya’s Private Pharmacies

Daniel Rose, Jessica Vernon, Rachel Silverman, Elizabeth Juma, Maria Dieci and Prashant Yadav

560: Global Mobility and the Threat of Pandemics: Evidence from Three Centuries

Michael Clemens and Thomas Ginn

559: Big Sisters

Pamela Jakiela, Owen Ozier, Lia Fernald and Heather Knauer

558: How to Improve Education Outcomes Most Efficiently? A Comparison of 150 Interventions Using the New Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling Metric

Noam Angrist, David Evans, Deon Filmer, Rachel Glennerster, Frederic Rogers and Shwetlena Sabarwal

557: Women’s Economic Empowerment in West Africa: Towards a Practical Research Agenda

Mayra Buvinic, Megan O’Donnell and Shelby Bourgault

556: The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns and Expanded Social Assistance on Inequality, Poverty and Mobility in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico

Nora Lustig, Valentina Pabon, Federico Sanz and Stephen Younger