Occasional Paper Series
From European Central Bank 60640 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Contact information at EDIRC. Bibliographic data for series maintained by Official Publications (). Access Statistics for this working paper series.
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- 367: Investing in Europe’s green future: green investment needs, outlook and obstacles to funding the gap

- Carolin Nerlich, Petra Köhler-Ulbrich, Malin Andersson, Carlo Pasqua, Laurent Abraham, Krzysztof Bańkowski, Tina Emambakhsh, Annalisa Ferrando, Charlotte Grynberg, Johannes Groß, Lucia Hoendervangers, Vasileios Kostakis, Daphne Momferatou, Matthias Rau-Goehring, Desislava Rusinova, Ralph Setzer, Martina Spaggiari, Fabio Tamburrini, Josep Maria Vendrell Simon, Francesca Vinci and Erzsebet-Judit Rariga
- 366: The intersection between climate transition policies and geoeconomic fragmentation

- Pierre-François Weber, Amandine Afota, Lukas Boeckelmann, Annabelle De Gaye, Alistair Dieppe, Violaine Faubert, Fabio Grieco, Julien Le Roux, Baptiste Meunier, Bogdan Munteanu, Capucine Nobletz, Anni Norring, Thomas Reininger, Ieva Skackauskaite, Marta Suárez-Varela, Romain Svartzman, Cécile Valadier, Diana Vlajie, Lucia Wilbert, Andrea Zaghini, Maria Grazia Attinasi and Axel Brüggemann
- 365: Navigating a fragmenting global trading system: insights for central banks

- Maria Grazia Attinasi, Michele Mancini, Lukas Boeckelmann, Claire Giordano, Baptiste Meunier, Ludovic Panon, Ana M. Almeida, Irina Balteanu, Marta Bańbura, Elena Bobeica, Oscar Borgogno, Alessandro Borin, Peonare Caka, Rodolfo Campos, Juan Carluccio, Paola Di Casola, Dennis Essers, Guillaume Gaulier, Rinalds Gerinovics, Demosthenes Ioannou, Makram Khalil, Laura Lebastard, Wolfgang Lechthaler, Catalina Martínez Hernández, Richard Morris, Michele Savini Zangrandi, Katja Schmidt, Roberta Serafini, Felix Strobel, Sebastian Stumpner, Jacopo Timini, Francesca Viani, Marco Bottone, Francesco Conteduca, Bernardo De Castro Martins, Simona Giglioli, Juuso Kaaresvirta, Ambre Kutten, Noemi Matavulj, Riikka Nuutilainen, Javier Quintana and Gabriel Smagghue
- 364: A look back at 25 years of the ECB SPF

- Anastasia Allayioti, Rodolfo Arioli, Colm Bates, Vasco Botelho, Bruno Fagandini, Luís Fonseca, Peter Healy, Aidan Meyler, Ryan Minasian and Octavia Zahrt
- 363: The evolution of the supervisory reporting framework for the EU banking sector

- Paolo Poloni
- 362: Four years into NextGenerationEU: what impact on the euro area economy

- Krzysztof Bańkowski, Nicholai Benalal, Othman Bouabdallah, Roberta De Stefani, Ettore Dorrucci, Pascal Jacquinot, Wolfgang Modery, Carolin Nerlich, Marta Rodríguez-Vives, Béla Szörfi, Nico Zorell, Christoph Zwick and Christian Huber
- 361: Keep calm, but watch the outliers: deposit flows in recent crisis episodes and beyond

- Luisa Fascione, Koen Oosterhek, Beatrice Scheubel, Livio Stracca and Nadya Wildmann
- 360: The impact of central bank digital currency on central bank profitability, risk-taking and capital

- Ulrich Bindseil, Marco Marrazzo and Stephan Sauer
- 359: Geopolitics and trade in the euro area and the United States: de-risking of import supplies?

