Details about Steven Levitt

E-mail:
Homepage:	https://voices.uchicago.edu/levitt/
Phone:	773 834 1862
Postal address:	Kenneth C. Griffin Department of Economics, University of Chicago 1126 E. 59th Street Chicago, IL 60637
Workplace:	Department of Economics, University of Chicago, (more information at EDIRC)

Access statistics for papers by Steven Levitt.

Last updated 2021-10-05. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: ple59

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Working Papers

2020

1. Introducing CogX: A New Preschool Education Program Combining Parent and Child Intervention
   Working Papers, Becker Friedman Institute for Research In Economics View citations (15)
   Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2020) View citations (14)
   Framed Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2020) View citations (14)

2019

2. The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime over the Last Two Decades
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)

2017

3. The Past, Present, and Future of Economics: A Celebration of the 125-Year Anniversary of the JPE and of Chicago Economics
   Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (4)

2016

4. A Glimpse into the World of High Capacity Givers: Experimental Evidence from a University Capital Campaign
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (14)
   Also in Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2015)
5. Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
   See also Journal Article Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness, The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd (2021) View citations (15) (2021)
6. The Effect of Performance-Based Incentives on Educational Achievement: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (55)
   Also in Framed Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2016) View citations (45)
7. Using Big Data to Estimate Consumer Surplus: The Case of Uber
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (120)

2015

8. Catching Cheating Students
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
   See also Journal Article Catching Cheating Students, Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science (2020) View citations (3) (2020)
9. Parental Incentives and Early Childhood Achievement: A Field Experiment in Chicago Heights
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (73)
   Also in Framed Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2015) View citations (69)

2014

10. The Economic Impact of Hurricane Katrina on its Victims: Evidence from Individual Tax Returns
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (48)
    See also Journal Article The Economic Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Its Victims: Evidence from Individual Tax Returns, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association (2018) View citations (154) (2018)

2013

11. The behavioralist goes to school: Leveraging behavioral economics to improve educational performance
    Framed Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (7)
    Also in ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research (2012) View citations (70)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2012) View citations (71)
    See also Journal Article The Behavioralist Goes to School: Leveraging Behavioral Economics to Improve Educational Performance, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association (2016) View citations (146) (2016)

2012

12. Enhancing the Efficacy of Teacher Incentives through Loss Aversion: A Field Experiment
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (174)
    Also in Framed Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2012) View citations (170)
13. Toward an Understanding of Learning by Doing: Evidence from an Automobile Assembly Plant
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (21)
    See also Journal Article Toward an Understanding of Learning by Doing: Evidence from an Automobile Assembly Plant, Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press (2013) View citations (107) (2013)
14. Toward an Understanding of Learning by Doing: Evidence from an Automobile Plant
    Natural Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (18)

2011

15. The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker: Evidence from the World Series of Poker
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker Evidence From the World Series of Poker, Journal of Sports Economics (2014) View citations (9) (2014)

2010

16. Checkmate: Exploring backward induction among chess players
    Artefactual Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (2)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2009) View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article Checkmate: Exploring Backward Induction among Chess Players, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2011) View citations (98) (2011)
17. The Plight of Mixed Race Adolescents
    MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany View citations (1)
    Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2008) View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article The Plight of Mixed-Race Adolescents, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2012) View citations (8) (2012)
18. What happens in the field stays in the field: Professionals do not play minimax in laboratory experiments
    Artefactual Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (54)

2009

19. An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (19)
    See also Journal Article An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association (2010) View citations (280) (2010)
20. Can field experiments return agricultural economics to the glory days?
    Artefactual Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article Can Field Experiments Return Agricultural Economics to the Glory Days?, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (2009) View citations (11) (2009)
21. Professionals Do Not Play Minimax: Evidence from Major League Baseball and the National Football League
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (24)
22. Was there Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (20)
    See also Journal Article Was There Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association (2011) View citations (76) (2011)
23. What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Exploring Whether Professionals Play Minimax in Laboratory Experiments
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Exploring Whether Professionals Play Minimax in Laboratory Experiments, Econometrica, Econometric Society (2010) View citations (56) (2010)

