AEA Papers and Proceedings

2018 - 2024

Current editor(s): William Johnson and Kelly Markel

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Volume 112, month May, 2022

Foreword pp. xi-xii

Christina D. Romer

Editors' Introduction pp. xiii-

William Johnson and Mary Roth

On the Dynamics of Human Behavior: The Past, Present, and Future of Culture, Conflict, and Cooperation pp. 15-37

Nathan Nunn

Black Land Loss: 1920−1997 pp. 38-42

Dania V. Francis, Darrick Hamilton, Thomas W. Mitchell, Nathan A. Rosenberg and Bryce Wilson Stucki

Intersectionality and Financial Inclusion in the United States pp. 43-47

Vicki L. Bogan and Sarah E. Wolfolds

At the Intersection of Race, Occupational Status, and Middle-Class Attainment in Young Adulthood pp. 48-52

Fenaba R. Addo

Child-to-Parent Intergenerational Transfers, Social Security, and Child Wealth Building pp. 53-57

Andria Smythe

Wealth Taxation: Lessons from History and Recent Developments pp. 58-62

Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman

Saving Effects of a Real-Life Imperfectly Implemented Wealth Tax: Evidence from Norwegian Micro Data pp. 63-67

Annette Alstadsæter, Marie Bjørneby, Wojciech Kopczuk, Simen Markussen and Knut Røed

Gender and Inheritances pp. 68-72

Sandra Black, Paul Devereux, Fanny Landaud and Kjell G Salvanes

The Correlation of Net and Gross Wealth across Generations: The Role of Parent Income and Child Age pp. 73-77

N. Meltem Daysal, Michael Lovenheim and David Wasser

Estimating the Disparate Cumulative Impact of the Pandemic in Administrative Unemployment Insurance Data pp. 78-84

Alex Bell, T. J. Hedin, Peter Mannino, Roozbeh Moghadam, Carl Romer, Geoffrey Schnorr and Till von Wachter

Early Withdrawal of Pandemic Unemployment Insurance: Effects on Employment and Earnings pp. 85-90

Kyle Coombs, Arindrajit Dube, Calvin Jahnke, Raymond Kluender, Suresh Naidu and Michael Stepner

Equity in Unemployment Insurance Benefit Access pp. 91-96

Christopher O'Leary, William E. Spriggs and Stephen A. Wandner

Unemployment Insurance Financing as a Uniform Payroll Tax pp. 97-101

Sebastian Graves, Jonathon Hazell, Walker F. Lewis and Christina Patterson

Poor Performance as a Predictable Outcome: Financing the Administration of Unemployment Insurance pp. 102-06

Marta Lachowska, Alexandre Mas and Stephen Woodbury

Would Broadening the UI Tax Base Help Low-Income Workers? pp. 107-11

Mark Duggan, Audrey Guo and Andrew Johnston

Should We Have Automatic Triggers for Unemployment Benefit Duration and How Costly Would They Be? pp. 112-16

Gabriel Chodorow-Reich, Peter Ganong and Jonathan Gruber

Youth Hiring and Labor Market Tightness pp. 117-20

Eliza Forsythe

Soft Skills in the Youth Labor Market pp. 121-25

Sara B. Heller and Judd B. Kessler

What's in a Job? Evaluating the Effect of Private Sector Employment Experience on Student Academic Outcomes pp. 126-30

Alicia Modestino, Urbashee Paul and Joseph McLaughlin

A General Solution to the Problem of Setting Optimal Default Options pp. 131-35

B. Douglas Bernheim and Jonas Mueller-Gastell

Present Bias Causes and Then Dissipates Auto-enrollment Savings Effects pp. 136-41

John Beshears, James Choi, David Laibson and Peter Maxted

Do State-Sponsored Retirement Plans Boost Retirement Saving? pp. 142-46

John Chalmers, Olivia Mitchell, Jonathan Reuter and Mingli Zhong

Precautionary Liquidity and Retirement Saving pp. 147-50

Marie Briere, James Poterba and Ariane Szafarz

Scapegoating during Crises pp. 151-55

Leonardo Bursztyn, Georgy Egorov, Ingar Haaland, Aakaash Rao and Christopher Roth

