Details about Georg Zachmann

Homepage:	http://www.zachmann.be
Workplace:	Bruegel, (more information at EDIRC)

Access statistics for papers by Georg Zachmann.

Last updated 2026-03-16. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pza66

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Working Papers

2026

1. Better coordination for a more efficient European energy system
   Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel
2. Defragmenting European Union climate policy
   Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel

2025

3. Europe’s electricity capacity mechanisms need to be better coordinated
   Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel
4. Europe’s energy information problem
   Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel
5. Making the best of the new EU Social Climate Fund
   Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (2)
6. Upgrading Europe's electricity grid is about more than just money
   Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel
7. Who should be charged? Principles for fair allocation of electricity system costs
   Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel

2024

8. Europe’s under-the-radar industrial policy- intervention in electricity pricing
   Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (2)
9. Macroeconomics of decarbonisation
   ULB Institutional Repository, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles
   See also Book The Macroeconomics of Decarbonisation, Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press (2024) (2024)
10. The changing dynamics of European electricity markets and the supply-demand mismatch risk
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (2)
11. Ukraine’s path to European Union membership and its long-term implications
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel
12. Unity in power, power in unity- why the EU needs more integrated electricity markets
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (3)
13. Watts Next: Securing Europe’s Energy and Competitiveness - Where the EU’s Energy Policy Should Go Now
    EconPol Policy Reports, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich

2023

14. A new governance framework to safeguard the European Green Deal
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (1)
15. Adjusting to the energy shock- the right policies for European industry
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (2)
16. Nicht einmal eine Rezession: Die große deutsche Gasdebatte im Rückblick
    ECONtribute Policy Brief Series, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany
17. Phased European Union electricity market reform
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel
18. Preparing for the next winter- Europe’s gas outlook for 2023
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (3)
19. The EU can manage without Russian liquified natural gas
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (4)
20. The Power of Substitution: The Great German Gas Debate in Retrospect
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (3)
    Also in LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library (2023) View citations (11)
    Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL (2023)
    See also Journal Article The Power of Substitution: The Great German Gas Debate in Retrospect, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution (2023) View citations (11) (2023)

2022

21. A European policy mix to address food insecurity linked to Russia’s war
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (1)
22. A grand bargain to steer through the European Union’s energy crisis
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (2)
23. An assessment of Europe’s options for addressing the crisis in energy markets
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (1)
24. Cutting Putin’s Energy Rent: 'Smart Sanctioning' Russian Oil and Gas
    Growth Lab Working Papers, Harvard's Growth Lab
    Also in CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University (2022) View citations (1)
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel (2022) View citations (1)
25. Decarbonisation of the energy system
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (1)
26. Greening Europe’s post-Covid recovery
    ULB Institutional Repository, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles View citations (1)
27. How it can be done
    ECONtribute Policy Brief Series, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany View citations (4)
    Also in Working Papers, HAL (2022) View citations (3)
    Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL (2022) View citations (3)
28. How to make the EU Energy Platform an effective emergency tool
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (3)
29. The Kremlin’s gas wars: How Europe can protect itself from Russian blackmail
    ULB Institutional Repository, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles
30. The role of competition in the transition to climate neutrality
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel
31. Wie es zu schaffen ist
    ECONtribute Policy Brief Series, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany View citations (4)

2021

32. A whole-economy carbon price for Europe and how to get there
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (9)
33. Commercialisation contracts- European support for low-carbon technology deployment
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel
34. Connecting Ukraine to Europe's electricity grid: Technical details and hard geopolitics
    SWP Comments, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs View citations (1)
35. Die Anbindung der Ukraine an Europas Stromsystem: Zwischen technischen Details und harter Geopolitik
    SWP-Aktuell, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs
36. Instruments of a strategic foreign economic policy: Study for the German Federal Foreign Office
    Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel Institute for the World Economy
37. Navigating through hydrogen
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (1)

2020

38. A European carbon border tax- much pain, little gain
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (30)
39. Greening the recovery by greening the fiscal consolidation
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel
40. Racing against COVID-19- a vaccines strategy for Europe
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (3)
41. Six years after Ukraine’s Euromaidan- reforms and challenges ahead
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (2)
42. Understanding the European Union’s regional potential in low-carbon technologies
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel

2019

43. Estimating the cost of capital for wind energy investments in Turkey
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel View citations (11)
    See also Journal Article Estimating the cost of capital for wind energy investments in Turkey, Energy Policy, Elsevier (2019) View citations (11) (2019)
44. How to make the European Green Deal work
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (40)
45. The European Union energy transition- key priorities for the next five years
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (51)
    See also Journal Article The European union energy transition: Key priorities for the next five years, Energy Policy, Elsevier (2019) View citations (46) (2019)
46. The European Union-Russia-China energy triangle
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel

