Gender discrimination in hiring: Lessons from a large-scale correspondence test

Emilie Arnoult (), Marie-Odile Ruault, Emmanuel Valat, Pierre Villedieu (), Thomas Breda (), Nicolas Jacquemet (), Morgane Laouenan (), Roland Rathelot, Mirna Safi (), Clara Schaeper, Joyce Sultan Parraud, Amélie Allegre, Anna Bagramova, Frédérique Bouvier, Fabrice Foroni, Sara Ftoh Fennane, Isabelle Huet, Bianka Kozma, Amine Medaghri Alaoui and Elshaday Tekle
Additional contact information
Emilie Arnoult: CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM], DARES - Direction de l'animation de la recherche, des études et des statistiques - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé
Marie-Odile Ruault: DARES - Direction de l'animation de la recherche, des études et des statistiques - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé
Pierre Villedieu: LIEPP - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po
Thomas Breda: PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement
Morgane Laouenan: LIEPP - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Mirna Safi: LIEPP - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques
Clara Schaeper: Berlin School of Economics, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques
Joyce Sultan Parraud: IPP - Institut des politiques publiques
Amélie Allegre: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations
Anna Bagramova: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations
Frédérique Bouvier: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations
Fabrice Foroni: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations
Sara Ftoh Fennane: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations
Isabelle Huet: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations
Bianka Kozma: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations
Amine Medaghri Alaoui: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations
Elshaday Tekle: ISM-CORUM - Inter-service migrants - Centre d'Observation et de Recherche sur l'Urbain et ses Mutations

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Abstract: Inequalities between women and men are a striking feature of the labor market: They are reflected in lower participation and lower wages for women, who also have less upwardly mobile career paths. The role of the conditions of entry into employment in contributing to these occupational inequalities is still poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of gender discrimination in hiring, a large-scale experiment was carried out by sending fictitious CVs in response to several thousand job others in 11 different professions. These CVs differed only in the name of the applicant, to eliminate the effect of the quality of the applications on the chances of callback in the first phase of the recruitment process. Female and male applicants with a first name of French origin received the same overall response from employers: One third were called back, half did not receive a response, and the others were rejected. However, there were significant differences according to the level of qualification, with women being at a disadvantage in low-skilled occupations, while the opposite was true for managerial roles. The inclusion of information on family status (presence of children, marital status) or indicating a period of inactivity on the CVs did not result in any significant difference in treatment between female and male applications.

Date: 2021-05
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03524771v1
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Published in 2021

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Working Paper: Gender discrimination in hiring: Lessons from a large-scale correspondence test (2021)
Working Paper: Gender discrimination in hiring: Lessons from a large-scale correspondence test (2021)
Working Paper: Gender discrimination in hiring: Lessons from a large-scale correspondence test (2021)
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