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Deforestation and forest degradation are estimated to account for between 12 percent and 20 percent of annual greenhouse gas emissions. These activities, largely in the developing world, released about 5.8 Gt per year in the 1990s, which was more than all forms of transport combined. The idea behind REDD+ is that payments for sequestering carbon can tip the economic balance away from loss of forests and in the process yield climate benefits. Recent analysis has suggested that developing country carbon sequestration can effectively compete with other climate investments as part of a cost-effective climate policy. This paper focuses on opportunities and complications associated with bringing community-controlled forests into REDD+. About 25 percent of developing country forests are community controlled; therefore, it is difficult to envision a successful REDD+ program without coming to terms with community controlled forests. It is widely agreed that REDD+ offers opportunities to bring value to developing country forests, but there are also concerns related to insecure and poorly defined community forest tenure, informed by often long histories of government unwillingness to meaningfully devolve ownership rights to communities. Further, because communities are complicated systems, there is also concern that REDD+ could destabilize existing well-functioning community forestry systems: Randall Bluffstone, Elizabeth Robinson and Paul Guthiga
Testing for Avoidance of Environmental Obligations: Lucija Muehlenbachs
Evaluation of the Status of the Namibian Hake Resource (Merluccius spp.) Using Statistical Catch-at-Age Analysis: Carola Kirchner, Paul Kainge and Johannes Kathena
Flexible Mandates for Investment in New Technology: Dalia Patino Echeverri, Dallas Burtraw and Karen Palmer
Cooperation and Climate Change: Can Communication Facilitate the Provision of Public Goods in Heterogeneous Settings?: Kerri Brick, Zoe Van der Hoven and Martine Visser
Secular Trends, Environmental Regulation, and Electricity Markets: Dallas Burtraw, Karen Palmer, Anthony Paul and Matt Woerman
Abalone Conservation in the Presence of Drug Use and Corruption: Implications for Its Management in South Africa: Edwin Muchapondwa, Kerri Brick and Martine Visser
Alternative Climate Policies and Intertemporal Emissions Leakage: Quantifying the Green Paradox: Carolyn Fischer and Stephen Salant
Evaluating the Prospects of Benefit Sharing Schemes in Protecting Mountain Gorillas in Central Africa: Samson Mukanjari, Edwin Muchapondwa, Precious Zikhali and Birgit Bednar-Friedl
The Impact on Japanese Industry of Alternative Carbon Mitigation Policies: Makoto Sugino, Toshi Arimura and Richard Morgenstern
Automobile Usage and Urban Rail Transit Expansion: Lunyu Xie
Climate Policy and Fiscal Constraints: Do Tax Interactions Outweigh Carbon Leakage?: Carolyn Fischer and Alan Fox
Aviation, Carbon, and the Clean Air Act: Nathan Richardson
California’s New Gold: A Primer on the Use of Allowance Value Created under the CO2 Cap-and-Trade Program: Dallas Burtraw, David McLaughlin and Sarah Jo Szambelan
For the Benefit of California Electricity Ratepayers: Electricity Sector Options for the Use of Allowance Value Created under California’s Cap-and-Trade Program: Dallas Burtraw, David McLaughlin and Sarah Joh Szambelan
The Health Effects of Coal Electricity Generation in India: Maureen Cropper, Shama Gamkhar, Kabir Malik, Alex Limonov and Ian Partridge
Carbon Pricing with Output-Based Subsidies: Impacts on U.S. Industries over Multiple Time Frames: Liwayway Adkins, Richard Garbaccio, Mun Ho, Eric Moore and Richard Morgenstern
Informing Climate Adaptation: A Review of the Economic Costs of Natural Disasters, Their Determinants, and Risk Reduction Options: Carolyn Kousky