2008

24. Exploring the Impact of Financial Incentives on Stereotype Threat: Evidence from a Pilot Study
    Scholarly Articles, Harvard University Department of Economics View citations (29)
    Also in Artefactual Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2008) View citations (30)
    See also Journal Article Exploring the Impact of Financial Incentives on Stereotype Threat: Evidence from a Pilot Study, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2008) View citations (27) (2008)
25. Field Experiments in Economics: The Past, The Present, and The Future
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)
    Also in Artefactual Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website (2008) View citations (97)
    See also Journal Article Field experiments in economics: The past, the present, and the future, European Economic Review, Elsevier (2009) View citations (251) (2009)
26. Homo economicus evolves
    Artefactual Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (77)

2007

27. Hatred and Profits: Getting Under the Hood of the Ku Klux Klan
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
28. Viewpoint: On the generalizability of lab behaviour to the field
    Artefactual Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (104)
    See also Journal Article Viewpoint: On the generalizability of lab behaviour to the field, Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association (2007) View citations (122) (2007)
29. What do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World
    Artefactual Field Experiments, The Field Experiments Website View citations (1404)
    See also Journal Article What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World?, Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association (2007) View citations (1427) (2007)

2006

30. An Economist Sells Bagels: A Case Study in Profit Maximization
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (25)
31. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Safety Seats and Seat Belts in Protecting Children from Injury
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHILD SAFETY SEATS AND SEAT BELTS IN PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM INJURY, Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International (2010) View citations (9) (2010)
32. Measurement Error, Legalized Abortion, and the Decline in Crime: A Response to Foote and Goetz (2005)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
33. Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2013) View citations (36) (2013)

2005

34. Evidence that Seat Belts are as Effective as Child Safety Seats in Preventing Death for Children Aged Two and Up
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article Evidence that Seat Belts Are as Effective as Child Safety Seats in Preventing Death for Children Aged Two and Up, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2008) View citations (10) (2008)
35. Market Distortions when Agents are Better Informed: The Value of Information in Real Estate Transactions
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (27)
    See also Journal Article Market Distortions When Agents Are Better Informed: The Value of Information in Real Estate Transactions, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2008) View citations (238) (2008)
36. Measuring the Impact of Crack Cocaine
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (44)
37. The Black-White Test Score Gap Through Third Grade
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (18)
    See also Journal Article The Black-White Test Score Gap Through Third Grade, American Law and Economics Review, American Law and Economics Association (2006) View citations (93) (2006)

2003

38. Catching Cheating Teachers: The Results of an Unusual Experiment in Implementing Theory
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
39. Further Evidence that Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime: A Reply to Joyce
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (19)
    See also Journal Article Further Evidence that Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime: A Reply to Joyce, Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press (2004) View citations (72) (2004)
40. How Do Markets Function? An Empirical Analysis of Gambling on the National Football League
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
41. Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (324)
    Also in Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, Working Paper Series, Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics (2002) View citations (22)
    See also Journal Article Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2003) View citations (331) (2003)
42. Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from "Weakest Link"
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from Weakest Link, Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press (2004) View citations (92) (2004)
43. The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2004) View citations (235) (2004)
44. The Effect of School Choice on Student Outcomes: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (54)

2002

45. Crimen en Colombia: análisis y sugerencias de política
    Informes de Investigación, Fedesarrollo View citations (1)
46. Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (24)
    See also Journal Article Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2004) View citations (275) (2004)

2001

47. An Empirical Analysis of Imprisoning Drug Offenders
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (8)
    See also Journal Article An empirical analysis of imprisoning drug offenders, Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier (2004) View citations (56) (2004)

2000

48. The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (15)
    Also in Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, Working Paper Series, Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics (2000) View citations (8)
    See also Journal Article The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2001) View citations (286) (2001)
49. The Impact of School Choice on Student Outcomes: An Analysis of the Chicago Public Schools
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (34)
    See also Journal Article The impact of school choice on student outcomes: an analysis of the Chicago Public Schools, Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier (2005) View citations (125) (2005)
50. Understanding crime in Colombia and what can be done about It
    Working Papers Series. Documentos de Trabajo, Fedesarrollo View citations (20)
51. Winning Isn't Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (8)
    See also Journal Article Winning Isn't Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (2002) View citations (116) (2002)

1999

52. Estimating the Effect of Alcohol on Driver Risk Using Only Fatal Accident Statistics
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
53. Legalized Abortion and Crime
    JCPR Working Papers, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research View citations (13)
54. Sample Selection in the Estimation of Air Bag and Seat Belt Effectiveness
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article Sample Selection In The Estimation Of Air Bag And Seat Belt Effectiveness, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (2001) View citations (33) (2001)

