Details about Michael Kremer

Workplace:

Department of Economics, University of Chicago, (more information at EDIRC) National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), (more information at EDIRC)

Access statistics for papers by Michael Kremer.

Last updated 2023-03-10. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pkr20

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Working Papers

2024

1. Digital Information Provision and Behavior Change: Lessons from Six Experiments in East Africa
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2023

2. Intergenerational Child Mortality Impacts of Deworming: Experimental Evidence from Two Decades of the Kenya Life Panel Survey
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
3. The Long-Term Distributional Impacts of a Full-Year Interleaving Math Program in Nigeria
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
4. Water Treatment And Child Mortality: A Meta-Analysis And Cost-effectiveness Analysis
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)

2022

5. Blue Spoons: Sparking Communication About Appropriate Technology Use
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
6. Expanding Capacity for Vaccines Against Covid-19 and Future Pandemics: A Review of Economic Issues
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
7. The Endowment Effect and Collateralized Loans
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)

2021

8. Converging to Convergence
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)
   See also Chapter Converging to Convergence, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2021) View citations (14) (2021)
9. Could Vaccine Dose Stretching Reduce COVID-19 Deaths?
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
10. Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability
    Working Papers, Becker Friedman Institute for Research In Economics View citations (9)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2021) View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability, AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association (2021) View citations (6) (2021)
11. Testing Fractional doses of COVID-19 Vaccines
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
12. The Impact of Free Secondary Education: Experimental Evidence from Ghana
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (24)
13. Twenty-year economic impacts of deworming
    Department of Economics, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley View citations (4)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2020) View citations (1)
14. Water Treatment and Child Mortality: Evidence from Kenya
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)

2020

15. Advance Market Commitments: Insights from Theory and Experience
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (30)
    See also Journal Article Advance Market Commitments: Insights from Theory and Experience, AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association (2020) View citations (30) (2020)
16. Designing Advance Market Commitments for New Vaccines
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    Also in Working Papers, Becker Friedman Institute for Research In Economics (2020) View citations (5)
17. Optimal Subsidies for Prevention of Infectious Disease
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (1)
18. Optimal Vaccine Subsidies for Endemic and Epidemic Diseases
    Working Papers, Becker Friedman Institute for Research In Economics View citations (7)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2020) View citations (7)

2019

19. Experimentation, Innovation, and Economics
    Nobel Prize in Economics documents, Nobel Prize Committee
    See also Journal Article Experimentation, Innovation, and Economics, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2020) (2020)
20. School Vouchers, Labor Markets and Vocational Education
    Working papers, Red Investigadores de Economía View citations (1)
    Also in Borradores de Economia, Banco de la Republica de Colombia (2019) View citations (1)
21. Using RCTs to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (8)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2018) View citations (9)
    Department of Economics, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley (2018) View citations (3)

2018

22. Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global D
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (10)
23. Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global Demand for HIV Pharmaceuticals
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global Demand for HIV Pharmaceuticals, Review of Industrial Organization, Springer (2018) View citations (9) (2018)
24. Worst-Case Bounds on R&D and Pricing Distortions: Theory and Disturbing Conclusions if Consumer Values Follow the World Income
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (7)
25. Worst-Case Bounds on R&D and Pricing Distortions: Theory with an Application Assuming Consumer Values Follow the World Income Distribution
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (8)

2017

26. Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering
    SocArXiv, Center for Open Science
    Also in CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University (2008) View citations (1)
    Working Paper Series, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government (2008) View citations (64)
    See also Journal Article Estimating the Impact of The Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2009) View citations (182) (2009)
27. Should the WHO withdraw support for mass deworming?
    Department of Economics, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Should the WHO withdraw support for mass deworming?, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science (2017) View citations (1) (2017)

2016

28. Borrowing Requirements, Credit Access, and Adverse Selection: Evidence from Kenya
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (12)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2016) View citations (13)
29. Does Mass Deworming Affect Child Nutrition? Meta-analysis, Cost-Effectiveness, and Statistical Power
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (19)
30. Guns, Latrines, and Land Reform: Private Expectations and Public Policy
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
31. Meta-Analysis and Public Policy: Reconciling the Evidence on Deworming
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (14)

