Intersectional Analysis of the Labour Market Impacts of COVID: The Triple-Whammy of Females, Children, and Lower Skill

Tony Fang (), Morley Gunderson (), Viet Hoang Ha () and Hui Ming
Additional contact information
Tony Fang: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Morley Gunderson: University of Toronto
Viet Hoang Ha: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Hui Ming: Sichuan University

No 17235, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: We employ a Gender-Based Plus (GBA+) and intersectionality lens to examine the triple whammy of the differential effect of Covid on the trifecta of being female, lower-skilled and facing a motherhood penalty from school-age children. We use a difference-in-difference framework with Canadian Labour Force Survey data to examine the differential effect of two waves of Covid on three outcomes: employment, hours worked, and hourly wages. We find that the trifecta of being female in a lower-skilled occupation and with school-age children is associated with lower employment, hours worked and wages in normal times compared to males in those same situations. As well, such females face the most severe adjustment consequence from major shocks like Covid, with that adjustment concentrated on the extensive margin of employment, and it is restricted to the immediate First Wave and not on a subsequent Omicron wave.

Keywords: trifecta; difference-in-Difference; labour market impacts; Omicron; COVID-19; woman; lower-skilled jobs; motherhood penalty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J13 J16 J64 J71 J78 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 44 pages
Date: 2024-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-lab
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Published - published online as 'Intersectional analysis of the labour market impacts of COVID on women with young children and in low-skilled jobs' in: International Journal of Manpower, 19 September 2024

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