1998

55. An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (2000) View citations (134) (2000)
56. The Impact of Race on Policing, Arrest Patterns, and Crime
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
57. Using Sentence Enhancements to Distinguish between Deterrence and Incapacitation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Using Sentence Enhancements to Distinguish between Deterrence and Incapacitation, Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press (1999) View citations (123) (1999)

1997

58. Juvenile Crime and Punishment
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article Juvenile Crime and Punishment, Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press (1998) View citations (209) (1998)
59. Measuring Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis of Lojack
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article Measuring Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis of Lojack, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (1998) View citations (157) (1998)

1996

60. Crime, Urban Flight, and the Consequences for Cities
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (16)
    See also Journal Article Crime, Urban Flight, And The Consequences For Cities, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press (1999) View citations (204) (1999)

1995

61. The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence From Prison Overcrowding Litigation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence from Prison Overcrowding Litigation, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College (1996) View citations (296) (1996)
62. The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes, Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press (1997) View citations (181) (1997)
63. Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Policeon Crime
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (12)
    See also Journal Article Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime, American Economic Review, American Economic Association (1997) View citations (587) (1997)
64. Why Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (11)
    See also Journal Article Why Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?, Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International (1998) View citations (149) (1998)

1994

65. Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance, Public Choice, Springer (1999) View citations (69) (1999)

Journal Articles

2021

1. Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness
   The Review of Economic Studies, 2021, 88, (1), 378-405 View citations (15)
   See also Working Paper Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness, NBER Working Papers (2016) View citations (5) (2016)

2020

2. Catching Cheating Students
   Economica, 2020, 87, (348), 885-900 View citations (3)
   See also Working Paper Catching Cheating Students, NBER Working Papers (2015) View citations (1) (2015)

2019

3. Behavior in Strategic Settings: Evidence from a Million Rock-Paper-Scissors Games
   Games, 2019, 10, (2), 1-34 View citations (13)

2018

4. The Economic Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Its Victims: Evidence from Individual Tax Returns
   American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2018, 10, (2), 202-33 View citations (154)
   See also Working Paper The Economic Impact of Hurricane Katrina on its Victims: Evidence from Individual Tax Returns, NBER Working Papers (2014) View citations (48) (2014)

2017

5. The Economics of Crime
   Journal of Political Economy, 2017, 125, (6), 1920 - 1925 View citations (4)

2016

6. Bagels and donuts for sale: A case study in profit maximization
   Research in Economics, 2016, 70, (4), 518-535 View citations (5)
7. The Behavioralist Goes to School: Leveraging Behavioral Economics to Improve Educational Performance
   American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2016, 8, (4), 183-219 View citations (146)
   See also Working Paper The behavioralist goes to school: Leveraging behavioral economics to improve educational performance, Framed Field Experiments (2013) View citations (7) (2013)

2014

8. The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker Evidence From the World Series of Poker
   Journal of Sports Economics, 2014, 15, (1), 31-44 View citations (9)
   See also Working Paper The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker: Evidence from the World Series of Poker, NBER Working Papers (2011) View citations (4) (2011)
9. What field experiments have and have not taught us about managing workers
   Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2014, 30, (4), 639-657 View citations (21)

2013

10. Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children
    American Economic Review, 2013, 103, (2), 981-1005 View citations (36)
    See also Working Paper Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children, NBER Working Papers (2006) View citations (6) (2006)
11. Toward an Understanding of Learning by Doing: Evidence from an Automobile Assembly Plant
    Journal of Political Economy, 2013, 121, (4), 643 - 681 View citations (107)
    See also Working Paper Toward an Understanding of Learning by Doing: Evidence from an Automobile Assembly Plant, NBER Working Papers (2012) View citations (21) (2012)
12. What Can Be Done to Improve Struggling High Schools?
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2013, 27, (2), 133-52 View citations (20)

2012

13. Hatred and Profits: Under the Hood of the Ku Klux Klan
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2012, 127, (4), 1883-1925 View citations (9)
14. Identifying Terrorists using Banking Data
    The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2012, 13, (3), 23
15. The Plight of Mixed-Race Adolescents
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2012, 94, (3), 621-634 View citations (8)
    See also Working Paper The Plight of Mixed Race Adolescents, MPRA Paper (2010) View citations (1) (2010)