2015

32. Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (178)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2014) View citations (19)
    See also Journal Article Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2015) View citations (174) (2015)
33. Preventives Versus Treatments
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (37)
    See also Journal Article Preventives Versus Treatments, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2015) View citations (36) (2015)
34. The Case for Mass Treatment of Intestinal Helminths in Endemic Areas
    Department of Economics, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article The Case for Mass Treatment of Intestinal Helminths in Endemic Areas, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science (2015) View citations (2) (2015)
35. Vaccines vs. Preventives
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
36. When Should Governments Subsidize Health? The Case of Mass Deworming
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (12)
    Also in Working Papers, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy (2014)
    See also Journal Article When Should Governments Subsidize Health? The Case of Mass Deworming, The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank (2015) View citations (12) (2015)
37. Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (12)
    Also in Department of Economics, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley (2015) View citations (8)
    Working Papers, The George Washington University, Institute for International Economic Policy (2015) View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2016) View citations (98) (2016)

2014

38. Protecting Antiquities: A Role for Long-Term Leases?
    Working Paper, Harvard University OpenScholar
39. Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities, Data User's Guide
    Department of Economics, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley View citations (2)

2013

40. When Is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? The Impact of Time-Varying Consumer Heterogeneity
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    Also in Working Paper, Harvard University OpenScholar (2013) View citations (4)
41. When is Prevention More Profitable than Cure?
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University View citations (3)

2012

42. School Governance, Teacher Incentives, and Pupil-Teacher Ratios: Experimental Evidence from Kenyan Primary Schools
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (46)
    See also Journal Article School governance, teacher incentives, and pupil–teacher ratios: Experimental evidence from Kenyan primary schools, Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier (2015) View citations (96) (2015)

2011

43. Breaking Gender Barriers
    World Bank Publications - Reports, The World Bank Group View citations (1)
44. Education as Liberation?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (65)
    See also Journal Article Education as Liberation?, Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science (2016) View citations (47) (2016)

2009

45. Lessons from Randomized Evaluations in Education and Health
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (24)
46. Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (80)
    See also Journal Article Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2011) View citations (667) (2011)
47. Nudging Farmers to Utilize Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (53)
48. Spring Cleaning: Rural Water Impacts, Valuation and Property Rights Institutions
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (17)
    See also Journal Article Spring Cleaning: Rural Water Impacts, Valuation, and Property Rights Institutions, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2011) View citations (119) (2011)
49. Water and Human Well Being: An Executive Session on Grand Challenges of the Sustainability Transition
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University

2008

50. Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (45)
    Also in CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers (2008) View citations (53)
    See also Journal Article Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2011) View citations (547) (2011)

2007

51. Cost-Effective Prevention of Diarrheal Diseases: A Critical Review
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (9)
52. Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University View citations (20)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2007) View citations (23)
    See also Journal Article Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association (2009) View citations (164) (2009)
53. Mosquitoes: The Long-TermEffects of Malaria Eradication in India
    Working Paper Series, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government View citations (4)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2007) View citations (14)
54. Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit
    CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers View citations (331)
    Also in CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University (2006) View citations (64)
    NBER Technical Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2006) View citations (97)
    See also Chapter Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit, Handbook of Development Economics, Elsevier (2008) View citations (200) (2008)
55. What Works in Fighting Diarrheal Diseases in Developing Countries? A Critical Review
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (63)
    Also in CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University (2007) View citations (60)

2006

56. Advance Market Commitments for Vaccines Against Neglected Diseases: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University View citations (2)
57. Economic Transformation, Population Growth and the Long-Run World Income Distribution
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article Economic transformation, population growth and the long-run world income distribution, Journal of International Economics, Elsevier (2009) View citations (17) (2009)
58. Education and HIV/AIDS prevention: evidence from a randomized evaluation in Western Kenya
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (28)
    Also in Framed Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2006) View citations (18)