- Ivelina Ilkova, Laura Lebastard and Roberta Serafini
- 358: Implications of higher inflation and interest rates for macroprudential policy stance

- Hannah S. Hempell, Fatima Silva, Valerio Scalone, Wanda Cornacchia, Domenica Di Virgilio, Spyros Palligkinis, Anatoli Segura Velez, Tamás Borkó, Aurélien Espic, Salomón Garcia, Marcel Heires, Luis Herrera, Samu Kärkkäinen, Luke Kent, Stefan Kerbl, Sebastian Löhe, Vitor Oliveira and Paulina Steikūné
- 357: Using structural models to understand macroeconomic tail risks

- Carlos Montes-Galdón, Viktors Ajevskis, František Brázdik, Pablo Garcia, William Gatt, Diana Lima, Kostas(Konstantinos) Mavromatis, Eva Ortega, Niki Papadopoulou, Ivan De Lorenzo and Benedikt Kolb
- 356: A portfolio perspective on euro area bank profitability using stress test data

- Harun Mirza, Carmelo Salleo and Zoe Trachana
- 355: The use of the Eurosystem’s monetary policy instruments and its monetary policy implementation framework in 2022 and 2023

- Tom Hudepohl and Suzanne Malderez
- 354: The euro area business cycle and its drivers

- Diego Rodriguez Palenzuela, Lorena Saiz, Grigor Stoevsky, Mate Toth, Thomas Warmedinger and Veaceslav Grigoraș
- 353: Toss a stablecoin to your banker - Stablecoins’ impact on banks’ balance sheets and prudential ratios

- Charles-Enguerrand Coste
- 352: The sectoral systemic risk buffer: general issues and application to residential real estate-related risks

- Markus Behn, Wanda Cornacchia, Marco Forletta, Barbara Jarmulska, Cristian Perales, Ellen Ryan, Diogo Serra, Eugen Tereanu, Marcello Tumino, Daniel Abreu, Francesco Ciampi, Federica Ciocchetta, Marija Drenkovska, Benedikt Fritz, Sebastian Geiger, Mariya Melnychuk, Steffen Meusel, Alexandre Reginster, Štefan Rychtárik, Ilze Vilka and Fleurilys Virel
- 351: Digital innovation and banking regulation

- Chryssa Papathanassiou
- 350: Intangible assets of multinational enterprises in Ireland and their impact on euro area activity

- Malin Andersson, Stephen Byrne, Lorenz Emter, Belén González Pardo, Valerie Jarvis, Martin Schmitz, Nico Zorell, Nina Blatnik and Christoph Zwick
- 349: The path to the reformed EU fiscal framework: a monetary policy perspective

- Stephan Haroutunian, Krzysztof Bańkowski, Simeon Bischl, Othman Bouabdallah, Sebastian Hauptmeier, Nadine Leiner-Killinger, Marguerite O'Connell, Iñigo Arruga Oleaga, Laurent Abraham and Agnieszka Trzcinska
- 348: Advancements in stress-testing methodologies for financial stability applications

- Katarzyna Budnik, Aurea Marques, Carla Giglio, Alberto Grassi, Agha Durrani, Juan Manuel Figueres, Paul Konietschke, Catherine Le Grand, Julian Metzler, Francisco Javier Población García, Frances Shaw, Johannes Groß, Matthias Sydow, Fabio Franch, Oana-Maria Georgescu, Aljosa Ortl, Zoe Trachana and Yasmine Chalf
- 347: 2023 macroprudential stress test of the euro area banking system

- Giuseppe Cappelletti, Ivan Dimitrov, Laurynas Naruševičius, Catherine Le Grand, André Nunes, Jure Podlogar, Nicola Röhm and Lucas Ter Steege
- 346: Digital euro safeguards – protecting financial stability and liquidity in the banking sector

- Claudia Lambert, Barbara Meller, Cosimo Pancaro, Antonella Pellicani, Petya Radulova, Oscar Soons and Anton van der Kraaij
- 345: Central bank digital currency and monetary policy implementation

- Enea Caccia, Jens Tapking and Thomas Vlassopoulos
- 344: ECB macroeconometric models for forecasting and policy analysis

- Matteo Ciccarelli, Matthieu Darracq Paries, Romanos Priftis, Elena Angelini, Marta Banbura, Nikola Bokan, Gabriel Fagan, José Emilio Gumiel, Antoine Kornprobst, Magdalena Lalik, Carlos Montes-Galdón, Georg Müller, Joan Paredes, Sergio Santoro, Anders Warne, Srečko Zimic, Rodolfo Dinis Rigato, Hanno Kase, Iason Koutsoulis, Stella Brunotte, Sara Cocchi, Alessandro Giammaria, Marco Invernizzi and Eliott Von-Pine
- 343: What caused the euro area post-pandemic inflation?

