Details about Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach

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Homepage:	https://www.ipr.northwestern.edu/who-we-are/faculty-experts/schanzenbach.html
Workplace:	Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, (more information at EDIRC)

Access statistics for papers by Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach.

Last updated 2025-01-06. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: psc874

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Working Papers

2024

1. Employment and Labor Supply Responses to the Child Tax Credit Expansion: Theory and Evidence
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
   Also in IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) (2024) View citations (1)
   See also Journal Article Employment and Labor Supply Responses to the Child Tax Credit Expansion: Theory and Evidence, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (2023) View citations (5) (2023)
2. The Effects of Lump-Sum Food Benefits during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Spending, Hardship, and Health
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
3. Work, Poverty, and Social Benefits Over the Past Three Decades
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
   See also Journal Article Work, Poverty, and Social Benefits over the Past Three Decades, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (2024) (2024)

2023

4. Raising State Minimum Wages, Lowering Community College Enrollment
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
5. Trends in the School Lunch Program: Changes in Selection, Nutrition & Health
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
   See also Journal Article Trends in the school lunch program: Changes in selection, nutrition & health, Food Policy, Elsevier (2024) (2024)

2022

6. Limited Supply and Lagging Enrollment: Production Technologies and Enrollment Changes at Community Colleges during the Pandemic
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
   See also Journal Article Limited supply and lagging enrollment: Production technologies and enrollment changes at community colleges during the pandemic, Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier (2022) View citations (2) (2022)

2021

7. Does Money Still Matter? Attainment and Earnings Effects of Post-1990 School Finance Reforms
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
   See also Journal Article Does Money Still Matter? Attainment and Earnings Effects of Post-1990 School Finance Reforms, Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press (2022) View citations (9) (2022)

2020

8. Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View
   IZA Discussion Papers, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) View citations (10)
   Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2020) View citations (10)
   See also Chapter Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2020) View citations (11) (2020)
   Journal Article Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View, Tax Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press (2021) View citations (16) (2021)
9. The Social Safety Net in the Wake of COVID-19
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (55)
   See also Journal Article The Social Safety Net in the Wake of COVID-19, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution (2020) View citations (1) (2020)

2018

10. Safety Net Investments in Children
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (19)
    See also Journal Article Safety Nets Investments in Children, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution (2018) View citations (13) (2018)

2017

11. The Effect of Court-Ordered Hiring Guidelines on Teacher Composition and Student Achievement
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2016

12. School Finance Reform and the Distribution of Student Achievement
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
    Also in Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley (2016) View citations (12)
    Department of Economics, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley (2016) View citations (10)
    See also Journal Article School Finance Reform and the Distribution of Student Achievement, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association (2018) View citations (125) (2018)

2015

13. U.S. Food and Nutrition Programs
    Department of Economics, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley View citations (11)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2015) View citations (13)
    See also Chapter US Food and Nutrition Programs, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2015) View citations (22) (2015)

2014

14. Expanding the School Breakfast Program: Impacts on Children's Consumption, Nutrition and Health
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
15. The Impact of Chicago's Small High School Initiative
    Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2013) View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article The impact of Chicago’s small high school initiative, Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier (2015) View citations (6) (2015)

2013

16. The Earned Income Tax Credit and Food Consumption Patterns
    Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago View citations (20)
17. The Impacts of Expanding Access to High-Quality Preschool Education
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (74)
    See also Journal Article The Impacts of Expanding Access to High-Quality Preschool Education, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution (2013) View citations (84) (2013)

2012

18. Long Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (26)
    See also Journal Article Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2016) View citations (265) (2016)

2011

19. Adequate (or Adipose?) Yearly Progress: Assessing the Effect of "No Child Left Behind" on Children's Obesity
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article Adequate (or Adipose?) Yearly Progress: Assessing the Effect of “No Child Left Behind” on Children's Obesity, Education Finance and Policy, MIT Press (2017) View citations (2) (2017)
20. Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Childhood Investments on Postsecondary Attainment and Degree Completion
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (37)
    See also Journal Article Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Childhood Investments on Postsecondary Attainment and Degree Completion, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2013) View citations (53) (2013)
21. How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence from Project Star
    Scholarly Articles, Harvard Kennedy School of Government View citations (670)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2010) View citations (50)
    See also Journal Article How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence from Project Star, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2011) View citations (722) (2011)
22. Is Being in School Better? The Impact of School on Children's BMI When Starting Age is Endogenous
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (17)
    See also Journal Article Is being in school better? The impact of school on children's BMI when starting age is endogenous, Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier (2011) View citations (13) (2011)

2010

23. Work Incentives and the Food Stamp Program
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article Work incentives and the Food Stamp Program, Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier (2012) View citations (83) (2012)