2005

59. Advanced Purchase Commitments for a Malaria Vaccine: Estimating Costs and Effectiveness
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
60. Incentives to learn
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (5)
    Also in Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2004) View citations (20)
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University (2004) View citations (5)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2004) View citations (73)
    See also Journal Article Incentives to Learn, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2009) View citations (195) (2009)
61. Schools meals, educational achievement and school competition: evidence from a randomized evaluation
    Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank View citations (40)
62. Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University View citations (19)
    See also Chapter Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries, Handbook of the Economics of Education, Elsevier (2006) View citations (203) (2006)

2004

63. Empathy or antipathy? The impact of diversity
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website
    See also Journal Article Empathy or Antipathy? The Impact of Diversity, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2006) View citations (153) (2006)
64. Long-Term Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers: Evidence from Administrative Records in Colombia
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (25)
    Also in Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2004) View citations (18)
65. Retrospective vs. prospective analyses of school inputs: The case of flip charts in kenya
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (98)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2000) View citations (24)
    See also Journal Article Retrospective vs. prospective analyses of school inputs: the case of flip charts in Kenya, Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier (2004) View citations (110) (2004)
66. The Illusion of Sustainability
    Working Papers, Center for Global Development View citations (8)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2004) View citations (11)
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2004) View citations (12)
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University (2004) View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article The Illusion of Sustainability, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2007) View citations (267) (2007)
67. The rockefeller effect
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (1)
68. Why is There No AIDS Vaccine?
    CID Working Papers, Center for International Development at Harvard University View citations (3)
69. Worms: Education and health externalities in kenya
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (1)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2001) View citations (19)

2003

70. Decentralization: A cautionary tale
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (30)
71. Incentives in Markets, Firms and Governments
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (23)
72. Networks, social learning, and technology adoption: The case of deworming drugs in kenya
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (23)
73. Peer Effects and Alcohol Use Among College Students
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (51)
    Also in Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2003) View citations (47)
    Mathematica Policy Research Reports, Mathematica Policy Research View citations (194)
    See also Journal Article Peer Effects and Alcohol Use among College Students, Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association (2008) View citations (168) (2008)
74. Teacher Incentives
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (51)
    Also in Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2003) View citations (21)
    See also Journal Article Teacher Incentives, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association (2010) View citations (93) (2010)
75. Why Are Drugs More Profitable Than Vaccines?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)

2002

76. Odious Debt
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (16)
    See also Journal Article Odious Debt, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2006) View citations (26) (2006)
77. Vouchers for private schooling in colombia: Evidence from a randomized natural experiment
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (241)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2001) View citations (83)
    See also Journal Article Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2002) View citations (346) (2002)

2001

78. A Biological Model of Unions
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article A Biological Model of Unions, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association (2009) View citations (1) (2009)
79. Searching for Prosperity
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (101)
    See also Journal Article Searching for prosperity, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier (2001) View citations (100) (2001)

2000

80. Creating Markets for New Vaccines Part I: Rationale
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (35)
    See also Chapter Creating Markets for New Vaccines - Part I: Rationale, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2001) View citations (22) (2001)
81. Creating Markets for New Vaccines Part II: Design Issues
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (24)
    See also Chapter Creating Markets for New Vaccines - Part II: Design Issues, NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2001) View citations (22) (2001)
82. Globalization and International Public Finance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (20)
83. Income-distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (59)
    See also Journal Article Income Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility, Journal of Economic Growth, Springer (2002) View citations (105) (2002)
84. Outside Funding of Community Organizations: Benefiting or Displacing the Poor?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)

1998

85. Textbooks and test scores: Evidence from a prospective evaluation in kenya
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (11)

1997

86. Disorganization
    William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan View citations (78)
    Also in Working papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics (1996) View citations (42)
    See also Journal Article Disorganization, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (1997) View citations (109) (1997)
87. Does Favorable Tax-Treatment of Housing Reduce Equipment Investment?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
88. Patent Buy-Outs: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (33)
    See also Journal Article Patent Buyouts: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (1998) View citations (146) (1998)
89. Why are Worker Cooperatives So Rare?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (52)