2018

47. Addressing Europe’s failure to clean up the transport sector
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (2)

2017

48. A new strategy for European Union-Turkey energy cooperation
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel
49. The carbon buyers’ club- international emissions trading beyond Paris
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel

2016

50. An approach to identify the sources of low-carbon growth for Europe
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (1)
51. Energy across the Mediterranean- a call for realism
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (1)
52. Going local- empowering cities to lead EU decarbonisation
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel
53. Rethinking the security of the European Union’s gas supply
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (4)

2015

54. Can a global climate risk pool help the most vulnerable countries?
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel
55. Designing a new EU-Turkey strategic gas partnership
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel
56. European climate finance- securing the best return
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (1)
57. Making low-carbon technology support smarter
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (2)
58. Risk hedging and competition: the case of electricity markets
    EcoMod2015, EcoMod

2014

59. A flexible, scaleable approach to the international patent 'name game'
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel View citations (1)
60. A scaleable approach to emissions-innovation record linkage
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel View citations (1)
61. Elements of Europe's energy union
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (1)
62. Rebalancing the EU-Russia-Ukraine gas relationship
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (2)
63. Remerge- regression-based record linkage with an application to PATSTAT
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel View citations (2)
64. When and how to support renewables? Letting the data speak
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel View citations (17)

2013

65. Electricity infrastructure- More border crossings or a borderless Europe?
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (2)
66. You'd better bet on the ETS
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (1)

2012

67. Cutting carbon, not the economy
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel
68. How wide is the Mediterrenean?
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel
69. Private long-term investment in uncertain times
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel
70. Smart choices for growth
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel View citations (3)

2011

71. Assessing the impact of the EU ETS using firm level data
    Working Papers of BETA, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg View citations (137)
    Also in Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel (2011) View citations (127)
72. Eastern European Lessons for the Southern Mediterranean ?
    ULB Institutional Repository, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles
    Also in Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel (2011)
73. Green exports and the global product space- Prospects for EU industrial policy
    Bruegel Working Papers, Bruegel View citations (18)
74. Is European climate policy the new CAP?
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (1)

2010

75. Catching the maximum market value of electricity storage – technical, economic and regulatory aspect
    RSCAS Working Papers, European University Institute View citations (5)
76. Power to the people of Europe
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (3)
77. Rare earth - no case for government intervention
    Bruegel Policy Brief, Bruegel View citations (3)
78. The Dynamics of Global Crude Oil Production
    Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research View citations (2)

2009

79. Memo to the new Commissioner for Energy
    Bruegel Policy Contributions, Bruegel

2007

80. A Markov Switching Model of the Merit Order to Compare British and German Price Formation
    Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research View citations (10)
81. First Evidence of Asymmetric Cost Pass-Through of EU Emissions Allowances: Examining Wholesale Electricity Prices in Germany
    Working Papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research
    Also in Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research (2007) View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article First evidence of asymmetric cost pass-through of EU emissions allowances: Examining wholesale electricity prices in Germany, Economics Letters, Elsevier (2008) View citations (98) (2008)

2005

82. Convergence of Electricity Wholesale Prices in Europe?: A Kalman Filter Approach
    Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research View citations (13)

Journal Articles

2025

1. A Strawman Proposal to Use International Flexibility in Achieving Developed Countries Climate Targets to Catalyse Global Decarbonisation
   The Economists' Voice, 2025, 22, (2), 339-348

2024

2. Coordination for EU Competitiveness
   EconPol Forum, 2024, 25, (03), 05-09 View citations (1)
3. Key Post-Crisis Challenges and Lessons for EU Energy Policy
   EconPol Forum, 2024, 25, (03), 10-14
4. Strommarkt: Einheitliche Gebotszone aufteilen
   Wirtschaftsdienst, 2024, 104, (8), 514-515
5. Three different directions in which the European Union could replace Russian natural gas
   Energy, 2024, 290, (C) View citations (7)

2023

6. Can Europe live without Russian natural gas?
   The World Economy, 2023, 46, (4), 897-905
7. Green transition: create a European energy agency
   Nature, 2023, 616, (7958), 661-661
8. How would the European Union fare without Russian energy?
   Energy Policy, 2023, 174, (C) View citations (23)
9. The Power of Substitution: The Great German Gas Debate in Retrospect
   Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2023, 54, (2 (Fall)), 395-481 View citations (11)
   See also Working Paper The Power of Substitution: The Great German Gas Debate in Retrospect, Post-Print (2023) View citations (3) (2023)

2022

10. Zukunft des europäischen Energiesystems: Die Zeichen stehen auf Strom
    DIW Wochenbericht, 2022, 89, (6), 75-82

2021

11. Assessing the Distributional Effects of the European Green Deal
    CESifo Forum, 2021, 22, (05), 03-09 View citations (1)
12. Perspective of comprehensive and comprehensible multi-model energy and climate science in Europe
    Energy, 2021, 215, (PA) View citations (19)

