Details about Sarah L Stafford

Access statistics for papers by Sarah L Stafford.

Last updated 2026-07-29. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pst1072

Working Papers

2013

1. How Predictable are Environmental Compliance Inspections?
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary View citations (1)
   See also Journal Article How predictable are environmental compliance inspections?, Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer (2013) View citations (1) (2013)
2. Will Additional Federal Enforcement Improve the Performance of Pipelines in the U.S.?
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary
   See also Journal Article Will additional federal enforcement improve the performance of pipelines in the U.S.?, International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier (2014) View citations (3) (2014)

2012

3. Firm Decision-making Structure and Compliance with Environmental Regulations: Evidence from Environmental Auditing
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary
   Also in Working Papers, Sam Houston State University, Department of Economics and International Business (2012)
4. What Affects the Environmental Performance of Pipelines in the US? An Empirical Analysis
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary

2011

5. Do Environmental Audits Improve Long-term Compliance? Evidence from Manufacturing Facilities in Michigan
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary View citations (14)
   Also in Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary (2011) View citations (13)
   See also Journal Article Do environmental audits improve long-term compliance? Evidence from manufacturing facilities in Michigan, Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer (2011) View citations (14) (2011)
6. Private Policing of Environmental Performance: Does it Further Public Goals?
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary

2010

7. How Green is Your Campus? An Analysis of the Factors that Drive Universities to Embrace Sustainability
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary
   See also Journal Article HOW GREEN IS YOUR CAMPUS? AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS THAT DRIVE UNIVERSITIES TO EMBRACE SUSTAINABILITY, Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International (2011) View citations (5) (2011)
8. Management of Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Land
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary View citations (3)
   Also in Departmental Working Papers, Rutgers University, Department of Economics (2010) View citations (3)
   See also Journal Article Management of Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Land, Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews (2011) View citations (10) (2011)
9. Outsourcing Enforcement: Principles to Guide Self-Policing Regimes
   Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary

2009

10. An Experimental Study of the Effect of Announcements on Public Goods Contributions
    Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary View citations (6)

2006

11. Self-Policing in a Targeted Enforcement Regime
    Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Self‐Policing in a Targeted Enforcement Regime, Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons (2008) (2008)
12. Should You Turn Yourself In? The Consequences of Environmental Self-Policing
    Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Should you turn yourself in? The consequences of environmental self-policing, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2007) View citations (19) (2007)

2005

13. Can Consumers Enforce Environmental Regulations? The Role of the Market in Hazardous Waste Compliance
    Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary
    See also Journal Article Can consumers enforce environmental regulations? The role of the market in hazardous waste compliance, Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer (2007) View citations (9) (2007)
14. Does Crime Pay? A Classroom Demonstration of Monitoring and Enforcement
    Working Papers, Economics Department, William & Mary
    See also Journal Article Does Crime Pay? A Classroom Demonstration of Monitoring and Enforcement, Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons (2006) View citations (1) (2006)

Journal Articles

2025

1. How Is Climate Change Impacting the Educational Choices and Career Plans of Undergraduates?
   Sustainability, 2025, 17, (14), 1-18

2021

2. Emphasizing Distributional Impacts in Teaching Solutions to Market Failures
   International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, 2021, 15, (3), 175-202 View citations (1)
3. Regulating hazardous wastes under U.S. environmental federalism: The role of state resources
   Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2021, 108, (C) View citations (9)

2019

4. The Clean Air Act Watch List and federal oversight of state enforcement efforts
   Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2019, 93, (C), 170-184 View citations (11)

2017

5. An analysis of methods for identifying social vulnerability to climate change and sea level rise: a case study of Hampton Roads, Virginia
   Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2017, 85, (2), 1089-1117 View citations (8)
6. Pipeline Performance and Safety in a Federal System: A Study of Natural Gas Pipeline Enforcement by States in the USA
   Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 2017, 51, (3), 193--207
7. WERE THE 1982 MERGER GUIDELINES OLD NEWS?
   Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 2017, 13, (4), 577-608

2015

8. Standardization and the impacts of voluntary program participation: Evidence from environmental auditing
   International Review of Law and Economics, 2015, 43, (C), 10-21 View citations (1)

2014

9. Will additional federal enforcement improve the performance of pipelines in the U.S.?
   International Review of Law and Economics, 2014, 37, (C), 137-146 View citations (3)
   See also Working Paper Will Additional Federal Enforcement Improve the Performance of Pipelines in the U.S.?, Working Papers (2013) (2013)

