Details about Ross Levine

E-mail:
Phone:	NULL
Postal address:	Ross Levine Senior Fellow Hoover Institution Stanford University 434 Galvez Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6010
Workplace:	Hoover Institution on War Revolution & Peace, Stanford University, (more information at EDIRC)

Access statistics for papers by Ross Levine.

Last updated 2023-07-02. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: ple61

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Working Papers

2022

1. Environmental Liabilities, Borrowing Costs, and Pollution Prevention Activities: The Nationwide Impact of the Apex Oil Ruling
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2021

2. Competition Laws, Governance, and Firm Value
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
3. Do bank insiders impede equity issuances?
   Working Paper Series, European Central Bank View citations (1)
   Also in CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers (2020) View citations (2)
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2020) View citations (2)
4. Finance, Growth, and Inequality
   IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund View citations (10)
5. The Legal Origins of Financial Development: Evidence from the Shanghai Concessions
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)

2020

6. Capital Market Financing and Firm Growth
   Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank
   Also in Mo.Fi.R. Working Papers, Money and Finance Research group (Mo.Fi.R.) - Univ. Politecnica Marche - Dept. Economic and Social Sciences (2020)
   See also Journal Article in Journal of International Money and Finance (2021)
7. Competition Laws and Corporate Innovation
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
8. Competition Laws, Norms and Corporate Social Responsibility
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
9. Corporate Immunity to the COVID-19 Pandemic
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (108)
   See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2021)
10. Finance and Children’s Academic Performance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
11. How Did Depositors Respond to COVID-19?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article in Review of Financial Studies (2021)
12. SELECTION INTO ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SELF-EMPLOYMENT
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (4)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2018) View citations (27)
    CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE (2020) View citations (4)
    LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library (2020) View citations (4)
13. Social Distancing and Social Capital: Why U.S. Counties Respond Differently to COVID-19
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (37)

2019

14. Communication within Banking Organizations and Small Business Lending
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in Review of Financial Studies (2020)
15. Mentally Spent: Credit Conditions and Mental Health
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)

2018

16. Bank Liquidity, Credit Supply, and the Environment
    Working Papers, eSocialSciences View citations (26)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2018) View citations (26)
17. Financial development and innovation-led growth
    PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL View citations (13)
    Also in Post-Print, HAL (2018) View citations (13)
18. Pollution and Human Capital Migration: Evidence from Corporate Executives
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)

2017

19. Acquiring Banking Networks
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
20. Does Competition Affect Bank Risk?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (22)
21. Smart and illicit: who becomes an entrepreneur and do they earn more?
    LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library View citations (212)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2013) View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2017)
22. The Origins of Financial Development: How the African Slave Trade Continues to Influence Modern Finance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (11)

2016

23. Capital market financing, firm growth, and firm size distribution
    ESRB Working Paper Series, European Systemic Risk Board
    Also in Working Papers, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research (2015) View citations (13)
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2015) View citations (7)
24. Competition and Bank Liquidity Creation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis (2019)
25. Competition and Bank Opacity
    Working Papers, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research View citations (72)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2014) View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article in Review of Financial Studies (2016)
26. Corporate Resilience to Banking Crises: The Roles of Trust and Trade Credit
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis (2018)
27. Does the Geographic Expansion of Banks Reduce Risk?
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (121)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2016)
28. Geographic Diversification and Banks’ Funding Costs
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)

2015

29. An Empirical Examination of Patent Hold-up
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Competition Law and Economics (2015)
30. Cross-border Acquisitions and Labor Regulations
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
31. Insider Trading and Innovation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Law and Economics (2017)
32. Spare Tire? Stock Markets, Banking Crises, and Economic Recoveries
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (8)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2016)

2014

33. Capital Market Financing, Firm Growth, Firm Size Distribution
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (12)
34. Does the Geographic Expansion of Bank Assets Reduce Risk?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (8)