2011

16. Checkmate: Exploring Backward Induction among Chess Players
    American Economic Review, 2011, 101, (2), 975-90 View citations (98)
    See also Working Paper Checkmate: Exploring backward induction among chess players, Artefactual Field Experiments (2010) View citations (2) (2010)
17. Predicting and Preventing Shootings among At-Risk Youth
    American Economic Review, 2011, 101, (3), 288-92 View citations (19)
18. Was There Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2011, 3, (1), 224-38 View citations (76)
    See also Working Paper Was there Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments, NBER Working Papers (2009) View citations (20) (2009)

2010

19. An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2010, 2, (2), 210-40 View citations (280)
    See also Working Paper An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics, NBER Working Papers (2009) View citations (19) (2009)
20. EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHILD SAFETY SEATS AND SEAT BELTS IN PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM INJURY
    Economic Inquiry, 2010, 48, (3), 521-536 View citations (9)
    See also Working Paper Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Safety Seats and Seat Belts in Protecting Children from Injury, NBER Working Papers (2006) (2006)
21. What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Exploring Whether Professionals Play Minimax in Laboratory Experiments
    Econometrica, 2010, 78, (4), 1413-1434 View citations (56)
    See also Working Paper What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Exploring Whether Professionals Play Minimax in Laboratory Experiments, NBER Working Papers (2009) View citations (6) (2009)

2009

22. Can Field Experiments Return Agricultural Economics to the Glory Days?
    American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2009, 91, (5), 1259-1265 View citations (11)
    See also Working Paper Can field experiments return agricultural economics to the glory days?, Artefactual Field Experiments (2009) View citations (9) (2009)
23. Field experiments in economics: The past, the present, and the future
    European Economic Review, 2009, 53, (1), 1-18 View citations (251)
    See also Working Paper Field Experiments in Economics: The Past, The Present, and The Future, NBER Working Papers (2008) View citations (15) (2008)
24. The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Teen Childbearing
    American Law and Economics Review, 2009, 11, (1), 24-46 View citations (11)

2008

25. Evidence that Seat Belts Are as Effective as Child Safety Seats in Preventing Death for Children Aged Two and Up
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 90, (1), 158-163 View citations (10)
    See also Working Paper Evidence that Seat Belts are as Effective as Child Safety Seats in Preventing Death for Children Aged Two and Up, NBER Working Papers (2005) View citations (2) (2005)
26. Exploring the Impact of Financial Incentives on Stereotype Threat: Evidence from a Pilot Study
    American Economic Review, 2008, 98, (2), 370-75 View citations (27)
    See also Working Paper Exploring the Impact of Financial Incentives on Stereotype Threat: Evidence from a Pilot Study, Scholarly Articles (2008) View citations (29) (2008)
27. Market Distortions When Agents Are Better Informed: The Value of Information in Real Estate Transactions
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 90, (4), 599-611 View citations (238)
    See also Working Paper Market Distortions when Agents are Better Informed: The Value of Information in Real Estate Transactions, NBER Working Papers (2005) View citations (27) (2005)
28. Measurement Error, Legalized Abortion, and the Decline in Crime: A Response to Foote and Goetz
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2008, 123, (1), 425-440 View citations (51)

2007

29. Testing the Efficiency of Markets in the 2002 World Cup
    Journal of Prediction Markets, 2007, 1, (3), 255-270 View citations (17)
30. Viewpoint: On the generalizability of lab behaviour to the field
    Canadian Journal of Economics, 2007, 40, (2), 347-370 View citations (122)
    Also in Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, 2007, 40, (2), 347-370 (2007) View citations (92)
    See also Working Paper Viewpoint: On the generalizability of lab behaviour to the field, Artefactual Field Experiments (2007) View citations (104) (2007)
31. What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World?
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2007, 21, (2), 153-174 View citations (1427)
    See also Working Paper What do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World, Artefactual Field Experiments (2007) View citations (1404) (2007)
32. What Does Performance in Graduate School Predict? Graduate Economics Education and Student Outcomes
    American Economic Review, 2007, 97, (2), 512-520 View citations (24)

2006

33. The Black-White Test Score Gap Through Third Grade
    American Law and Economics Review, 2006, 8, (2), 249-281 View citations (93)
    See also Working Paper The Black-White Test Score Gap Through Third Grade, NBER Working Papers (2005) View citations (18) (2005)
34. The Effect of School Choice on Participants: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries
    Econometrica, 2006, 74, (5), 1191-1230 View citations (267)
35. White-Collar Crime Writ Small: A Case Study of Bagels, Donuts, and the Honor System
    American Economic Review, 2006, 96, (2), 290-294 View citations (35)