1996

90. Elephants
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    Also in Working papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics (1996) View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Elephants, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2000) View citations (41) (2000)
91. How Much Does Sorting Increase Inequality?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (12)
    Also in Working papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics (1996) View citations (10)
    See also Journal Article How Much does Sorting Increase Inequality?, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (1997) View citations (159) (1997)
92. Integrating Behavioral Choice into Epidemiological Models of the AIDS Epidemic
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (199)
93. Wage Inequality and Segregation
    Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research View citations (82)
94. Wage Inequality and Segregation by Skill
    Working papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics View citations (273)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (1996) View citations (295)

1994

95. Can Having Fewer Partners Increase Prevalence of Aids?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
96. Young Workers, Old Workers, and Convergence
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)

1993

97. Good Policy or Good Luck? Country Growth Performance and Temporary Shocks
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (483)
    See also Journal Article Good policy or good luck?: Country growth performance and temporary shocks, Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier (1993) View citations (487) (1993)

Journal Articles

2021

1. Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability
   AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2021, 111, 331-35 View citations (6)
   See also Working Paper Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability, Working Papers (2021) View citations (9) (2021)

2020

2. Advance Market Commitments: Insights from Theory and Experience
   AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2020, 110, 269-73 View citations (30)
   See also Working Paper Advance Market Commitments: Insights from Theory and Experience, NBER Working Papers (2020) View citations (30) (2020)
3. Experimentation, Innovation, and Economics
   American Economic Review, 2020, 110, (7), 1974-94
   See also Working Paper Experimentation, Innovation, and Economics, Nobel Prize in Economics documents (2019) (2019)

2019

4. Economic and political effects on currency clustering dynamics
   Quantitative Finance, 2019, 19, (5), 705-716 View citations (1)
5. Using Randomized Controlled Trials to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics
   Annual Review of Economics, 2019, 11, (1), 523-561 View citations (9)

2018

6. Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global Demand for HIV Pharmaceuticals
   Review of Industrial Organization, 2018, 53, (1), 235-273 View citations (9)
   See also Working Paper Preventives Versus Treatments Redux: Tighter Bounds on Distortions in Innovation Incentives with an Application to the Global Demand for HIV Pharmaceuticals, NBER Working Papers (2018) View citations (9) (2018)

2017

7. Should the WHO withdraw support for mass deworming?
   PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2017, 11, (6), 1-3 View citations (1)
   See also Working Paper Should the WHO withdraw support for mass deworming?, Department of Economics, Working Paper Series (2017) View citations (1) (2017)

2016

8. Education as Liberation?
   Economica, 2016, 83, (329), 1-30 View citations (47)
   See also Working Paper Education as Liberation?, NBER Working Papers (2011) View citations (65) (2011)
9. Guns, Latrines, and Land Reform: Dynamic Pigouvian Taxation
   American Economic Review, 2016, 106, (5), 83-88 View citations (3)
10. The New Role for the World Bank
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2016, 30, (1), 53-76 View citations (24)
11. Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2016, 131, (4), 1637-1680 View citations (98)
    See also Working Paper Worms at Work: Long-run Impacts of a Child Health Investment, NBER Working Papers (2015) View citations (12) (2015)