2013

35. Bank Regulation and Supervision in 180 Countries from 1999 to 2011
    Working Papers, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center View citations (365)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2013) View citations (370)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economic Policy (2013)
36. Financial Development in 205 Economies, 1960 to 2010
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (114)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Perspectives (2013)
37. In brief...'Smart and illicit': the making of a successful entrepreneur
    CentrePiece - The magazine for economic performance, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE
38. Liberty for More: Finance and Educational Opportunities
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
39. Smart and Illicit: Who Becomes an Entrepreneur and Does it Pay?
    CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE View citations (44)

2012

40. Bank deregulation and racial inequality in America
    Supervisory Research and Analysis Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in Critical Finance Review (2014)
41. Benchmarking financial systems around the world
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (134)
42. How Firms Use Domestic and International Corporate Bond Markets
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (17)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2012) View citations (12)
43. The European Origins of Economic Development
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (47)
    Also in MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany (2012) View citations (45)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Economic Growth (2016)
44. The Evolving Importance of Banks and Securities Markets
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (27)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2011) View citations (22)
    See also Journal Article in The World Bank Economic Review (2013)
45. The Valuation Effects of Geographic Diversification: Evidence From U.S. Banks
    IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund View citations (13)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2011)
46. The evolution and impact of bank regulations
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (16)

2011

47. Financial Innovation and Endogenous Growth
    Economics Working Papers, Institute for Advanced Study, School of Social Science View citations (20)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2009) View citations (29)
    Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University, Department of Economics, Tufts University (2010) View citations (2)
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers (2009) View citations (29)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Intermediation (2015)
48. Racial Discrimination and Competition
    CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE View citations (2)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2008) View citations (31)

2010

49. An Autopsy of the U.S. Financial System
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
50. The governance of financial regulation: reform lessons from the recent crisis
    BIS Working Papers, Bank for International Settlements View citations (11)
    See also Journal Article in International Review of Finance (2012)

2009

51. Big Bad Banks? The Winners and Losers From Bank Deregulation in the United States
    Other publications TiSEM, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management View citations (5)
    Also in Discussion Paper, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research (2009) View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Finance (2010)
52. Finance and Inequality: Theory and Evidence
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (212)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2009) View citations (211)
    See also Journal Article in Annual Review of Financial Economics (2009)
53. Financial institutions and markets across countries and over time - data and analysis
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (240)
54. Patterns of International Capital Raisings
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2008) View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of International Economics (2010)

2008

55. Bank Governance, Regulation, and Risk Taking
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (39)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2009)
56. Bank Regulations Are Changing: But For Better or Worse?
    Center for Development Economics, Department of Economics, Williams College View citations (194)
    Also in Department of Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics, Williams College (2008) View citations (224)
57. Bank regulations are changing: for better or worse ?
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (223)
58. Finance and economic opportunity
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (19)
59. Finance, financial sector policies, and long-run growth
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (144)
    See also Book (2008)
60. Finance, firm size and growth
    Other publications TiSEM, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management View citations (292)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2005) View citations (28)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2004) View citations (37)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Money, Credit and Banking (2008)

2007

61. Big Bad Banks? The Impact of U.S. Branch Deregulation on Income Distribution
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (22)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2007) View citations (13)
    Other publications TiSEM, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management (2007) View citations (6)
62. Complex Ownership Structures and Corporate Valuations
    IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund View citations (26)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2006) View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article in Review of Financial Studies (2008)

2006

63. Internationalization and the evolution of corporate valuation
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (17)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2005) View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2008)

2005

64. Bank Concentration and Fragility: Impact and Mechanics
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (17)
65. Bank Supervision and Corruption in Lending
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Monetary Economics (2006)
66. Internationalization and Stock Market Liquidity
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (20)
    See also Journal Article in Review of Finance (2006)
67. Is There a Diversification Discount in Financial Conglomerates?
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (28)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2005) View citations (26)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2007)
68. Law, Endowments, and Property Rights
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (137)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Economic Perspectives (2005)
69. Legal institutions and financial development
    Other publications TiSEM, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management View citations (117)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2003) View citations (60)
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2003) View citations (64)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2004) View citations (51)
    See also Chapter (2008)
70. SMEs, Growth, and Poverty
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (137)

