Working Papers

From Center for Global Development
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638: Psychometric Quality of Measures of Learning Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Masha Bertling, Abhijeet Singh and Karthik Muralidharan

637: In-Group Bias in the Indian Judiciary: Evidence from 5 Million Criminal Cases

Elliott Ash, Sam Asher, Aditi Bhowmick, Sandeep Bhupatiraju, Daniel Chen, Tanaya Devi, Christoph Goessmann, Paul Novosad and Bilal Siddiqi

636: Protect Incomes or Protect Jobs? The Role of Social Policies in Post-pandemic Recovery

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Michael Lokshin and Iván Torre

635: Could Innovation and Productivity Drive Growth in African Countries? Lessons from Korea

Shahid Yusuf

634: Scenarios for Future Global Growth to 2050

Charles Kenny and Zachary Gehan

633: Competition and Firm Recovery Post-COVID-19

Miriam Bruhn, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Dorothe Singer

632: The Fiscal Effect of Immigration: Reducing Bias in Influential Estimates

Michael Clemens

631: Global Bank Lending under Climate Policy

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Alvaro Pedraza, Fredy Pulga and Claudia Ruiz-Ortega

630: The Ultimate Resource is Peaking

Charles Kenny

629: The Effect of Low-Skill Immigration Restrictions on US Firms and Workers: Evidence from a Randomized Lottery

Michael Clemens and Ethan Lewis

628: The Effects of Childcare on Women and Children: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Burkina Faso

Kehinde Ajayi, Aziz Dao and Estelle Koussoubé

627: The Rise of Star Firms: Intangible Capital and Competition

Meghana Ayyagari, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

626: Cash Transfers, Trust, and Inter-household Transfers: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania

David Evans and Katrina Kosec

625: Why Do Governments Cut Their Deficits? Lessons for High-Debt Countries in a Post-Pandemic World

Benedict Clements, Sanjeev Gupta, Joao Jalles and Victor Mylonas

624: Should Infrastructure Investors Care About Human Capital?

Charles Kenny and George Yang

623: Exploring the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Low-Cost Private Schools in Nairobi, Kenya

Olivier Habimana, Francis Kiroro, John Muchira, Aisha Ali, Catherine Asego, Rita Perakis and Moses Ngware

622: Contracting Out Schools at Scale: Evidence from Pakistan

Lee Crawfurd and Abdullah Alam

621: Property Tax Compliance in Tanzania: Can Nudges Help?

Matthew Collin, Vincenzo Di Maro, David Evans and Fredrick Manang

620: Declining Oil Production Leads to More Democratic Governments

Jørgen Andersen, Jonas Hamang and Michael Ross

619: Leveraging Purchasing Systems to Ensure Access, Stewardship, and Innovation: A Landscape Review of Current and Potential Market Structures for Antimicrobials

Anthony McDonnell, Katherine Klemperer, Morgan Pincombe and Javier Guzman

618: Can Digital G2P Transfers Drive Financial Inclusion and Digital Payments? Evidence from India

Alan Gelb, Anit Mukherjee and Brian Webster

617: Technology and Development: An Exploration of the Data

Charles Kenny and George Yang

616: A Higher Bar or an Obstacle Course? Peer Review and Organizational Decision-Making in an International Development Bureaucracy

Ranil Dissanayake and Euan Ritchie

615: The Global Inequality Boomerang

Ravi Kanbur, Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez and Andy Sumner

614: What Is the Point of Schooling? The Politics of Education Policy in Tanzania Since 1961

Ken Opalo

613: Meeting Health Challenges in Developing Asia with Corrective Taxes on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Unhealthy Foods

Chris Lane

612: Priorities for Strengthening Key Revenue Sources in Asia

Sanjeev Gupta and Joao Jalles

611: Fiscal Policy for Inclusive Growth in Asia

Benedict Clements, Sanjeev Gupta and Joao Jalles

610: The Economic and Fiscal Effects on the United States from Reduced Numbers of Refugees and Asylum Seekers

Michael Clemens

609: Learning Loss and Student Dropouts during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Evidence Two Years after Schools Shut Down

Laura Moscoviz and David Evans

608: The Long-Run Decline of Education Quality in the Developing World

Alexis Le Nestour, Laura Moscoviz and Justin Sandefur

607: COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Rollout in Historical Perspective

Amanda Glassman, Charles Kenny and George Yang

606: Migration on the Rise, a Paradigm in Decline: The Last Half-Century of Global Mobility

Michael Clemens

605: Decentralized Purchasing of Essential Medicines and Its Impact on Availability, Prices, and Quality: A Review of Current Evidence

Lyudmila Nepomnyashchiy and Prashant Yadav

604: Adolescent Refugee Girls’ Secondary Education in Ethiopia: An Empirical Analysis of Multiple Vulnerabilities in Low-Resource Displacement Settings

Shelby Carvalho

603: Persistent Gender Gaps in Business Profits in Indonesia: Implications for COVID-19 Recovery Policies

Mayra Buvinic, James Knowles and Firman Witoelar

602: The Impact of Private Schools, School Chains, and Public-Private Partnerships in Developing Countries

Lee Crawfurd and Susannah Hares

601: The Paradox of Gender Equality and Economic Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Land Rights

Evelyn Wamboye

600: How to Measure Student Absenteeism in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

David Evans and Amina Acosta

599: Small and Medium Enterprises Amidst the Pandemic and Reopening: Digital Edge and Transformation

Lin Cong, Xiaohan Yang and Xiaobo Zhang

598: Building State Capacity: What Is the Impact of Development Projects?

Vincenzo Di Maro, David Evans, Stuti Khemani and Thiago Scot

597: Adolescent Girls’ Safety In and Out of School: Evidence on Physical and Sexual Violence from across Sub-Saharan Africa

David Evans, Susannah Hares, Peter Holland and Amina Acosta

596: Understanding Education Policy Preferences: Survey Experiments with Policymakers in 35 Developing Countries

Lee Crawfurd, Susannah Hares, Ana Minardi and Justin Sandefur

595: How to Recruit Teachers for Hard-to-Staff Schools: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Low- And Middle-Income Countries

David Evans and Amina Acosta

594: Girls’ Education at Scale

David Evans, Amina Acosta and Fei Yuan

593: Labour Mobility with Vocational Skill: Australian Demand and Pacific Supply

Satish Chand and Michael Clemens

592: Whatever Happened to Privatization? The World Bank and Divestiture: 1980–2020

John Nellis

591: Live Tutoring Calls Did Not Improve Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sierra Leone

Lee Crawfurd, David Evans, Susannah Hares and Justin Sandefur

590: Innovation Strategy and Economic Development

Matias Braun, Sebastián Bustos and Luis Cespedes

589: Three New Estimates of India’s All-Cause Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abhishek Anand, Justin Sandefur and Arvind Subramanian