Understanding the Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Women

Claudia Goldin

No 29974, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: The impact of the pandemic on the employment, labor supply, and caregiving of women is assessed. Compared with previous recessions, that induced by COVID-19 impacted women’s employment and labor force participation more relative to men. But the big divide was less between men and women than it was between the more- and the less-educated. Contrary to many accounts, women did not exit the labor force in large numbers, and they did not greatly decrease their hours of work. The aggregate female labor force participation rate did not plummet. The ability to balance caregiving and work differed greatly by education, occupation, and race. The more educated could work from home. Those who began the period employed in various in-person “service” occupations and establishments experienced large reductions in employment. Black women were more negatively impacted beyond other factors considered and the health impact of COVID-19 is a probable reason. The estimation of the pandemic’s impact depends on the counterfactual used. The real story of women during the pandemic concerns the fact that employed women who were educating their children, and working adult daughters who were caring for their parents, were stressed because they were in the labor force, not because they left.

JEL-codes: J0 J20 J21 J22 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022-04
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-gen, nep-hea and nep-lma
Note: CH DAE LS
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (18)

Published as Claudia Goldin, 2022. "Understanding the Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Women," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, vol 2022(1), pages 65-139.

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