Does the Substitutability of Public Transit Affect Commuters’ Response to Gasoline Price Changes?: Elisheba Spiller, Heather M. Stephens, Christopher Timmins and Allison Smith
The Heterogeneous Effects of Gasoline Taxes: Why Where We Live Matters: Elisheba Spiller and Heather M. Stephens
Comments on EPA’s proposed Carbon Pollution Standard for New Power Plants: Dallas Burtraw, Art Fraas, Karen Palmer and Nathan Richardson
Cap-and-Trade Programs under Delayed Compliance: Makoto Hasegawa and Stephen Salant
Cap-and-Trade Programs under Delayed Compliance: Makoto Hasegawa and Stephen Salant
Cap-and-Trade Programs under Continual Compliance: Makoto Hasegawa and Stephen Salant
Using Vehicle Taxes to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rates of New Passenger Vehicles: Evidence from France, Germany, and Sweden: Thomas Klier and Joshua Linn
The Effect of Voluntary Brownfields Programs on Nearby Property Values: Evidence from Illinois: Joshua Linn
Fiscal Incentives and Environmental Infrastructure in China: Antung Anthony Liu and Junjie Zhang
Tax Evasion and Optimal Environmental Taxes: Antung Anthony Liu
The Equilibrium Price Path of Timber in the Absence of Replanting: Stephen Salant
The Institutional Blind Spot in Environmental Economics: Dallas Burtraw
How Should Benefits and Costs Be Discounted in an Intergenerational Context?: Maureen Cropper
The Choice of Discount Rate for Climate Change Policy Evaluation: Lawrence H. Goulder and Roberton Williams
The Informational Role of Spot Prices and Inventories: James Smith and Rex Thompson
Policies To Encourage Home Energy Efficiency Improvements: Comparing Loans, Subsidies, and Standards: Margaret Walls
US Status on Climate Change Mitigation: Dallas Burtraw and Matt Woerman
Markets for Development Rights: Lessons Learned from Three Decades of a TDR Program: Margaret Walls
Does Tourism Eco-Certification Pay? Costa Rica’s Blue Flag Program: Allen Blackman, María Angélica Naranjo, Juan Robalino, Francisco Alpizar Rodriguez and Jorge Rivera
Carbon Markets: Past, Present, and Future: Richard Newell, William Pizer and Daniel Raimi
Modeling the Electricity Sector: A Summary of Recent Analyses of New EPA Regulations: Blair Beasley and Daniel Morris
How Should Benefits and Costs Be Discounted in an Intergenerational Context? The Views of an Expert Panel: Kenneth Arrow, Maureen Cropper, Christian Gollier, Ben Groom, Geoffrey Heal, Richard Newell, William Nordhaus, Robert Pindyck, William Pizer, Paul R. Portney, Thomas Sterner, Richard Tol and Martin Weitzman
Designing Renewable Electricity Policies to Reduce Emissions: Harrison Fell, Joshua Linn and Clayton Munnings
The Value of Climate Amenities: Evidence from US Migration Decisions: Paramita Sinha and Maureen Cropper
Thanks but No Thanks: A New Policy to Avoid Land Conflict: Martin Dufwenberg, KÃ¶hlin, Gunnar, Peter Martinsson and Haileselassie Medhin
Bridging the Energy Efficiency Gap: Insights for Policy from Economic Theory and Empirical Analysis: Kenneth Gillingham and Karen Palmer
The Distributive Effect and Food Security Implications of Biofuels Investment in Ethiopia: A CGE Analysis: Zenebe Gebreegziabher, Alemu Mekonnen, Tadele Ferede, Fantu Guta, Levin, JÃ¶rgen, KÃ¶hlin, Gunnar, Tekie Alemu and Lars Bohlin
Bridging the Energy Efficiency Gap: Policy Insights from Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence: Kenneth Gillingham and Karen Palmer
The Dynamics of Electric Cookstove Adoption: Panel Data Evidence from Ethiopia: Yonas Alem, Sied Hassen and Gunnar Köhlin
Economic Ideas for a Complex Climate Policy Regime: Dallas Burtraw and Matt Woerman
Linking by Degrees: Incremental Alignment of Cap-and-Trade Markets: Dallas Burtraw, Karen Palmer, Clayton Munnings, Paige Weber and Matt Woerman
On Social Sanctions and Beliefs: A Pollution Norm Example: Jorge García and Jiegen Wei

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