The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper Series

From The World Bank
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209922: Benchmarking Türkiye’s AI Workforce Readiness: A Multidimensional Global Comparison Using LinkedIn Data

Freeha Fatima, Efsan Nas Ozen and Dhushyanth Raju

208985: Female Labor Force Participation in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Regional Trends and the Experience of Saudi Arabia

Sofia Gomez Tamayo, Dana Alrayess, Gael Moraes and Johannes Koettl-Brodmann

208678: From Pilot to Policy: Analysis and Recommendations to Better Target the Poor in Georgia

Maddalena Honorati, Ludovico Carraro and Roberto Claudio Sormani

208638: Exploring the Employment Implications of the Green Transition

Elizabeth N. Ruppert Bulmer, Luc Christiaensen, Thomas Farole and Ulrike Lehr

208324: How Social Enterprises May Foster Labor Market Inclusion: Economic Channels and a Research Agenda

Dhushyanth Raju

208223: Unlocking Opportunities: Exploring the Potential of Public-Private Partnerships in Employment Services Delivery

Sofia Gomez Tamayo, Gael de Moraes, Andrea Petrelli, Mehmet Ali Soytas and Nayib Rivera Guivas

207983: Socioeconomic Data on Fisheries Workers: Availability and Strategies for Better Data Quality

Emanuela Migliaccio and Gianluigi Nico

207851: A Conceptual Framework for Labor Market Delivery Systems in Low - and Middle-Income Countries - Seeking Efficiency, Scale, and Impact

World Bank, Matteo Morgandi, Ines Rodriguez Caillava and Diana Lisker

207798: Effective Cohesion Policies to Strengthen Social Integration in the EU

Rafael De Hoyos and Michal Rutkowski

207679: Helping Nigerians Grow: Food Security and Nutrition Impacts of Safety Nets Interventions in Nigeria

Maheshwor Shrestha, Oyebola M. Okunogbe, Naira Kalra, Ayodele Emmanuel Fashogbon, Thomas Bossuroy, Robin Audy and Kehinde Ajayi

207514: Regulating Platform-based Work in Low and Middle-income Countries: Towards a Context-Appropriate Approach

Matteo Morgandi, David Alzate and Maho Hatayama

207464: Social Protection Response for Digital Delivery Systems - Digital Solutions for Efficient and Inclusive Social Protection Systems

World Bank

207352: Improving Social Insurance for Migrants: Lessons from Albania

Himanshi Jain, Mauro Testaverde, Helly Dharmesh Mehta, Juna Miluka and Matthew Chase Martin

207147: Digital Public Works: Leveraging Digital Technology to Modernize the Design and Delivery of Public Works

Jonathan Stöterau and Marko Bucik

207146: Gender-Smart Public Works Programs: Making Public Works More Inclusive

Itay Noy and Alessandra Heinemann

207145: Green Public Works: Leveraging Public Works to Address Climate and Environmental Challenges

Cecilia Costella, Yuko Okamura, Emilio Urteaga and Nada Shalash

207144: Overview Brief on Innovations in Public Works: Rethinking Public Works for Jobs and Skills in a Changing World

Michael Weber and Marko Bucik

207143: Public Works That Provide Care Services: Enhancing Women's Economic Opportunities, Boosting Human Capital, and Building Skills for the Care Economy

Itay Noy and Alessandra Heinemann

207029: Do Behavioral Interventions Help Economic Inclusion Program Recipients Make More Productive Use of their Payments? Evidence from a Cluster-Randomized Trial in Ghana

Mukta Joshi, Wen Wen Teh, Ariadna Vargas, Christabel E. Dadzie and Saugato Datta

206974: Managing Labor Migration: Regulating Inflows, Aligning Needs, and Ensuring Positive Labor Market Outcomes

Sofia Gomez Tamayo, Gael De Moraes, Andrea Petrelli, Carole Chartouni, Mehmet Ali Soytas and Nayib Rivera Guivas

204885: Should Malaysia Expand its Social Pension?: Global Evidence, Design Issues and Options

Philip O'Keefe and Gerton Rongen

204708: The Heat is On: How Can Long-Term Care Systems in Europe and Central Asia Promote Climate Adaptation?

Sarah Coll-Black, Ali Hamandi, Aaron Beitman, Andrey Tretyak and Valeria Arias Salvador

204663: Supporting People and Workers in an Inclusive Green Transition: Framing Social Protection and Labor Policies to Enable and Ensure a Just Green Transition

Maddalena Honorati and Emanuela Migliaccio

204004: P180561_Rethinking Poverty Reduction Building an Effective Safety Net in Cameroon

Ioana Alexandra Botea and Hrishikesh Tirumala Madabushi Matam I

203272: Skills Systems for Adults and Out-of-School Youth: A Technical Note

Jeremy Aaron Lebow, Eliana Carranza and Xiaoyan Liang

203255: Implementing CORE-MIS to Strengthen Social Protection Delivery in Burundi