- Óscar Arce, Matteo Ciccarelli, Carlos Montes-Galdón and Antoine Kornprobst
- 342: Enhancing repo market transparency: the EU Securities Financing Transactions Regulation

- Claudio Bassi, Michael Grill, Harun Mirza, O’Donnell, Charles, Michael Wedow and Felix Hermes
- 341: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy support on productivity

- Tibor Lalinsky, Sofia Anyfantaki, Konstantins Benkovskis, Antonin Bergeaud, Maurice Bun, Simon Bunel, Andrea Colciago, Jan De Mulder, Beatriz Gonzalez Lopez, Valerie Jarvis, Olegs Krasnopjorovs, Laura Lebastard, Paloma Lopez-Garcia, Fernando Martins, Philipp Meinen, Jaanika Meriküll, Miles Parker, Roberta Serafini, Béla Szörfi, Juuso Vanhala, Matjaz Volk, Marianthi Anastasatou, Davide Fantino, Jiri Havel, Dmitry Khametshin, Tetie Kolaiti, Josip Raos, Domagoj Šelebaj and Milan Vaňko
- 340: The impact of climate change and policies on productivity

- Gert Bijnens, Sofia Anyfantaki, Andrea Colciago, Jan De Mulder, Elisabeth Falck, Vincent Labhard, Paloma Lopez-Garcia, Jaanika Meriküll, Miles Parker, Oke Röhe, Joachim Schroth, Patrick Schulte, Johannes Strobel and Nuno Lourenço
- 339: Digitalisation and productivity

- Simon Bunel, Gert Bijnens, Vasco Botelho, Elisabeth Falck, Vincent Labhard, Ana Lamo, Oke Röhe, Joachim Schroth, Richard Sellner, Johannes Strobel and Brindusa Anghel
- 338: A forward-looking tracker of negotiated wages in the euro area

- Lucyna Gόrnicka, Gerrit Koester, Daniel Radowski, Erwan Gautier, Mario Izquierdo Peinado, Alfred Stiglbauer, David Wittekopf, Sergio Puente, Claudia Duarte, Fernando Martins, Gaetano Basso, Reamonn Lydon, Gasper Ploj, Marios Polemidiotis, Harri Pönkä, Meri Obstbaum, Pavlos Petroulas, Cindy Veiga, Jan Beka, Nicola Benatti, Bruno Fagandini, Peter Healy, Raffaella Nizzi, Fabrizio Colonna, Maikel Volkerink, Christos Antonopoulos, Matthias Bing, Evgeni Piryankov, Angel Luis Gomez Jimenez, Yves Saks, Barbara Coppens, D’Amuri, Francesco, Justina Zajankauskaitė, Kristupas Pribuišis, Mojca Lindič, Michal Doliak, Aurora Monza, Marc Roca I Llevadot, Gaetano Polichetti and Giulia Gardin
- 337: Challenges for monetary and fiscal policy interactions in the post-pandemic era

- Dennis Bonam, Matteo Ciccarelli, Sandra Gomes, Pierre Aldama, Krzysztof Bańkowski, Ginters Buss, José Cardoso da Costa, Kai Christoffel, Michaela Elfsbacka Schmöller, Pascal Jacquinot, Iván Kataryniuk, Magali Marx, Kostas(Konstantinos) Mavromatis, Stéphane Moyen, Ivan Mužić, Alessandro Notarpietro, Dimitris Papageorgiou, Ansgar Rannenberg, Ifigeneia Skotida, Othman Bouabdallah, Michael Dobrew, Sebastian Hauptmeier, Fédéric Holm-Hadulla, Michal Brzoza-Brzezina, Samuel Hurtado, Marcin Kolasa, Valeria Patella, Théodore Renault, Ruben Dominguez-Diaz, Wolfgang Lechthaler, Nigel McClung, Tomáš Šestořád, Edgar Silgado-Gómez, Martin Železník, Leopold von Thadden and Carolina Menéndez-Álvarez
- 336: NGFS climate scenarios for the euro area: role of fiscal and monetary policy conduct

- Matthieu Darracq Paries, Stephane Dees, Annabelle De Gaye, Laura Parisi and Yiqiao Sun
- 335: The impact of the euro area economy and banks on biodiversity

- Andrej Ceglar, Simone Boldrini, Chiara Lelli, Laura Parisi and Irene Heemskerk
- 334: An examination of net-zero commitments by the world’s largest banks

- Georgia Lialiouti, Raphael Poignet, Carlo Di Maio, Maria Dimitropoulou, Zoe Lola Farkas, Sem Houben, Katharina Plavec and Eline Elisabeth Maria Verhoeff
- 333: Living in a world of disappearing nature: physical risk and the implications for financial stability

- Chiara Lelli, Laura Parisi, Irene Heemskerk, Simone Boldrini and Andrej Ceglar
- 332: The effects of high inflation on public finances in the euro area