2004

71. Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (384)
    See also Chapter (2005)
72. Finance, Inequality, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (115)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2004) View citations (93)
73. Governance and bank valuation
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (19)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2003) View citations (34)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Intermediation (2007)
74. Law and Firms' Access to Finance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2004) View citations (12)
75. The Corporate Governance of Banks - a concise discussion of concepts and evidence
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (159)

2003

76. Bank Concentration and Crises
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (78)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2003) View citations (88)
77. Bank Supervision and Corporate Finance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (25)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2003) View citations (20)
78. Denying Foreign Bank Entry: Implications For Bank Interest Margins
    Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile View citations (18)
    See also Chapter (2004)
79. Migration, Spillovers,and Trade Diversion: The Impact of Internationalization on Stock Market Liquidity
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2003) View citations (28)
80. New Data, New Doubts: Revisiting "Aid, Policies, and Growth"
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (90)
81. New Data, New doubts: A Comment on Burnside and Dollar's "Aid, Policies, and Growth" (2000)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (112)
82. Regulations, Market Structure, Institutions, and the Cost of Financial Intermediation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (60)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Money, Credit and Banking (2004)
83. Small and medium enterprises, growth, and poverty: cross-country evidence
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (10)
84. The impact of bank regulations, concentration, and institutions on bank margins
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (34)

2002

85. Bank Regulation and Supervision: What Works Best?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (69)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2001) View citations (65)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Intermediation (2004)
86. Bank-Based or Market-Based Financial Systems: Which is Better?
    William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan View citations (588)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2002) View citations (594)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Intermediation (2002)
87. Finance and Growth: New Evidence and Policy Analyses for Chile
    Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile View citations (12)
    See also Chapter (2002)
88. Industry Growth and Capital Allocation: Does Having a Market- or Bank-Based System Matter?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (509)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2002)
89. International Financial Integration and Economic Growth
    IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund View citations (301)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2002) View citations (293)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of International Money and Finance (2002)
90. It's Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models
    Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile View citations (85)
    See also Chapter (2002)
91. Law and Finance: Why Does Legal Origin Matter?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (36)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (2002) View citations (30)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Comparative Economics (2003)
92. Law, Endowment, and Finance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2003)
93. Stock Markets, Banks, and Growth: Panel Evidence
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (54)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Banking & Finance (2004)
94. Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (164)
    Also in Working Papers, Center for Global Development (2002) View citations (134)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Monetary Economics (2003)

2001

95. Financial Regulation And Performance: Cross-Country Evidence
    Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile View citations (13)
    Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1999) View citations (13)
    See also Chapter (2002)
96. Law, politics, and finance
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (28)
97. Stock markets, banks, and growth: correlation or causality?
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (36)
98. The regulation and supervision of banks around the world - a new database
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (421)

2000

99. Bank Concentration: Chile and International Comparisons
    Working Papers, Cambridge - Risk, Information & Quantity Signals View citations (11)
    Also in Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile (2000) View citations (11)
100. Banking systems around the globe: do regulation and ownership affect the performance and stability?
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (113)
     See also Chapter (2001)
101. Financial structure and economic development - firm, industry, and country evidence
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (61)
102. New firm formation and industry growth - does having a market- or bank-based system matter?
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (16)

1999

103. A new database on financial development and structure
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (323)
104. Bank-based and market-based financial systems - cross-country comparisons
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (263)
105. Finance and the sources of growth
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (37)
     See also Journal Article in Journal of Financial Economics (2000)
106. Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes
     Working Papers Central Bank of Chile, Central Bank of Chile View citations (58)
     Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1999) View citations (76)
     See also Chapter (2002)
     Journal Article in Journal of Monetary Economics (2000)

1997

107. Inflation and financial market performance
     Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis View citations (11)
     Also in Working Papers (Old Series), Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (1996) View citations (30)
108. Napoleon, Bourses, and Growth in Latin America
     IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank
     Also in Research Department Publications, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department (1997) View citations (2)
109. Napoleón, bolsas y crecimiento en América Latina
     Research Department Publications, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department