2020

13. Exploring EU’s Regional Potential in Low-Carbon Technologies
    Sustainability, 2020, 13, (1), 1-28 View citations (2)

2019

14. Estimating the cost of capital for wind energy investments in Turkey
    Energy Policy, 2019, 131, (C), 295-301 View citations (11)
    See also Working Paper Estimating the cost of capital for wind energy investments in Turkey, Bruegel Working Papers (2019) View citations (11) (2019)
15. The EU–Russia–China energy triangle
    Russian Journal of Economics, 2019, 5, (4), 400-411 View citations (1)
16. The European union energy transition: Key priorities for the next five years
    Energy Policy, 2019, 132, (C), 950-954 View citations (46)
    See also Working Paper The European Union energy transition- key priorities for the next five years, Bruegel Policy Brief (2019) View citations (51) (2019)

2018

17. Verwerfungen auf dem Energiemarkt – USA gegen Nord Stream 2: Weg zur amerikanischen Energiedominanz?
    ifo Schnelldienst, 2018, 71, (17), 03-14

2016

18. What are the New Challenges and Opportunities for European Gas Markets?
    Review of Environment, Energy and Economics - Re3, 2016

2013

19. A stochastic fuel switching model for electricity prices
    Energy Economics, 2013, 35, (C), 5-13 View citations (25)

2012

20. Retailers' risk management and vertical arrangements in electricity markets
    Energy Policy, 2012, 40, (C), 465-472 View citations (21)

2010

21. Inefficient arbitrage in inter-regional electricity transmission
    Journal of Regulatory Economics, 2010, 37, (3), 243-265 View citations (35)

2008

22. Electricity wholesale market prices in Europe: Convergence?
    Energy Economics, 2008, 30, (4), 1659-1671 View citations (134)
23. First evidence of asymmetric cost pass-through of EU emissions allowances: Examining wholesale electricity prices in Germany
    Economics Letters, 2008, 99, (3), 465-469 View citations (98)
    See also Working Paper First Evidence of Asymmetric Cost Pass-Through of EU Emissions Allowances: Examining Wholesale Electricity Prices in Germany, Working Papers (2007) (2007)

2006

24. Deutschlands EU-Ratspräsidentschaft: Chancen zur Gestaltung der Zukunftsfähigkeit Europas nutzen
    DIW Wochenbericht, 2006, 73, (51/52), 729-738

Books

2024

1. The Macroeconomics of Decarbonisation
   Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press
   Also in Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press (2024)
   See also Working Paper Macroeconomics of decarbonisation, ULB Institutional Repository, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles (2024) (2024)

2023

2. Sparking Europe’s new industrial revolution- A policy for net zero, growth and resilience
   Bruegel Book, Bruegel View citations (8)

2022

3. Greening Europe’s post-COVID-19 recovery
   Bruegel Blueprints, Bruegel View citations (1)

2021

4. Decarbonisation of Energy: Determining a Robust Mix of Energy Carriers for a Carbon-Neutral EU, vol 175
   DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research View citations (4)
5. Instruments of a strategic foreign economic policy
   Bruegel Book, Bruegel View citations (2)

2018

6. Developing the EU long term climate strategy
   Bruegel Book, Bruegel View citations (1)
7. The distributional effects of climate policies
   Bruegel Blueprints, Bruegel View citations (23)

2017

8. Remaking Europe- the new manufacturing as an engine for growth
   Bruegel Blueprints, Bruegel View citations (5)

2014

9. EU to DO 2015-2019
   Bruegel Book, Bruegel View citations (2)

2013

10. EU-Korea Economic Exchange
    Bruegel Book, Bruegel View citations (1)
11. Electricity without borders- a plan to make the internal market work
    Bruegel Blueprints, Bruegel View citations (4)
12. Manufacturing Europe’s future
    Bruegel Blueprints, Bruegel View citations (7)

2012

13. Investment and growth in the time of climate change
    Bruegel Book, Bruegel View citations (2)
14. The great transformation- decarbonising Europe’s energy and transport systems
    Bruegel Blueprints, Bruegel View citations (7)

2007

15. Auswirkungen der EU-Integration auf die deutsche Energieversorgung: Endbericht; Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie, vol 31
    DIW Berlin: Politikberatung kompakt, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research

Chapters

2009

1. Ensuring EU Enlargement to New Member States
   Chapter 5 in Electricity Reform in Europe, 2009
2. Expected Vs. Observed Storage Usage: Limits to Intertemporal Arbitrage
   Springer View citations (2)
3. The EU Integration of the New Member States’ Electricity Markets – Testing for Wholesale Price Convergence Using the Kalman Filter
   Chapter 9 in Electricity Reform in Europe, 2009