Anthony Belem, Aissata Coulibaly, Jacqueline Manisabwe and Mona Luisa Niebuhr

203254: Refugees and Social Assistance in Low- and middle-income Countries: A Review of Operational Experiences

Alfredo Manfredini Bohm, Pablo Acosta, Jeremy Lebow and Emanuela Migliaccio

202888: Evaluating the Employment Effects of a Labor Market Integration Program for Syrian Refugees and Turkish Nationals in Türkiye: Baseline Report

Efsan Nas Ozen and Dhushyanth Raju

202887: Vertical Skills Mismatch in Türkiye’s Labor Market: Evidence from Refined Measures

Saumik Paul and Dhushyanth Raju

202830: Reform of the National Pension System of Egypt: Client-Centric Digital Transformation that Revolutionized Service Delivery

World Bank

202770: Who Participates in Defined Contribution Pension Systems When Informality is High? Evidence from 20 Years of Administrative Records from the Dominican Republic

Clement Joubert, Thiago Scot, Isaac Rafael Maríñez, Pietter José Regalado, Tatiana Flores and Nicolas Garces Rodriguez

202713: Impact of Climate Change and the Green Transition on Human Capital: A Review of the Evidence from Europe and Central Asia

Sara Johansson de Silva, Martin Moessinger and Indhira Vanessa Santos

202504: Guidance Note on Public Employment Services (PES) Digitalization

Muhammad Ezzat, Sara de Lorenzo and Guillermo Alberto Tovar Mantilla

201921: A Guide to Implementing Social Safety Nets in Fragile, Conflict, and Violent Context: Adaptive Strategies and Approaches to World Bank Safety Net Delivery Amid Challenges

Silvia Fuselli, Mona Luisa Niebuhr, Mira Saidi and Sara Agostini

201896: Programmes d’Inclusion Productive au Sahel: Aperçu des Programmes et des Résultats d’Évaluation dans la Région

Thomas Bossuroy, Patrick Premand and Margaux Vinez

200306: Out of Harm’s Way: Adaptive Social Protection for Pandemics in South Asia

Javier Sanchez-Reaza and Tehreem Fatima

200280: Wake-Up Call for Social Assistance? An Unfinished Mission to Reach the Poor and Beyond: State of Social Protection Report 2025 - The 2-Billion-Person Challenge Background Paper #3

Yuko Okamura, Hrishikesh TMM Iyengar and Colin Andrews

200255: Mind the Gap: Coverage, Adequacy, and Financing Gaps in Social Protection for the Extreme Poor and the Poorest Quintile

Emil Daniel Tesliuc and Ana Sofia Martinez Cordova

200230: Riding the Demographic Wave: Pensions and Retirement Income in an Aging World

Gonzalo Reyes Hartley and Miglena Abels

200229: Adaptive Social Protection Agenda: Lessons from Responses to COVID-19 Shock

Emil Daniel Tesliuc and Maria Belen Fontenez

200228: Unlocking the Potential of Household Surveys to Measure Women’s Access to Social Protection

Claudia P Rodriguez Alas, Ana Veronica Lopez and Ingrid Mujica

200227: Optimizing Labor Market Programs and Strengthening Delivery Systems for Impact and Scale

Eliana Carranza, Matteo Morgandi and Diana Sverdlin

200184: Tracking Global Social Protection Responses to Price Shocks: Living Paper v.1

Ugo Gentilini, Mohamed Bubaker Alsafi Almenfi, Hrishikesh TMM Iyengar, Yuko Okamura, Emilio Raul Urteaga, Giorgia Valleriani, Jimmy Vulembera Muhindo and Sheraz Aziz

200018: Blue Social Protection Handbook: Protecting People, Fish and Food

Annabelle Bladon, Gunilla Greig, Yuko Okamura and Gianluigi Nico

200011: Dynamic Social Registries for Adaptive Social Protection on the Sahel: Considerations for Their Design and Operationalization

Luis Inaki Alberro Encinas and Sebastian Geschwind

197750: Service Integration and Case Management for People on the Move: A Review of Selected International Practices

Andrea Petrelli, Matthew Chase Martin, Francesco Cenedese, Ioanna Pantelaiou, Andrea Sitarova, Lucia Solbes Castro and Mauro Testaverde

197627: A Slippery Slope: The Opportunities and Risks of Digital Approaches and Technology in Social Protection Systems

Phillippe Leite, Andres Chamba, Youssef Zaarour and Dominique Leska-See

197515: Expanding Coverage in Vietnam’s Voluntary Social Insurance Scheme: Insights and Recommendations

Himanshi Jain, Nga Thi Nguyen, Agastya Yeachuri, Pham Bao Ha and Koustav De

197453: De Jure and De Facto Coverage of Parental Benefits in Nepal

Ambika Sharma and Himanshi Jain

197396: Cartographie des Impacts au Mali: Impact au Niveau National des Programmes de Protection Sociale Adaptative au Sahel

World Bank