Is the Partisan Divide Real? Polarization in Preferences for Redistribution pp. 156-62

Brad Nathan, Ricardo Perez-Truglia and Alejandro Zentner

Eliciting People's First-Order Concerns: Text Analysis of Open-Ended Survey Questions pp. 163-69

Beatrice Ferrario and Stefanie Stantcheva

Does (All) Police Violence Cause De-policing? Evidence from George Floyd and Police Shootings in Minneapolis pp. 170-73

Maya Mikdash and Reem Zaiour

Law Enforcement Officers' Bills of Rights and Police Violence pp. 174-77

Jamein P. Cunningham, Donna Feir, Rob Gillezeau, Matthew Harvey and Abdul Nasser Rad

Police Frisks pp. 178-83

David S. Abrams, Hanming Fang and Priyanka Goonetilleke

Measuring Police Performance: Public Attitudes Expressed in Twitter pp. 184-87

Taeho Kim

Estimating the Effects of Milk Inspections on Infant and Child Mortality, 1880−1910 pp. 188-92

D. Mark Anderson, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Michael McKelligott and Daniel I. Rees

Segregation and the Initial Provision of Water in the United States pp. 193-98

Brian Beach, John Parman and Martin Saavedra

1918 Every Year: Racial Inequality in Infectious Mortality, 1906−1942 pp. 199-204

James Feigenbaum, Lauren Hoehn-Velasco, Christopher Muller and Elizabeth Wrigley-Field

Masks and Trolleys in San Francisco during the 1918 Influenza Epidemic pp. 205-08

Francois Velde

Boomtowns: Local Shocks and Inequality in 1920s California pp. 209-13

Sarah Quincy and Rowena Gray

Immigration Shocks and Marriage Market Sorting pp. 214-18

Katherine Eriksson, Addison Lake and Gregory T. Niemesh

Transportation Revolution: The Car in the 1920s pp. 219-23

Shari Eli, Joshua Hausman and Paul Rhode

Media Access and Consumption in the Civil Rights Era pp. 224-28

Tianyi Wang

On the Impact of Federal Housing Policies on Racial Inequality pp. 229-33

Omer Ali

Sundown Towns and Racial Exclusion: The Southern White Diaspora and the "Great Retreat" pp. 234-38

Samuel Bazzi, Andreas Ferrara, Martin Fiszbein, Thomas Pearson and Patrick Testa

Discrimination, Segregation, Integration, and Expropriation pp. 239-43

Geoffrey Williams

The Trade Reform Wave of 1985−1995 pp. 244-51

Douglas A. Irwin

The Dismantling of Capital Controls after Bretton Woods and Latin American Productivity pp. 252-56

Diana Van Patten

Migration on the Rise, a Paradigm in Decline: The Last Half-Century of Global Mobility pp. 257-61

Michael Clemens

Social Distancing, Stimulus Payments, and Domestic Violence: Evidence from the US during COVID-19 pp. 262-66

Bilge Erten, Pinar Keskin and Silvia Prina

Public School Access or Stay-at-Home Partner: Factors Mitigating the Adverse Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Academic Parents pp. 267-71

Tatyana Deryugina, Olga Shurchkov and Jenna Stearns

Gendered Impacts of COVID-19 in Developing Countries pp. 272-76

Titan Alon, Matthias Doepke, Kristina Manysheva and Michele Tertilt

Is Remote Sensing Data Useful for Studying the Association between Pandemic-Related Changes in Economic Activity and Intimate Partner Violence? pp. 277-81

Jorge M. Agüero, Erica Field, Ignacio Rodriguez Hurtado and Javier Romero

Black-Owned Firms, Financial Constraints, and the Firm Size Gap pp. 282-86

J. David Brown, John Earle, Mee Jung Kim, Kyung Min Lee and Jared Wold

The 2021 Paycheck Protection Program Reboot: Loan Disbursement to Employer and Nonemployer Businesses in Minority Communities pp. 287-91

