Parental Leave Reform and Long-Run Earnings of Mothers

Corinna Frodermann (), Katharina Wrohlich and Aline Zucco ()
Additional contact information
Corinna Frodermann: Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg
Aline Zucco: DIW Berlin

No 12935, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: Paid parental leave schemes have been shown to increase women's employment rates but decrease their wages in case of extended leave durations. In view of these potential trade-offs, many countries are discussing the optimal design of parental leave policies. We analyze the impact of a major parental leave reform on mothers' long-term earnings. The 2007 German parental leave reform replaced a means-tested benefit with a more generous earnings-related benefit that is granted for a shorter period of time. Additionally, a "daddy quota" of two months was introduced. To identify the causal effect of this policy on long-run earnings of mothers, we use a difference-in-difference approach that compares labor market outcomes of mothers who gave birth just before and right after the reform and nets out seasonal effects by including the year before. Using administrative social security data, we confirm previous findings and show that the average duration of employment interruptions increased for high-income mothers. Nevertheless, we find a positive long-run effect on earnings for mothers in this group. This effect cannot be explained by changes in working hours, observed characteristics, changes in employer stability or fertility patterns. Descriptive evidence suggests that the stronger involvement of fathers, incentivized by the "daddy months", could have facilitated mothers' re-entry into the labor market and thereby increased earnings. For mothers with low prior-to-birth earnings, however, we do not find any beneficial labor market effects of this parental leave reform.

Keywords: parental leave; wages; labor supply (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: H31 J13 J22 J24 J31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 47 pages
Date: 2020-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dem, nep-law and nep-lma
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Published - revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 80, 102296

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Related works:
Working Paper: Parental Leave Reform and Long-Run Earnings of Mothers (2020)
Working Paper: Parental leave reform and long-run earnings of mothers (2020)
Working Paper: Parental Leave Reform and Long-run Earnings of Mothers (2020)
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