1996

110. Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions
     Working Papers, Harvard - Institute for International Development View citations (32)
     See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1997)
111. Capital control liberalization and stock market development
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (13)
     Also in CERF Discussion Paper Series, Economics and Finance Section, School of Social Sciences, Brunel University
     See also Journal Article in World Development (1998)
112. Financial development and economic growth: views and agenda
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (44)
     See also Journal Article in Journal of Economic Literature (1997)
113. Stock market development and long-run growth
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (324)
     See also Journal Article in The World Bank Economic Review (1996)
114. Stock markets, banks, and economic growth
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (61)
     Also in CERF Discussion Paper Series, Economics and Finance Section, School of Social Sciences, Brunel University
     See also Journal Article in American Economic Review (1998)

1995

115. Africa's growth tragedy: a retrospective, 1960-89
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (2)
116. Stock market development and financial intermediaries: stylized facts
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (42)
     See also Journal Article in The World Bank Economic Review (1996)

1994

117. Capital fundamentalism, economic development, and economic growth
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (208)
     See also Journal Article in Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy (1994)
118. Policy, Technology Adoption and Growth
     CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (40)
     Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (1994) View citations (37)
119. The financial system and public enterprise reform: concepts and cases
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (25)

1993

120. Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (3415)
     See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1993)
121. Looking at the facts: what we know about policy and growth from cross-country analysis
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (50)
122. Stock market development and financial intermediary growth: a research agenda
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (14)

1992

123. Financial indicators and growth in a cross section of countries
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (51)
124. Financial structures and economic development
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (42)
     Also in International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) (1990) View citations (26)
125. How Do National Policies Affect Long-Run Growth? A Research Agenda
     World Bank - Discussion Papers, World Bank View citations (3)
     Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1991) View citations (7)
126. Old debts and new beginnings: a policy choice in transitional socialist economies
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (5)
     See also Journal Article in World Development (1993)
127. Reforming finance in transitional socialist economies: avoiding the path from shell money to shell games
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (2)

1991

128. A sensitivity analysis of cross-country growth regressions
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (195)
     See also Journal Article in American Economic Review (1992)
129. Cross-country studies of growth and policy: methodological, conceptual, and statistical problems
     Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (51)

1990

130. Stock markets, growth, and policy
     International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) View citations (3)
     Also in Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank (1990) View citations (10)

1989

131. A note on \"transfers\"
     International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)
132. External debt and developing country growth
     International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) View citations (2)

1988

133. The capital flight \"problem.\"
     International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) View citations (3)
134. The forward exchange rate bias: a new explanation
     International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) View citations (1)

1987

135. The pricing of forward exchange rates
     International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)
     See also Journal Article in Journal of International Money and Finance (1989)

1986

136. An international arbitrage pricing model with PPP deviations
     International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) View citations (1)
     See also Journal Article in Economic Inquiry (1989)

Journal Articles

2022

1. Competition laws, ownership, and corporate social responsibility
   Journal of International Business Studies, 2022, 53, (8), 1576-1602 View citations (2)

2021

2. Capital market financing and firm growth
   Journal of International Money and Finance, 2021, 118, (C) View citations (6)
   See also Working Paper (2020)
3. Corporate immunity to the COVID-19 pandemic
   Journal of Financial Economics, 2021, 141, (2), 802-830 View citations (176)
   See also Working Paper (2020)
4. How Did Depositors Respond to COVID-19?
   (A crisis of banks as liquidity providers)
   Review of Financial Studies, 2021, 34, (11), 5438-5473 View citations (17)
   See also Working Paper (2020)

2020

5. Bank deregulation and corporate risk
   Journal of Corporate Finance, 2020, 60, (C) View citations (18)
6. Communication within Banking Organizations and Small Business Lending
   Review of Financial Studies, 2020, 33, (12), 5750-5783 View citations (6)
   See also Working Paper (2019)
7. Cross-border acquisitions: Do labor regulations affect acquirer returns?
   Journal of International Business Studies, 2020, 51, (2), 194-217 View citations (12)
8. The African Slave Trade and Modern Household Finance
   The Economic Journal, 2020, 130, (630), 1817-1841 View citations (10)

2019

9. Competition and Bank Liquidity Creation
   Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2019, 54, (2), 513-538 View citations (39)
   See also Working Paper (2016)