2009

24. The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (18)
    See also Journal Article The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes, Forum for Health Economics & Policy, De Gruyter (2009) View citations (36) (2009)
    Chapter The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2009) View citations (18) (2009)

2008

25. Inside the War on Poverty: The Impact of Food Stamps on Birth Outcomes
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article Inside the War on Poverty: The Impact of Food Stamps on Birth Outcomes, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2011) View citations (253) (2011)
26. Selection Bias in College Admissions Test Scores
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
    Also in Mathematica Policy Research Reports, Mathematica Policy Research View citations (1)
    Working Papers, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Education Research Section. (2007) View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Selection bias in college admissions test scores, Economics of Education Review, Elsevier (2009) View citations (7) (2009)

2007

27. Childhood Disadvantage and Obesity: Is Nurture Trumping Nature?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (20)
    See also Chapter Childhood Disadvantage and Obesity: Is Nurture Trumping Nature?, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2007) View citations (19) (2007)
28. Consumption Reponses to In-Kind Transfers: Evidence from the Introduction of the Food Stamp Program
    Working Papers, Harris School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2007) View citations (17)
    See also Journal Article Consumption Responses to In-Kind Transfers: Evidence from the Introduction of the Food Stamp Program, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association (2009) View citations (224) (2009)
29. First in the Class? Age and the Education Production Function
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (52)
    See also Journal Article First in the Class? Age and the Education Production Function, Education Finance and Policy, MIT Press (2016) View citations (45) (2016)
30. Left Behind By Design: Proficiency Counts and Test-Based Accountability
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (24)
    See also Journal Article Left Behind by Design: Proficiency Counts and Test-Based Accountability, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2010) View citations (106) (2010)

2006

31. What Have Researchers Learned from Project STAR?
    Working Papers, Harris School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago

2005

32. Do School Lunches Contribute to Childhood Obesity?
    Working Papers, Harris School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago
    See also Journal Article Do School Lunches Contribute to Childhood Obesity?, Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press (2009) View citations (85) (2009)

2002

33. What Are Food Stamps Worth?
    Working Papers, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section. View citations (29)

2001

34. Would Smaller Classes Help Close the Black-White Achievement Gap?
    Working Papers, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section. View citations (14)

2000

35. The Effect of Attending a Small Class in the Early Grades on College-Test Taking and Middle School Test Results: Evidence from Project STAR
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (21)
    Also in Working Papers, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section. (1999) View citations (15)
    See also Journal Article The Effect of Attending a Small Class in the Early Grades on College-Test Taking and Middle School Test Results: Evidence from Project STAR, Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society (2001) View citations (314) (2001)

1999

36. Teen Motherhood, Labor Market Involvement and the Receipt of Public Assistance
    JCPR Working Papers, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research

Journal Articles

2024

1. Confronting Poverty: Measuring Its Causes, Costs, and Consequences
   The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2024, 711, (1), 8-18
2. Help boys, but first do no harm
   Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43, (2), 623-628
3. Minding the (achievement) gap
   Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43, (2), 632-635
4. Trends in the school lunch program: Changes in selection, nutrition & health
   Food Policy, 2024, 124, (C)
   See also Working Paper Trends in the School Lunch Program: Changes in Selection, Nutrition & Health, NBER Working Papers (2023) (2023)
5. Work, Poverty, and Social Benefits over the Past Three Decades
   The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2024, 711, (1), 100-120
   See also Working Paper Work, Poverty, and Social Benefits Over the Past Three Decades, Working Papers (2024) (2024)

2023

6. Employment and Labor Supply Responses to the Child Tax Credit Expansion: Theory and Evidence
   The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2023, 710, (1), 141-156 View citations (5)
   See also Working Paper Employment and Labor Supply Responses to the Child Tax Credit Expansion: Theory and Evidence, NBER Working Papers (2024) View citations (1) (2024)
7. Understanding SNAP: An overview of recent research
   Food Policy, 2023, 114, (C)

2022

8. Does Money Still Matter? Attainment and Earnings Effects of Post-1990 School Finance Reforms
   Journal of Labor Economics, 2022, 40, (S1), S141 - S178 View citations (9)
   See also Working Paper Does Money Still Matter? Attainment and Earnings Effects of Post-1990 School Finance Reforms, NBER Working Papers (2021) View citations (2) (2021)
9. Limited supply and lagging enrollment: Production technologies and enrollment changes at community colleges during the pandemic
   Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 212, (C) View citations (2)
   See also Working Paper Limited Supply and Lagging Enrollment: Production Technologies and Enrollment Changes at Community Colleges during the Pandemic, NBER Working Papers (2022) View citations (3) (2022)