2015

12. Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya
    American Economic Review, 2015, 105, (9), 2757-97 View citations (174)
    See also Working Paper Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya, CEPR Discussion Papers (2015) View citations (178) (2015)
13. Preventives Versus Treatments
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2015, 130, (3), 1167-1239 View citations (36)
    See also Working Paper Preventives Versus Treatments, NBER Working Papers (2015) View citations (37) (2015)
14. School governance, teacher incentives, and pupil–teacher ratios: Experimental evidence from Kenyan primary schools
    Journal of Public Economics, 2015, 123, (C), 92-110 View citations (96)
    See also Working Paper School Governance, Teacher Incentives, and Pupil-Teacher Ratios: Experimental Evidence from Kenyan Primary Schools, NBER Working Papers (2012) View citations (46) (2012)
15. Self-Control at Work
    Journal of Political Economy, 2015, 123, (6), 1227 - 1277 View citations (117)
16. The Case for Mass Treatment of Intestinal Helminths in Endemic Areas
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2015, 9, (10), 1-5 View citations (2)
    See also Working Paper The Case for Mass Treatment of Intestinal Helminths in Endemic Areas, Department of Economics, Working Paper Series (2015) View citations (1) (2015)
17. When Should Governments Subsidize Health? The Case of Mass Deworming
    The World Bank Economic Review, 2015, 29, (suppl_1), S9-S24 View citations (12)
    See also Working Paper When Should Governments Subsidize Health? The Case of Mass Deworming, NBER Working Papers (2015) View citations (12) (2015)

2013

18. Behavioral Biases and Firm Behavior: Evidence from Kenyan Retail Shops
    American Economic Review, 2013, 103, (3), 362-68 View citations (30)

2011

19. Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya
    American Economic Review, 2011, 101, (6), 2350-90 View citations (667)
    See also Working Paper Nudging Farmers to Use Fertilizer: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Kenya, NBER Working Papers (2009) View citations (80) (2009)
20. Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya
    American Economic Review, 2011, 101, (5), 1739-74 View citations (547)
    See also Working Paper Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (45) (2008)
21. Spring Cleaning: Rural Water Impacts, Valuation, and Property Rights Institutions
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2011, 126, (1), 145-205 View citations (119)
    See also Working Paper Spring Cleaning: Rural Water Impacts, Valuation and Property Rights Institutions, NBER Working Papers (2009) View citations (17) (2009)
22. The Economics of International Refugee Law
    The Journal of Legal Studies, 2011, 40, (2), 367 - 404 View citations (11)

2010

23. Are Educational Vouchers Only Redistributive?
    Economic Journal, 2010, 120, (546), F204-F228 View citations (32)
24. Early-Life Malaria Exposure and Adult Outcomes: Evidence from Malaria Eradication in India
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2010, 2, (2), 72-94 View citations (192)
25. Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit
    Innovation Policy and the Economy, 2010, 10, (1), 1 - 17 View citations (31)
    See also Chapter Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit, NBER Chapters, 2010, 1-17 (2010) View citations (27) (2010)
26. Providing Safe Water: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations
    Annual Review of Resource Economics, 2010, 2, (1), 237-256 View citations (38)
27. Self-Control and the Development of Work Arrangements
    American Economic Review, 2010, 100, (2), 624-28 View citations (58)
28. Teacher Incentives
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2010, 2, (3), 205-27 View citations (93)
    See also Working Paper Teacher Incentives, NBER Working Papers (2003) View citations (51) (2003)

2009

29. A Biological Model of Unions
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009, 1, (2), 150-75 View citations (1)
    See also Working Paper A Biological Model of Unions, NBER Working Papers (2001) View citations (3) (2001)
30. Deworming and Development: Asking the Right Questions, Asking the Questions Right
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2009, 3, (1), 1-3 View citations (9)
31. Economic transformation, population growth and the long-run world income distribution
    Journal of International Economics, 2009, 79, (1), 20-30 View citations (17)
    See also Working Paper Economic Transformation, Population Growth and the Long-Run World Income Distribution, NBER Working Papers (2006) (2006)
32. Estimating the Impact of The Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2009, 124, (3), 1133-1170 View citations (182)
    See also Working Paper Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering, SocArXiv (2017) (2017)
33. Improving Education in the Developing World: What Have We Learned from Randomized Evaluations?
    Annual Review of Economics, 2009, 1, (1), 513-545 View citations (72)
34. Incentives to Learn
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2009, 91, (3), 437-456 View citations (195)
    See also Working Paper Incentives to learn, Policy Research Working Paper Series (2005) View citations (5) (2005)
35. Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009, 1, (1), 112-35 View citations (164)
    See also Working Paper Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya, CID Working Papers (2007) View citations (20) (2007)