2018

10. Corporate Resilience to Banking Crises: The Roles of Trust and Trade Credit
    Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2018, 53, (4), 1441-1477 View citations (58)
    See also Working Paper (2016)

2017

11. Insider Trading and Innovation
    Journal of Law and Economics, 2017, 60, (4), 749 - 800 View citations (21)
    See also Working Paper (2015)
12. Smart and Illicit: Who Becomes an Entrepreneur and Do They Earn More?
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2017, 132, (2), 963-1018 View citations (217)
    See also Working Paper (2017)

2016

13. Competition and Bank Opacity
    Review of Financial Studies, 2016, 29, (7), 1911-1942 View citations (72)
    See also Working Paper (2016)
14. Does the geographic expansion of banks reduce risk?
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2016, 120, (2), 346-362 View citations (121)
    See also Working Paper (2016)
15. Spare tire? Stock markets, banking crises, and economic recoveries
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2016, 120, (1), 81-101 View citations (41)
    See also Working Paper (2015)
16. The European origins of economic development
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2016, 21, (3), 225-257 View citations (96)
    See also Working Paper (2012)

2015

17. AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF PATENT HOLDUP
    Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 2015, 11, (3), 549-578 View citations (9)
    See also Working Paper (2015)
18. Financial innovation and endogenous growth
    Journal of Financial Intermediation, 2015, 24, (1), 1-24 View citations (110)
    See also Working Paper (2011)
19. How firms use corporate bond markets under financial globalization
    Journal of Banking & Finance, 2015, 58, (C), 532-551 View citations (29)

2014

20. Bank Deregulation and Racial Inequality in America
    Critical Finance Review, 2014, 3, (1), 1-48 View citations (23)
    See also Working Paper (2012)

2013

21. Bank regulation and supervision in 180 countries from 1999 to 2011
    Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 2013, 5, (2), 111-219 View citations (349)
    See also Working Paper (2013)
22. Financial Development in 205 Economies, 1960 to 2010
    Journal of Financial Perspectives, 2013, 1, (2), 17-36 View citations (111)
    See also Working Paper (2013)
23. Identifying the Valuation Effects and Agency Costs of Corporate Diversification: Evidence from the Geographic Diversification of U.S. Banks
    Review of Financial Studies, 2013, 26, (7), 1787-1823 View citations (126)
24. The Evolving Importance of Banks and Securities Markets
    The World Bank Economic Review, 2013, 27, (3), 476-490 View citations (84)
    See also Working Paper (2012)

2012

25. The Governance of Financial Regulation: Reform Lessons from the Recent Crisis
    International Review of Finance, 2012, 12, (1), 39-56 View citations (35)
    See also Working Paper (2010)

2011

26. Regulating finance and regulators to promote growth
    Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole, 2011, 271-311 View citations (2)

2010

27. An autopsy of the US financial system: accident, suicide, or negligent homicide
    Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 2010, 2, (3), 196-213 View citations (23)
28. Big Bad Banks? The Winners and Losers from Bank Deregulation in the United States
    Journal of Finance, 2010, 65, (5), 1637-1667 View citations (585)
    See also Working Paper (2009)
29. Financial Institutions and Markets across Countries and over Time: The Updated Financial Development and Structure Database
    The World Bank Economic Review, 2010, 24, (1), 77-92 View citations (274)
30. Patterns of international capital raisings
    Journal of International Economics, 2010, 80, (1), 45-57 View citations (52)
    See also Working Paper (2009)

2009

31. Bank governance, regulation and risk taking
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2009, 93, (2), 259-275 View citations (1319)
    See also Working Paper (2008)
32. Finance and Inequality: Theory and Evidence
    Annual Review of Financial Economics, 2009, 1, (1), 287-318 View citations (212)
    See also Working Paper (2009)