2005

36. The impact of school choice on student outcomes: an analysis of the Chicago Public Schools
    Journal of Public Economics, 2005, 89, (5-6), 729-760 View citations (125)
    See also Working Paper The Impact of School Choice on Student Outcomes: An Analysis of the Chicago Public Schools, NBER Working Papers (2000) View citations (34) (2000)

2004

37. An empirical analysis of imprisoning drug offenders
    Journal of Public Economics, 2004, 88, (9-10), 2043-2066 View citations (56)
    See also Working Paper An Empirical Analysis of Imprisoning Drug Offenders, NBER Working Papers (2001) View citations (8) (2001)
38. Further Evidence that Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime: A Reply to Joyce
    Journal of Human Resources, 2004, 39, (1) View citations (72)
    See also Working Paper Further Evidence that Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime: A Reply to Joyce, NBER Working Papers (2003) View citations (19) (2003)
39. Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from Weakest Link
    Journal of Law and Economics, 2004, 47, (2), 431-52 View citations (92)
    See also Working Paper Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from "Weakest Link", NBER Working Papers (2003) View citations (7) (2003)
40. The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2004, 119, (3), 767-805 View citations (235)
    See also Working Paper The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names, NBER Working Papers (2003) View citations (13) (2003)
41. Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004, 18, (1), 163-190 View citations (310)
42. Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004, 86, (2), 447-464 View citations (275)
    See also Working Paper Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School, NBER Working Papers (2002) View citations (24) (2002)
43. Why are gambling markets organised so differently from financial markets?
    Economic Journal, 2004, 114, (495), 223-246 View citations (219)

2003

44. An Examination of the Influence of Theory and Individual Theorists on Empirical Research in Microeconomics
    American Economic Review, 2003, 93, (2), 151-155 View citations (8)
45. Prison Conditions, Capital Punishment, and Deterrence
    American Law and Economics Review, 2003, 5, (2), 318-343 View citations (90)
46. Review of Drug War Heresies by MacCoun and Reuter
    Journal of Economic Literature, 2003, 41, (2), 540-544 View citations (3)
47. Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2003, 118, (3), 843-877 View citations (331)
    See also Working Paper Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating, NBER Working Papers (2003) View citations (324) (2003)

2002

48. Testing Mixed-Strategy Equilibria When Players Are Heterogeneous: The Case of Penalty Kicks in Soccer
    American Economic Review, 2002, 92, (4), 1138-1151 View citations (199)
49. Testing the Economic Model of Crime:The National Hockey League's Two-Referee Experiment
    The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2002, 1, (1), 21 View citations (21)
50. Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effects of Police on Crime: Reply
    American Economic Review, 2002, 92, (4), 1244-1250 View citations (193)
51. Winning Isn't Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling
    American Economic Review, 2002, 92, (5), 1594-1605 View citations (116)
    See also Working Paper Winning Isn't Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling, NBER Working Papers (2000) View citations (8) (2000)

2001

52. Growing Up in the Projects: The Economic Lives of a Cohort of Men Who Came of Age in Chicago Public Housing
    American Economic Review, 2001, 91, (2), 79-84 View citations (15)
53. How Dangerous Are Drinking Drivers?
    Journal of Political Economy, 2001, 109, (6), 1198-1237 View citations (105)
54. Sample Selection In The Estimation Of Air Bag And Seat Belt Effectiveness
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2001, 83, (4), 603-615 View citations (33)
    See also Working Paper Sample Selection in the Estimation of Air Bag and Seat Belt Effectiveness, NBER Working Papers (1999) View citations (2) (1999)
55. The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2001, 116, (2), 379-420 View citations (286)
    See also Working Paper The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime, NBER Working Papers (2000) View citations (15) (2000)
56. The Impact of Race on Policing and Arrests
    Journal of Law and Economics, 2001, 44, (2), 367-94 View citations (55)

2000

57. An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2000, 115, (3), 755-789 View citations (134)
    See also Working Paper An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances, NBER Working Papers (1998) View citations (4) (1998)