2008

36. How High Are Rates of Return to Fertilizer? Evidence from Field Experiments in Kenya
    American Economic Review, 2008, 98, (2), 482-88 View citations (286)
37. Outside Funding and the Dynamics of Participation in Community Associations
    American Journal of Political Science, 2008, 52, (3), 585-602 View citations (29)
38. Peer Effects and Alcohol Use among College Students
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2008, 22, (3), 189-206 View citations (168)
    See also Working Paper Peer Effects and Alcohol Use Among College Students, NBER Working Papers (2003) View citations (51) (2003)

2007

39. The Illusion of Sustainability
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2007, 122, (3), 1007-1065 View citations (267)
    See also Working Paper The Illusion of Sustainability, Working Papers (2004) View citations (8) (2004)

2006

40. Advance Market Commitments: A Policy to Stimulate Investment in Vaccines for Neglected Diseases
    The Economists' Voice, 2006, 3, (3), 6 View citations (4)
41. Creating Markets for Vaccines (Innovations Case Discussion: International AIDS Vaccine Initiative)
    Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 2006, 1, (1), 67-79 View citations (2)
42. Empathy or Antipathy? The Impact of Diversity
    American Economic Review, 2006, 96, (5), 1890-1905 View citations (153)
    See also Working Paper Empathy or antipathy? The impact of diversity, Natural Field Experiments (2004) (2004)
43. Long-Term Educational Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers: Evidence from Administrative Records in Colombia
    American Economic Review, 2006, 96, (3), 847-862 View citations (267)
44. Missing in Action: Teacher and Health Worker Absence in Developing Countries
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2006, 20, (1), 91-116 View citations (443)
45. Odious Debt
    American Economic Review, 2006, 96, (1), 82-92 View citations (26)
    See also Working Paper Odious Debt, NBER Working Papers (2002) View citations (16) (2002)

2005

46. "Measuring Poverty": Discussion
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2005, 87, (1), 23-25
47. Encouraging Private Sector Research for Tropical Agriculture
    World Development, 2005, 33, (1), 87-105 View citations (11)
48. Motivation matters: merit scholarships and student achievement
    Proceedings, 2005, 61-64
49. Teacher Absence in India: A Snapshot
    Journal of the European Economic Association, 2005, 3, (2-3), 658-667 View citations (123)

2004

50. Rejoinder to De Alessi
    Econ Journal Watch, 2004, 1, (2), 277-278
51. Response to De Alessi
    Econ Journal Watch, 2004, 1, (1), 55-57 View citations (1)
52. Retrospective vs. prospective analyses of school inputs: the case of flip charts in Kenya
    Journal of Development Economics, 2004, 74, (1), 251-268 View citations (110)
    See also Working Paper Retrospective vs. prospective analyses of school inputs: The case of flip charts in kenya, Natural Field Experiments (2004) View citations (98) (2004)
53. Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities
    Econometrica, 2004, 72, (1), 159-217 View citations (1073)

2003

54. Elephants: Reply
    American Economic Review, 2003, 93, (4), 1446-1448 View citations (7)
55. Randomized Evaluations of Educational Programs in Developing Countries: Some Lessons
    American Economic Review, 2003, 93, (2), 102-106 View citations (126)

2002

56. Income Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility
    Journal of Economic Growth, 2002, 7, (3), 227-58 View citations (105)
    Also in American Economic Review, 1999, 89, (2), 155-160 (1999) View citations (85)
    See also Working Paper Income-distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility, NBER Working Papers (2000) View citations (59) (2000)
57. Pharmaceuticals and the Developing World
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2002, 16, (4), 67-90 View citations (113)
58. Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment
    American Economic Review, 2002, 92, (5), 1535-1558 View citations (346)
    See also Working Paper Vouchers for private schooling in colombia: Evidence from a randomized natural experiment, Natural Field Experiments (2002) View citations (241) (2002)