Robert Fairlie and Frank Fossen

Easier to Start, Harder to Succeed: Barriers to Black Entrepreneurship since the Great Recession pp. 292-95

Pedro Bento and Sunju Hwang

Using Technology to Tackle Discrimination in Lending: The Role of Fintechs in the Paycheck Protection Program pp. 296-98

Rachel M.B. Atkins, Lisa Cook and Robert Seamans

Self-Reporting Race in Small Business Loans: A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Evidence from PPP Loans in Durham, NC pp. 299-302

Raffi E. García and William Darity

Inequality in the Effects of Primary School Closures Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Netherlands pp. 303-07

Carla Haelermans, Madelon Jacobs, Rolf Van der Velden, Lynn van Vugt and Sanne van Wetten

More than Shelter: The Effect of Rental Eviction Moratoria on Household Well-Being pp. 308-12

Xudong An, Stuart Gabriel and Nitzan Tzur-Ilan

COVID-19 and Its Impact on Minority-Owned Banks pp. 313-18

Salvador Contreras and Amit Ghosh

Identity during a Crisis: COVID-19 and Ethnic Divisions in the United States pp. 319-24

Jakina Guzman, Marie Christelle Mabeu and Roland Pongou

Laissez-Faire, Social Networks, and Race in a Pandemic pp. 325-29

Roland Pongou, Guy Tchuente and Jean-Baptiste Tondji

Fixing Errors in a SNAP: Addressing SNAP Underreporting to Evaluate Poverty pp. 330-34

Liana Fox, Jonathan Rothbaum and Kathryn Shantz

Building a Consumption Poverty Measure: Initial Results Following Recommendations of a Federal Interagency Working Group pp. 335-39

Grayson Armstrong, Caleb Cho, Thesia I. Garner, Brett Matsumoto, Juan Munoz and Jake Schild

Income Declines during COVID-19 pp. 340-44

Jeff Larrimore, Jacob Mortenson and David Splinter

The Change in Poverty from 1995 to 2016 among Single-Parent Families pp. 345-50

Kevin Corinth, Bruce D. Meyer and Derek Wu

The Racial Wealth Gap and the Role of Firm Ownership pp. 351-55

Avi Lipton

Measuring Changes in Disparity Gaps: An Application to Health Insurance pp. 356-60

Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, Karen Jiang, Zirui Song and Jacob Wallace

Self-Employment and Migration: Evidence from Mexico pp. 361-65

Alejandro Gutierrez-Li

How Do Federal Policy Shocks to State Spending Impact Returns to Primary and Secondary Education? pp. 366-69

Miesha Jamell Williams

Investigating the Introduction of Fintech Advancement Aimed to Reduce Limited Attention Regarding Inactive Savings Accounts: Data, Survey, and Field Experiment pp. 370-75

Maya Haran Rosen and Orly Sade

Explaining Heterogeneity in Use of Non-wage Benefits: The Role of Worker and Firm Characteristics in Disability Accommodations pp. 376-80

Naoki Aizawa, Corina Mommaerts and Stephanie Rennane

Border Fencing, Migrant Flows, and Crossing Deaths pp. 381-85

Cynthia Bansak, Abigail Hall Blanco and Michael Coon

Put on ICE? Effects of Immigration Raids in the Animal Slaughtering and Processing Industry pp. 386-90

Pia Orrenius and Madeline Zavodny

Birthright Granted and Revoked: The Effects of Irish Citizenship Policy on Migrant Fertility pp. 391-95

Hisham Foad

Parental Deportation, Safe-Zone Schools, and the Socio-Emotional and Behavioral Health of Children Left Behind pp. 396-401

Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Jose Bucheli and Ana P. Martinez-Donate

Immigration and Labor Market (Mis)perceptions pp. 402-08

Nicolás Ajzenman, Patricio Dominguez and Raimundo Undurraga

Implicit Stereotypes in Teachers' Track Recommendations pp. 409-14

Michela Carlana, Eliana La Ferrara and Paolo Pinotti

Robustness of Rank Independence in Risky Choice pp. 415-20

B. Douglas Bernheim, Rebecca Royer and Charles Sprenger

Simplicity and Probability Weighting in Choice under Risk pp. 421-25

Drew Fudenberg and Indira Puri

Revealed Preferences for Randomization: An Overview pp. 426-30

Marina Agranov and Pietro Ortoleva

Addressing Strategic Uncertainty with Incentives and Information pp. 431-37

Marina Halac, Elliot Lipnowski and Daniel Rappoport

Efficient Full Implementation via Transfers: Uniqueness and Sensitivity in Symmetric Environments pp. 438-43