1999

58. Comparing Interest Group Scores across Time and Chambers: Adjusted ADA Scores for the U.S. Congress
    American Political Science Review, 1999, 93, (1), 33-50 View citations (52)
59. Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance
    Public Choice, 1999, 99, (1-2), 185-216 View citations (69)
    See also Working Paper Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance, NBER Working Papers (1994) View citations (5) (1994)
60. Crime, Urban Flight, And The Consequences For Cities
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1999, 81, (2), 159-169 View citations (204)
    See also Working Paper Crime, Urban Flight, and the Consequences for Cities, NBER Working Papers (1996) View citations (16) (1996)
61. The changing relationship between income and crime victimization
    Economic Policy Review, 1999, 5, (Sep), 87-98 View citations (48)
62. Using Sentence Enhancements to Distinguish between Deterrence and Incapacitation
    Journal of Law and Economics, 1999, 42, (1), 343-63 View citations (123)
    See also Working Paper Using Sentence Enhancements to Distinguish between Deterrence and Incapacitation, NBER Working Papers (1998) View citations (1) (1998)

1998

63. Are PACs Trying to Influence Politicians or Voters?
    Economics and Politics, 1998, 10, (1), 19-35 View citations (6)
64. Guns, Violence, and the Efficiency of Illegal Markets
    American Economic Review, 1998, 88, (2), 463-67 View citations (25)
65. Juvenile Crime and Punishment
    Journal of Political Economy, 1998, 106, (6), 1156-1185 View citations (209)
    See also Working Paper Juvenile Crime and Punishment, NBER Working Papers (1997) View citations (6) (1997)
66. Measuring Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis of Lojack
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998, 113, (1), 43-77 View citations (157)
    See also Working Paper Measuring Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis of Lojack, NBER Working Papers (1997) View citations (4) (1997)
67. The Hazards of Moral Hazard: Comment on Goff, Shughart, and Tollison
    Economic Inquiry, 1998, 36, (4), 685-87 View citations (8)
68. Why Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?
    Economic Inquiry, 1998, 36, (3), 353-72 View citations (149)
    See also Working Paper Why Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?, NBER Working Papers (1995) View citations (11) (1995)

1997

69. Incentive compatibility constraints as an explanation for the use of prison sentences instead of fines
    International Review of Law and Economics, 1997, 17, (2), 179-192 View citations (33)
70. Is No. News Bad News? Information Transmission and the Role of "Early Warning" in the Principal-Agent Model
    RAND Journal of Economics, 1997, 28, (4), 641-661 View citations (75)
71. The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes
    Journal of Political Economy, 1997, 105, (1), 30-53 View citations (181)
    See also Working Paper The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes, NBER Working Papers (1995) (1995)
72. Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime
    American Economic Review, 1997, 87, (3), 270-90 View citations (587)
    See also Working Paper Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Policeon Crime, NBER Working Papers (1995) View citations (12) (1995)

1996

73. How Do Senators Vote? Disentangling the Role of Voter Preferences, Party Affiliation, and Senate Ideology
    American Economic Review, 1996, 86, (3), 425-41 View citations (203)
74. The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence from Prison Overcrowding Litigation
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1996, 111, (2), 319-351 View citations (296)
    See also Working Paper The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence From Prison Overcrowding Litigation, NBER Working Papers (1995) View citations (5) (1995)

1995

75. Optimal Incentive Schemes When Only the Agents' "Best" Output Matters to the Principal
    RAND Journal of Economics, 1995, 26, (4), 744-760 View citations (21)
76. Policy Watch: Congressional Campaign Finance Reform
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995, 9, (1), 183-193 View citations (16)

1994

77. AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF COMPETING EXPLANATIONS FOR THE MIDTERM GAP IN THE U.S. HOUSE*
    Economics and Politics, 1994, 6, (1), 25-37 View citations (5)
78. Using Repeat Challengers to Estimate the Effect of Campaign Spending on Election Outcomes in the U.S. House
    Journal of Political Economy, 1994, 102, (4), 777-98 View citations (152)

Books

2016

1. Microeconomics
   Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan View citations (1)

Edited books

2008

1. Economics of Criminal Law
   Books, Edward Elgar Publishing View citations (6)

Chapters

2007

1. Empirical Study of Criminal Punishment
   Elsevier View citations (49)

2001

2. The Determinants of Juvenile Crime
   A chapter in Risky Behavior among Youths: An Economic Analysis, 2001, pp 327-374 View citations (86)

Editor

1. Journal of Political Economy
   University of Chicago Press