2001

59. Does favorable tax-treatment of housing reduce non-housing investment?
    Journal of Public Economics, 2001, 81, (3), 369-391 View citations (1)
60. Searching for prosperity
    Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 2001, 55, (1), 275-303 View citations (100)
    See also Working Paper Searching for Prosperity, NBER Working Papers (2001) View citations (101) (2001)

2000

61. Elephants
    American Economic Review, 2000, 90, (1), 212-234 View citations (41)
    See also Working Paper Elephants, NBER Working Papers (1996) (1996)

1998

62. Patent Buyouts: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998, 113, (4), 1137-1167 View citations (146)
    See also Working Paper Patent Buy-Outs: A Mechanism for Encouraging Innovation, NBER Working Papers (1997) View citations (33) (1997)
63. Why Isn't Convergence Instantaneous? Young Workers, Old Workers, and Gradual Adjustment
    Journal of Economic Growth, 1998, 3, (1), 5-28 View citations (34)

1997

64. Disorganization
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1997, 112, (4), 1091-1126 View citations (109)
    See also Working Paper Disorganization, William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series (1997) View citations (78) (1997)
65. How Much does Sorting Increase Inequality?
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1997, 112, (1), 115-139 View citations (159)
    See also Working Paper How Much Does Sorting Increase Inequality?, NBER Working Papers (1996) View citations (12) (1996)

1996

66. Integrating Behavioral Choice into Epidemiological Models of AIDS
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1996, 111, (2), 549-573 View citations (245)

1995

67. A teoria "anel em O" de desenvolvimento econômico
    Revista Brasileira de Economia - RBE, 1995, 49, (2)
68. Research on Schooling: What We Know and What We Don't: A Comment
    The World Bank Research Observer, 1995, 10, (2), 247-54 View citations (58)

1994

69. Paper by Carroll and Weil: A comment
    Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 1994, 40, (1), 193-197

1993

70. Good policy or good luck?: Country growth performance and temporary shocks
    Journal of Monetary Economics, 1993, 32, (3), 459-483 View citations (487)
    See also Working Paper Good Policy or Good Luck? Country Growth Performance and Temporary Shocks, NBER Working Papers (1993) View citations (483) (1993)
71. Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1993, 108, (3), 681-716 View citations (503)
72. The O-Ring Theory of Economic Development
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1993, 108, (3), 551-575 View citations (886)

Books

2003

1. Regional Public Goods: From Theory to Practice
   IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank View citations (1)

Chapters

2021

1. Converging to Convergence
   A chapter in NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021, volume 36, 2021, pp 337-412 View citations (14)
   See also Working Paper Converging to Convergence, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2021) View citations (15) (2021)

2014

2. Contract Farming and Agricultural Productivity in Western Kenya
   A chapter in African Successes, Volume IV: Sustainable Growth, 2014, pp 137-160 View citations (2)
3. Success in Entrepreneurship: Doing the Math
   A chapter in African Successes, Volume II: Human Capital, 2014, pp 281-303

2011

4. Improving Health in Developing Countries
   Elsevier View citations (30)

2010

5. Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit
   A chapter in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 10, 2010, pp 1-17 View citations (27)
   See also Journal Article Incentivizing Innovation: Adding to the Tool Kit, University of Chicago Press (2010) View citations (31) (2010)

2008

6. Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit
   Elsevier View citations (200)
   See also Working Paper Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers (2007) View citations (331) (2007)

2006

7. Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries
   Elsevier View citations (203)
   See also Working Paper Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries, Center for International Development at Harvard University (2005) View citations (19) (2005)

2001

8. Creating Markets for New Vaccines - Part I: Rationale
   A chapter in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 1, 2001, pp 35-72 View citations (22)
   See also Working Paper Creating Markets for New Vaccines Part I: Rationale, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2000) View citations (35) (2000)
9. Creating Markets for New Vaccines - Part II: Design Issues
   A chapter in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 1, 2001, pp 73-118 View citations (22)
   See also Working Paper Creating Markets for New Vaccines Part II: Design Issues, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2000) View citations (24) (2000)