- Krzysztof Bańkowski, Cristina Checherita-Westphal, Julia Jesionek, Philip Muggenthaler, Mario Alloza Frutos, Aristoklis Avgousti, Clémence Briodeau, Baiba Brusbārde, Francesco Caprioli, Olivier Delobbe, Ronan Hickey, Jip Italianer, Jarkko Kivistö, Jan Kuckuck, Jorge Martínez-Pagés, Barbora Palášthyová, Dimitrios Papaoikonomou, Doris Prammer, Fabrizio Renzi, Mojca Roter, Kurt Sant, Sharmin Sazedj, Katja Schmidt, Ruben Schoonackers, Viktorija Strazdaite, Andreja Strojan-Kastelec and Katri Urke
- 331: The future of DAOs in finance - in need of legal status

- Ellen Naudts
- 330: Inflation, fiscal policy and inequality

- Henrique Basso, Maria Flevotomou, Maximilian Freier, Myroslav Pidkuyko, Antonio Amores, Simeon Bischl, Paola De Agostini, Silvia De Poli, Emanuele Dicarlo, Sofia Maier, Esteban Garcia-Miralles, Mattia Ricci and Sara Riscado
- 329: How usable are capital buffers?

- Georg Leitner, Michal Dvořák, Alessandro Magi and Balázs Zsámboki
- 328: The Road to Paris: stress testing the transition towards a net-zero economy

- Tina Emambakhsh, Maximilian Fuchs, Simon Kördel, Charalampos Kouratzoglou, Chiara Lelli, Riccardo Pizzeghello, Carmelo Salleo and Martina Spaggiari
- 327: Understanding the profitability gap between euro area and US global systemically important banks

- Natalia Martín Fuentes, Luca Di Vito and João Matos Leite
- 326: Know your (holding) limits: CBDC, financial stability and central bank reliance

- Barbara Meller and Oscar Soons
- 325: Inflation heterogeneity at the household level

- Georg Strasser, Teresa Messner, Fabio Rumler and Miguel Ampudia
- 324: Price setting during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

- Lukas Henkel, Elisabeth Wieland, Aneta Błażejowska, Cristina Conflitti, Brian Fabo, Ludmila Fadejeva, Jana Jonckheere, Peter Karadi, Paweł Macias, Jan-Oliver Menz, Pascal Seiler and Karol Szafranek
- 323: Measuring inflation with heterogeneous preferences, taste shifts and product innovation: methodological challenges and evidence from microdata

- Chiara Osbat, Cristina Conflitti, Martin Eiglsperger, Bernhard Goldhammer, Friderike Kuik, Jan-Oliver Menz, Fabio Rumler, Marta Saez Moreno, Lina Segers, Elisabeth Wieland, Gian-Pietro Bellocca, Boriss Siliverstovs and Anaëlle Touré
- 322: Micro price heterogeneity and optimal inflation

- Sergio Santoro and Henning Weber
- 321: Some implications of micro price-setting evidence for inflation dynamics and monetary transmission

- Luca Dedola, Erwan Gautier, Anton Nakov, Sergio Santoro, Emmanuel De Veirman, Lukas Henkel and Bruno Fagandini
- 320: E-commerce and price setting: evidence from Europe

- Georg Strasser, Elisabeth Wieland, Paweł Macias, Aneta Błażejowska, Karol Szafranek, David Wittekopf, Jörn Franke, Lukas Henkel and Chiara Osbat
- 319: Price adjustment in the euro area in the low-inflation period: evidence from consumer and producer micro price data

- Erwan Gautier, Peter Karadi, Cristina Conflitti, Brian Fabo, Ludmila Fadejeva, Catherine Fuss, Theodora Kosma, Valentin Jouvanceau, Fernando Martins, Jan-Oliver Menz, Teresa Messner, Pavlos Petroulas, Pau Roldan-Blanco, Fabio Rumler, Sergio Santoro, Domingos Seward, Emmanuel De Veirman, Elisabeth Wieland, Ladislav Wintr, Jesse Wursten, Hélène Zimmer, Juergen Amann, Riemer Faber, Javier Sánchez Bachiller and Irina Stanga
- 318: Enhancing climate resilience of monetary policy implementation in the euro area

- Jana Aubrechtova, Elke Heinle, Rafel Moyà Porcel, Boris Osorno Torres, Anamaria Piloiu, Ricardo Queiroz, Torsti Silvonen and Lia Vaz Cruz
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