2008

33. Bank Regulations are Changing: For Better or Worse&quest
    Comparative Economic Studies, 2008, 50, (4), 537-563 View citations (174)
34. Complex Ownership Structures and Corporate Valuations
    Review of Financial Studies, 2008, 21, (2), 579-604 View citations (177)
    See also Working Paper (2007)
35. FINANCE AND THE POOR
    Manchester School, 2008, 76, (s1), 1-13 View citations (29)
36. Finance et opportunité économique
    Revue d’économie du développement, 2008, 16, (4), 5-29 View citations (1)
37. Finance, Firm Size, and Growth
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2008, 40, (7), 1379-1405 View citations (70)
    Also in Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2008, 40, (7), 1379-1405 (2008) View citations (311)
    See also Working Paper (2008)
38. Internationalization and the evolution of corporate valuation
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2008, 88, (3), 607-632 View citations (89)
    See also Working Paper (2006)
39. Special issue: Banking and bank regulation: Challenges for the future
    Journal of Financial Intermediation, 2008, 17, (4), 509-510 View citations (1)

2007

40. Finance, inequality and the poor
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2007, 12, (1), 27-49 View citations (678)
41. Governance and bank valuation
    Journal of Financial Intermediation, 2007, 16, (4), 584-617 View citations (242)
    See also Working Paper (2004)
42. Is there a diversification discount in financial conglomerates?
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2007, 85, (2), 331-367 View citations (485)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
43. Migration, spillovers, and trade diversion: The impact of internationalization on domestic stock market activity
    Journal of Banking & Finance, 2007, 31, (6), 1595-1612 View citations (30)

2006

44. Bank concentration, competition, and crises: First results
    Journal of Banking & Finance, 2006, 30, (5), 1581-1603 View citations (553)
45. Bank supervision and corruption in lending
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 2006, 53, (8), 2131-2163 View citations (239)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
46. Internationalization and Stock Market Liquidity
    Review of Finance, 2006, 10, (1), 153-187 View citations (68)
    See also Working Paper (2005)

2005

47. Law, Endowments and Property Rights
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005, 19, (3), 61-88 View citations (137)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
48. SMEs, Growth, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2005, 10, (3), 199-229 View citations (154)

2004

49. Aid, Policies, and Growth: Comment
    American Economic Review, 2004, 94, (3), 774-780 View citations (304)
50. Bank regulation and supervision: what works best?
    Journal of Financial Intermediation, 2004, 13, (2), 205-248 View citations (1090)
    See also Working Paper (2002)
51. Introduction: Bank concentration and competition: an evolution in the making
    Proceedings, 2004, 433-451 View citations (197)
52. Regulations, Market Structure, Institutions, and the Cost of Financial Intermediation
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2004, 36, (3), 593-622 View citations (280)
    Also in Proceedings, 2004, 593-626 (2004) View citations (285)
    See also Working Paper (2003)
53. Stock markets, banks, and growth: Panel evidence
    Journal of Banking & Finance, 2004, 28, (3), 423-442 View citations (811)
    See also Working Paper (2002)

2003

54. Law and finance: why does legal origin matter?
    Journal of Comparative Economics, 2003, 31, (4), 653-675 View citations (834)
    See also Working Paper (2002)
55. Law, endowments, and finance
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2003, 70, (2), 137-181 View citations (356)
    See also Working Paper (2002)
56. More on finance and growth: more finance, more growth?
    Review, 2003, 85, (Jul), 31-46 View citations (133)
57. Tropics, germs, and crops: how endowments influence economic development
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 2003, 50, (1), 3-39 View citations (854)
    See also Working Paper (2002)

2002

58. Bank-Based or Market-Based Financial Systems: Which Is Better?
    Journal of Financial Intermediation, 2002, 11, (4), 398-428 View citations (631)
    See also Working Paper (2002)
59. Industry growth and capital allocation:*1: does having a market- or bank-based system matter?
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2002, 64, (2), 147-180 View citations (506)
    See also Working Paper (2002)
60. International financial integration and economic growth
    Journal of International Money and Finance, 2002, 21, (6), 749-776 View citations (307)
    See also Working Paper (2002)

2001

61. How Much Bang for the Buck? Mexico and Dollarization
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2001, 33, (2), 339-63 View citations (8)
    Also in Proceedings, 2001, 339-369 (2001) View citations (8)
62. International Financial Liberalization and Economic Growth
    Review of International Economics, 2001, 9, (4), 688-702 View citations (236)
63. Legal Theories of Financial Development
    Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2001, 17, (4), 483-501 View citations (47)
64. The impact of inflation on financial sector performance
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 2001, 47, (2), 221-248 View citations (495)