Mariann Ollár and Antonio Penta

Preventing Bottlenecks in Organizations pp. 444-51

Fumitoshi Moriya and Takuro Yamashita

Artificial Intelligence, Algorithm Design, and Pricing pp. 452-56

John Asker, Chaim Fershtman and Ariel Pakes

Identifying Algorithmic Pricing Technology Adoption in Retail Gasoline Markets pp. 457-60

Stephanie Assad, Robert Clark, Daniel Ershov and Lei Xu

Smart Meters and Retail Competition: Trends and Challenges pp. 461-65

Jacint Enrich, Ruoyi Li, Alejandro Mizrahi and Mar Reguant

Structural Vector Autoregressions with Imperfect Identifying Information pp. 466-70

Christiane Baumeister and James D. Hamilton

What Can We Learn from Sign-Restricted VARs? pp. 471-75

Christian Wolf

Signing Out Confounding Shocks in Variance-Maximizing Identification Methods pp. 476-80

Neville Francis and Gene Kindberg-Hanlon

SVAR Identification from Higher Moments: Has the Simultaneous Causality Problem Been Solved? pp. 481-85

José Luis Montiel Olea, Mikkel Plagborg-Moller and Eric Qian

Do Bonuses Offset the Allocative Effects of Downward Rigid Base Wages? pp. 486-90

Anne Kathrin Funk and Daniel Kaufmann

Monetary Policy, Labor Market, and Sectoral Heterogeneity pp. 491-95

Aarti Singh, Jacek Suda and Anastasia Zervou

Persistent Monetary Policy in a Model with Labor Market Frictions pp. 496-502

Roman Goncharenko and Elizaveta Lukmanova

Global Life Insurers during a Low Interest Rate Environment pp. 503-08

Ralph S. J. Koijen and Motohiro Yogo

Shadow Bank Distress and Household Debt Relief: Evidence from the CARES Act pp. 509-15

Susan Cherry, Erica Jiang, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski and Amit Seru

Weak Corporate Insolvency Rules: The Missing Driver of Zombie Lending pp. 516-20

Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina

Undisclosed Debt Sustainability pp. 521-25

Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk

Sovereign Debt Auctions in Turbulent Times pp. 526-30

Harold Cole, Daniel Neuhann and Guillermo Ordonez

Hidden Defaults pp. 531-35

Sebastian Horn, Carmen Reinhart and Christoph Trebesch

Hidden Debt pp. 536-40

Bulent Guler, Yasin Onder and Temel Taskin

Women's Employment and Empowerment: Descriptive Evidence pp. 541-45

Madeline McKelway

Empowering Women to Engage in Commercial Agriculture pp. 546-50

Kate Ambler, Kelly Jones and Michael O'Sullivan

Improving Willingness-to-Pay Elicitation by Including a Benchmark Good pp. 551-55

Rebecca Dizon-Ross and Seema Jayachandran

Measuring Women's Empowerment in Collective Households pp. 556-60

Rossella Calvi, Jacob Penglase and Denni Tommasi

Gender Disparities in Career Advancement across the Transition to Parenthood: Evidence from the Marine Corps pp. 561-67

Olivia J. Healy and Jennifer Heissel

Convincing the Mummy-ji: Improving Mother-in-Law Approval of Family Planning in India pp. 568-72

S Anukriti, Catalina Herrera-Almanza, Mahesh Karra and Rocío Valdebenito

Continuous Gender Identity and Economics pp. 573-77

Anne Brenøe, Lea Heursen, Eva Ranehill and Roberto A. Weber

Integration Costs and Missing Women in Firms around the World pp. 578-82

Conrad Miller, Jennifer Peck and Mehmet Seflek

Hacking Gender Stereotypes: Girls' Participation in Coding Clubs pp. 583-87

Michela Carlana and Margherita Fort

Gender Economics and the Meaning of Discrimination pp. 588-91

Shelly Lundberg

Who Are the More Dismal Economists? Gender and Language in Academic Economics Research pp. 592-96