2013

10. How predictable are environmental compliance inspections?
    Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2013, 44, (3), 361-388 View citations (1)
    See also Working Paper How Predictable are Environmental Compliance Inspections?, Working Papers (2013) View citations (1) (2013)

2012

11. Do Carrots Work? Examining the Effectiveness of EPA's Compliance Assistance Program
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2012, 31, (3), 533-555 View citations (3)

2011

12. Do environmental audits improve long-term compliance? Evidence from manufacturing facilities in Michigan
    Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2011, 40, (3), 279-302 View citations (14)
    See also Working Paper Do Environmental Audits Improve Long-term Compliance? Evidence from Manufacturing Facilities in Michigan, Working Papers (2011) View citations (14) (2011)
13. HOW GREEN IS YOUR CAMPUS? AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS THAT DRIVE UNIVERSITIES TO EMBRACE SUSTAINABILITY
    Contemporary Economic Policy, 2011, 29, (3), 337-356 View citations (5)
    See also Working Paper How Green is Your Campus? An Analysis of the Factors that Drive Universities to Embrace Sustainability, Working Papers (2010) (2010)
14. Management of Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Land
    Annual Review of Resource Economics, 2011, 3, (1), 255-275 View citations (10)
    See also Working Paper Management of Hazardous Waste and Contaminated Land, Working Papers (2010) View citations (3) (2010)

2010

15. Caught between "The Rock" and A Hard Place
    American Journal of Public Health, 2010, 100, (5), 784-789

2009

16. Individual decision-making experiments with risk and intertemporal choice
    Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2009, 38, (1), 51-72 View citations (30)

2008

17. Self‐Policing in a Targeted Enforcement Regime
    Southern Economic Journal, 2008, 74, (4), 934-951
    See also Working Paper Self-Policing in a Targeted Enforcement Regime, Working Papers (2006) View citations (1) (2006)

2007

18. Can consumers enforce environmental regulations? The role of the market in hazardous waste compliance
    Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2007, 31, (1), 83-107 View citations (9)
    See also Working Paper Can Consumers Enforce Environmental Regulations? The Role of the Market in Hazardous Waste Compliance, Working Papers (2005) (2005)
19. Should you turn yourself in? The consequences of environmental self-policing
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2007, 26, (2), 305-326 View citations (19)
    See also Working Paper Should You Turn Yourself In? The Consequences of Environmental Self-Policing, Working Papers (2006) View citations (1) (2006)

2006

20. Does Crime Pay? A Classroom Demonstration of Monitoring and Enforcement
    Southern Economic Journal, 2006, 72, (4), 1016-1025 View citations (1)
    See also Working Paper Does Crime Pay? A Classroom Demonstration of Monitoring and Enforcement, Working Papers (2005) (2005)
21. Rational or Confused Polluters? Evidence from Hazardous Waste Compliance
    The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2006, 5, (1), 33
    Also in The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2006, 5, (1), 33 (2006) View citations (8)
22. STATE ADOPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT INITIATIVES
    Contemporary Economic Policy, 2006, 24, (1), 172-187 View citations (6)

2005

23. The Campus Parking Game: A Demonstration of Price Discrimination and Efficiency
    Southern Economic Journal, 2005, 71, (3), 668-682 View citations (1)

2004

24. Progress Toward Title IX Compliance: The Effect of Formal and Informal Enforcement Mechanisms*
    Social Science Quarterly, 2004, 85, (5), 1469-1486 View citations (3)

2003

25. An Experimental Analysis of Rent Seeking under Varying Competitive Conditions
    Public Choice, 2003, 115, (1-2), 199-216 View citations (99)
26. Assessing the Effectiveness of State Regulation and Enforcement of Hazardous Waste
    Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2003, 23, (1), 27-41 View citations (36)
27. Network Externalities and Standardization: A Classroom Demonstration
    Southern Economic Journal, 2003, 69, (4), 1000-1008 View citations (2)
28. Punishment in a Regulatory Setting: Experimental Evidence from the VCM
    Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2003, 24, (1), 91-110 View citations (50)

2002

29. The Effect of Punishment on Firm Compliance with Hazardous Waste Regulations
    Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2002, 44, (2), 290-308 View citations (87)

2000

30. Choosing Winners and Losers in a Classroom Permit Trading Game
    Southern Economic Journal, 2000, 67, (1), 212-219 View citations (1)
31. The Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Location of Firms in the Hazardous Waste Management Industry
    Land Economics, 2000, 76, (4), 569-589 View citations (12)