2021

10. Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View
    Tax Policy and the Economy, 2021, 35, (1), 87 - 129 View citations (16)
    See also Chapter Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View, NBER Chapters, 2020, 87-129 (2020) View citations (11) (2020)
    Working Paper Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View, IZA Discussion Papers (2020) View citations (10) (2020)

2020

11. The Social Safety Net in the Wake of COVID-19
    Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2020, 51, (2 (Summer)), 119-158 View citations (1)
    See also Working Paper The Social Safety Net in the Wake of COVID-19, NBER Working Papers (2020) View citations (55) (2020)

2019

12. Exploring Options to Improve the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
    The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2019, 686, (1), 204-228
13. Understanding recent trends in childhood obesity in the United States
    Economics & Human Biology, 2019, 34, (C), 16-25 View citations (10)

2018

14. CAN BENEFITS AND INCENTIVES PROMOTE WORK?
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2018, 37, (4), 903-911
15. EMPLOYMENT POLICIES SHOULD WORK WITH THE LABOR MARKET: A RESPONSE TO DR. MEAD
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2018, 37, (4), 914-916
16. Safety Nets Investments in Children
    Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2018, 49, (1 (Spring)), 89-150 View citations (13)
    See also Working Paper Safety Net Investments in Children, NBER Working Papers (2018) View citations (19) (2018)
17. School Finance Reform and the Distribution of Student Achievement
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2018, 10, (2), 1-26 View citations (125)
    See also Working Paper School Finance Reform and the Distribution of Student Achievement, NBER Working Papers (2016) View citations (13) (2016)

2017

18. Adequate (or Adipose?) Yearly Progress: Assessing the Effect of “No Child Left Behind” on Children's Obesity
    Education Finance and Policy, 2017, 12, (1), 54-76 View citations (2)
    See also Working Paper Adequate (or Adipose?) Yearly Progress: Assessing the Effect of "No Child Left Behind" on Children's Obesity, NBER Working Papers (2011) View citations (2) (2011)

2016

19. Beyond Income: What Else Predicts Very Low Food Security Among Children?
    Southern Economic Journal, 2016, 82, (4), 1078-1105 View citations (6)
20. First in the Class? Age and the Education Production Function
    Education Finance and Policy, 2016, 11, (3), 225-250 View citations (45)
    See also Working Paper First in the Class? Age and the Education Production Function, NBER Working Papers (2007) View citations (52) (2007)
21. Linking Teacher Quality, Student Attendance, and Student Achievement
    Education Finance and Policy, 2016, 11, (2), 125-149 View citations (27)
22. Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net
    American Economic Review, 2016, 106, (4), 903-34 View citations (265)
    See also Working Paper Long Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net, NBER Working Papers (2012) View citations (26) (2012)

2015

23. Changes in Safety Net Use during the Great Recession
    American Economic Review, 2015, 105, (5), 161-65 View citations (4)
24. Consumer Credit Trends by Income and Geography in 2001–12
    Chicago Fed Letter, 2015
25. The impact of Chicago’s small high school initiative
    Journal of Urban Economics, 2015, 87, (C), 100-113 View citations (6)
    See also Working Paper The Impact of Chicago's Small High School Initiative, Working Paper Series (2014) (2014)

2013

26. Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Childhood Investments on Postsecondary Attainment and Degree Completion
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2013, 32, (4), 692-717 View citations (53)
    See also Working Paper Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Childhood Investments on Postsecondary Attainment and Degree Completion, NBER Working Papers (2011) View citations (37) (2011)
27. The Impacts of Expanding Access to High-Quality Preschool Education
    Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2013, 44, (2 (Fall)), 127-192 View citations (84)
    See also Working Paper The Impacts of Expanding Access to High-Quality Preschool Education, NBER Working Papers (2013) View citations (74) (2013)

2012

28. Insights into Obesity from a Behavioral Economics Perspective: Discussion
    American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2012, 94, (2), 344-346 View citations (2)
29. Limitations of Experiments in Education Research
    Education Finance and Policy, 2012, 7, (2), 219-232
30. Work incentives and the Food Stamp Program
    Journal of Public Economics, 2012, 96, (1), 151-162 View citations (83)
    See also Working Paper Work Incentives and the Food Stamp Program, NBER Working Papers (2010) View citations (6) (2010)

