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50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership

Francine Blau and Lisa Lynch

No 32820, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of what has happened over the past fifty years for women as they worked to break through professional barriers in economics, policy, and institutional leadership. We chart the progress of women in higher education at the college level and beyond and then go on to examine women’s representation at the upper levels of academia, government, law, medicine, and management. We begin our description of trends in 1972 when Title IX was enacted, prohibiting sex-based discrimination in federally funded educational programs. The data paint a picture of considerable progress but also persistent inequities. We then go on to consider possible explanations for the continuing gender differences and some of the empirical evidence on the factors identified.

JEL-codes: J0 J01 J10 J16 J2 J21 J24 J7 J70 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-gen, nep-his, nep-lab and nep-sog
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