2000

65. A New Database on the Structure and Development of the Financial Sector
    The World Bank Economic Review, 2000, 14, (3), 597-605 View citations (280)
66. Are bank-based or market-based financial systems better?
    Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), 2000, 3, (1), 25-55 View citations (7)
67. Finance and the sources of growth
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2000, 58, (1-2), 261-300 View citations (1666)
    See also Working Paper (1999)
68. Financial intermediation and growth: Causality and causes
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 2000, 46, (1), 31-77 View citations (2265)
    See also Working Paper (1999)
    Chapter (2002)

1999

69. Financial development and growth: where do we stand?
    Estudios de Economia, 1999, 26, (2 Year 1999), 113-136 View citations (15)
70. Law, Finance, and Economic Growth
    Journal of Financial Intermediation, 1999, 8, (1-2), 8-35 View citations (419)

1998

71. Capital Control Liberalization and Stock Market Development
    World Development, 1998, 26, (7), 1169-1183 View citations (196)
    See also Working Paper (1996)
72. Robert J. Barro, Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study
    Journal of Comparative Economics, 1998, 26, (4), 822-824 View citations (7)
73. Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth
    American Economic Review, 1998, 88, (3), 537-58 View citations (1719)
    See also Working Paper (1996)
74. The Legal Environment, Banks, and Long-Run Economic Growth
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1998, 30, (3), 596-613 View citations (461)
    Also in Proceedings, 1998, (Aug), 596-620 (1998) View citations (467)
75. Troubles with the Neighbours: Africa's Problem, Africa's Opportunity
    Journal of African Economies, 1998, 7, (1), 120-42 View citations (79)

1997

76. Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1997, 112, (4), 1203-1250 View citations (2420)
    See also Working Paper (1996)
77. Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda
    Journal of Economic Literature, 1997, 35, (2), 688-726 View citations (2819)
    See also Working Paper (1996)

1996

78. Stock Market Development and Financial Intermediaries: Stylized Facts
    The World Bank Economic Review, 1996, 10, (2), 291-321 View citations (304)
    See also Working Paper (1995)
79. Stock Market Development and Long-Run Growth
    The World Bank Economic Review, 1996, 10, (2), 323-39 View citations (320)
    See also Working Paper (1996)
80. Stock Markets, Corporate Finance, and Economic Growth: An Overview
    The World Bank Economic Review, 1996, 10, (2), 223-39 View citations (187)

1994

81. Capital fundamentalism, economic development, and economic growth
    Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 1994, 40, (1), 259-292 View citations (208)
    See also Working Paper (1994)
82. Finance and development: Issues and experience: Alberto Giovannini, ed (Cambridge university press, New York, 1993) pp. ix+436, $49.50
    Journal of International Economics, 1994, 37, (3-4), 273-277 View citations (1)
83. Reforming Finance in Transitional Socialist Economies
    The World Bank Research Observer, 1994, 9, (1), 1-24 View citations (12)

1993

84. Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1993, 108, (3), 717-737 View citations (3515)
    See also Working Paper (1993)
85. Finance, entrepreneurship and growth: Theory and evidence
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 1993, 32, (3), 513-542 View citations (1414)
86. Old debts and new beginnings: A policy choice in transitional socialist economies
    World Development, 1993, 21, (3), 319-330 View citations (1)
    See also Working Paper (1992)
87. Quality ladders, growth, and R&D: an assessment from U.S. industry: A comment
    Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 1993, 38, (1), 275-278
88. What We Have Learned about Policy and Growth from Cross-Country Regressions?
    American Economic Review, 1993, 83, (2), 426-30 View citations (174)

1992

89. A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions
    American Economic Review, 1992, 82, (4), 942-63 View citations (2484)
    See also Working Paper (1991)
90. Financial intermediary services and growth
    Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 1992, 6, (4), 383-405 View citations (28)

1991

91. An empirical inquiry into the nature of the forward exchange rate bias
    Journal of International Economics, 1991, 30, (3-4), 359-369 View citations (7)
92. Stock Markets, Growth, and Tax Policy
    Journal of Finance, 1991, 46, (4), 1445-65 View citations (405)