2011

31. How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence from Project Star
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2011, 126, (4), 1593-1660 View citations (722)
    See also Working Paper How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence from Project Star, Scholarly Articles (2011) View citations (670) (2011)
32. Inside the War on Poverty: The Impact of Food Stamps on Birth Outcomes
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2011, 93, (2), 387-403 View citations (253)
    See also Working Paper Inside the War on Poverty: The Impact of Food Stamps on Birth Outcomes, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (13) (2008)
33. Is being in school better? The impact of school on children's BMI when starting age is endogenous
    Journal of Health Economics, 2011, 30, (5), 977-986 View citations (13)
    See also Working Paper Is Being in School Better? The Impact of School on Children's BMI When Starting Age is Endogenous, NBER Working Papers (2011) View citations (17) (2011)
34. Who would be affected by soda taxes?
    Chicago Fed Letter, 2011, (Mar) View citations (2)

2010

35. Consequences of SCHIP Expansions for Household Well-Being
    Forum for Health Economics & Policy, 2010, 13, (1), 32 View citations (17)
    See also Chapter Consequences of SCHIP Expansions for Household Well-Being, NBER Chapters, 2010 (2010) View citations (17) (2010)
36. Left Behind by Design: Proficiency Counts and Test-Based Accountability
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2010, 92, (2), 263-283 View citations (106)
    See also Working Paper Left Behind By Design: Proficiency Counts and Test-Based Accountability, NBER Working Papers (2007) View citations (24) (2007)

2009

37. Consumption Responses to In-Kind Transfers: Evidence from the Introduction of the Food Stamp Program
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009, 1, (4), 109-39 View citations (224)
    See also Working Paper Consumption Reponses to In-Kind Transfers: Evidence from the Introduction of the Food Stamp Program, Working Papers (2007) (2007)
38. Do School Lunches Contribute to Childhood Obesity?
    Journal of Human Resources, 2009, 44, (3) View citations (85)
    See also Working Paper Do School Lunches Contribute to Childhood Obesity?, Working Papers (2005) (2005)
39. Selection bias in college admissions test scores
    Economics of Education Review, 2009, 28, (3), 295-307 View citations (7)
    See also Working Paper Selection Bias in College Admissions Test Scores, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (3) (2008)
40. The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes
    Forum for Health Economics & Policy, 2009, 12, (1), 28 View citations (36)
    See also Chapter The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes, NBER Chapters, 2009 (2009) View citations (18) (2009)
    Working Paper The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes, NBER Working Papers (2009) View citations (18) (2009)
41. Time Use and Food Consumption
    American Economic Review, 2009, 99, (2), 170-76 View citations (21)

2005

42. Resource and Peer Impacts on Girls' Academic Achievement: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment
    American Economic Review, 2005, 95, (2), 199-203 View citations (57)

2001

43. The Effect of Attending a Small Class in the Early Grades on College-Test Taking and Middle School Test Results: Evidence from Project STAR
    Economic Journal, 2001, 111, (468), 1-28 View citations (314)
    See also Working Paper The Effect of Attending a Small Class in the Early Grades on College-Test Taking and Middle School Test Results: Evidence from Project STAR, NBER Working Papers (2000) View citations (21) (2000)

Chapters

2020

1. Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View
   A chapter in Tax Policy and the Economy, Volume 35, 2020, pp 87-129 View citations (11)
   See also Journal Article Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View, University of Chicago Press (2021) View citations (16) (2021)
   Working Paper Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) (2020) View citations (10) (2020)

2015

2. Current themes in education policy in the United States
   Chapter 7 in Social Policies in an Age of Austerity, 2015, pp 165-180
3. US Food and Nutrition Programs
   A chapter in Economics of Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, Volume 1, 2015, pp 219-301 View citations (22)
   See also Working Paper U.S. Food and Nutrition Programs, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley (2015) View citations (11) (2015)

2010

4. Chapter 1 School Policies and Children's Obesity
   A chapter in Current Issues in Health Economics, 2010, pp 1-16
5. Consequences of SCHIP Expansions for Household Well-Being
   A chapter in Frontiers in Health Policy Research, volume 13, 2010 View citations (17)
   See also Journal Article Consequences of SCHIP Expansions for Household Well-Being, De Gruyter (2010) View citations (17) (2010)

2009

6. The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes
   A chapter in Frontiers in Health Policy Research, volume 12, 2009 View citations (18)
   See also Journal Article The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes, De Gruyter (2009) View citations (36) (2009)
   Working Paper The Impact of Children's Public Health Insurance Expansions on Educational Outcomes, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2009) View citations (18) (2009)

2007

7. Childhood Disadvantage and Obesity: Is Nurture Trumping Nature?
   A chapter in The Problems of Disadvantaged Youth: An Economic Perspective, 2007, pp 149-180 View citations (19)
   See also Working Paper Childhood Disadvantage and Obesity: Is Nurture Trumping Nature?, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2007) View citations (20) (2007)