1989

93. An International Arbitrage Pricing Model with PPP Deviations
    Economic Inquiry, 1989, 27, (4), 587-99 View citations (5)
    See also Working Paper (1986)
94. The pricing of forward exchange rates
    Journal of International Money and Finance, 1989, 8, (2), 163-179 View citations (16)
    See also Working Paper (1987)
95. The ‘Problem’ of Capital Flight—a Cautionary Note
    The World Economy, 1989, 12, (2), 237-252 View citations (2)

Books

2012

1. Guardians of Finance: Making Regulators Work for Us, vol 1
   MIT Press Books, The MIT Press View citations (80)

2008

2. Finance, Financial Sector Policies, and Long-Run Growth
   World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group View citations (123)
   See also Working Paper (2008)
3. Rethinking Bank Regulation
   Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press View citations (57)
   Also in Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press (2006) View citations (560)

Edited books

2018

1. Finance and Growth
   Books, Edward Elgar Publishing View citations (51)
2. Handbook of Finance and Development
   Books, Edward Elgar Publishing View citations (49)

2016

3. Regulation and Governance of Financial Institutions, vol Two volume set
   Books, Edward Elgar Publishing

2004

4. Financial Structure and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Comparison of Banks, Markets, and Development, vol 1
   MIT Press Books, The MIT Press View citations (72)

00

5. Finance and Growth
   Books, Edward Elgar Publishing View citations (1298)

Chapters

2015

1. Misdiagnosis: Incomplete Cures of Financial Regulatory Failures
   Chapter 15 in The First Great Financial Crisis of the 21st Century A Retrospective, 2015, pp 399-431 View citations (2)

2013

2. Bank Regulatory Reforms and Racial Wage Discrimination
   Chapter 7 in The Social Value of the Financial Sector Too Big to Fail or Just Too Big?, 2013, pp 91-107
3. In Defense of Wall Street: The Social Productivity of the Financial System
   Chapter 13 in The Role of Central Banks in Financial Stability How Has It Changed?, 2013, pp 257-279

2011

4. The Sentinel: Improving the Governance of Financial Policies
   Chapter 26 in The International Financial Crisis Have the Rules of Finance Changed?, 2011, pp 371-385 View citations (2)

2008

5. Legal Institutions and Financial Development
   Springer View citations (13)
   Also in Springer (2005) View citations (110)
   See also Working Paper (2005)

2005

6. Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence
   Chapter 12 in Handbook of Economic Growth, 2005, vol. 1, Part A, pp 865-934 View citations (2021)
   See also Working Paper (2004)

2004

7. Denying Foreign Bank Entry: Implications for Bank Interest Margins
   Chapter 9 in Banking Market Structure and Monetary Policy, 2004, vol. 7, pp 271-292 View citations (11)
   See also Working Paper (2003)

2003

8. Stock Market Liquidity and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence
   Palgrave Macmillan View citations (4)

2002

9. Finance and Growth: New Evidence and Policy Analyses for Chile
   Chapter 11 in Economic Growth: Sources, Trends, and Cycles, 2002, vol. 6, pp 343-376 View citations (11)
   See also Working Paper (2002)
10. Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes
    Chapter 2 in Banking, Financial Integration, and International Crises, 2002, vol. 3, pp 031-084 View citations (12)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Monetary Economics (2000)
    Working Paper (1999)
11. Financial Regulation and Performance: Cross-COuntry Evidence
    Chapter 4 in Banking, Financial Integration, and International Crises, 2002, vol. 3, pp 113-142 View citations (5)
    See also Working Paper (2001)
12. It´s Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models
    Chapter 3 in Economic Growth: Sources, Trends, and Cycles, 2002, vol. 6, pp 061-114 View citations (67)
    See also Working Paper (2002)

2001

13. Banking Systems around the Globe: Do Regulation and Ownership Affect Performance and Stability?
    A chapter in Prudential Supervision: What Works and What Doesn't, 2001, pp 31-96 View citations (198)
    See also Working Paper (2000)