Lea-Rachel Kosnik

Gender Differences in Economics Course-Taking and Majoring: Findings from an RCT pp. 597-602

Daniel Halim, Elizabeth T. Powers and Rebecca Thornton

Parental Investments in Early Childhood and the Gender Gap in Math and Literacy pp. 603-08

Amanda Chuan, John List, Anya Samek and Shreemayi Samujjwala

How Early Adolescent Skills and Preferences Shape Economics Education Choices pp. 609-13

Lenka Fiala, John Humphries, Juanna Joensen, Uditi Karna, John List and Gregory Veramendi

Online Tutoring by College Volunteers: Experimental Evidence from a Pilot Program pp. 614-18

Matthew Kraft, John List, Jeffrey A. Livingston and Sally Sadoff

The Effect of Teaching Economics with Classroom Experiments: Estimates from a Within-Subject Experiment pp. 619-23

Sacha Gelfer, Jeffrey A. Livingston and Sutanuka Roy

Ranking and Selection from Pairwise Comparisons: Empirical Bayes Methods for Citation Analysis pp. 624-29

Jiaying Gu and Roger Koenker

Statistical Uncertainty in the Ranking of Journals and Universities pp. 630-34

Magne Mogstad, Joseph Romano, Azeem Shaikh and Daniel Wilhelm

Inference for Losers pp. 635-42

Isaiah Andrews, Dillon Bowen, Toru Kitagawa and Adam McCloskey

Minutes of the Annual Meeting via Zoom, January 7, 2022 pp. 643-45

Peter Rousseau

Report of the Secretary pp. 646-49

Peter Rousseau

Report of the Treasurer pp. 650-54

Peter Rousseau

American Economic Association 2021–2022 Universal Academic Questionnaire Summary Statistics pp. 655-57

Charles E. Scott and John Siegfried

List of Online Reports pp. 658-

Peter Rousseau

Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, via Zoom, April 16, 2021 pp. 659-63

Peter Rousseau

Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee, via Zoom, January 6, 2022 pp. 664-72

Peter Rousseau

Report of the Editor: American Economic Review pp. 673-86

Esther Duflo

Report of the Editor: American Economic Review: Insights pp. 687-96

Amy Finkelstein

Report of the Editor: Journal of Economic Literature pp. 695-98

Steven Durlauf

Report of the Editor: Journal of Economic Perspectives pp. 699-701

Heidi Williams

Report of the Editor: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics pp. 702-08

Benjamin Olken

Report of the Editor: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy pp. 709-20

Erzo Luttmer

Report of the Editor: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics pp. 721-28

Simon Gilchrist

Report of the Editor: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics pp. 729-36

Leeat Yariv

Report: Job Openings for Economists pp. 737-39

John Siegfried

Report: Committee on Economic Education pp. 740-45

Sam Allgood and KimMarie McGoldrick

Report: Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP) pp. 746-67

Judy Chevalier

Report: Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession (CSMGEP) pp. 768-85

Gary Hoover and Ebonya Washington

Report: Committee on Equity, Diversity, and Professional Conduct (CEDPC) pp. 786-88

Marianne Bertrand

Report: Committee on Status of LGBTQ+ Individuals in the Economics Profession (CSQIEP) pp. 789-90

Lee Badgett and Kitt Carpenter

Report: American Economic Association Committee on Statistics (AEAStat) pp. 791-94

John Haltiwanger

Report: Committee on Government Relations (CGR) pp. 795-96

Kenneth Troske

Report of the Task Force on Best Practices for Professional Conduct in Economics pp. 797-98

Amanda Bayer

Report of the AEA Task Force on Outreach to High School and College Students pp. 799-801

Sam Allgood

Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Job Market pp. 802-03

John Cawley

Report of the AEA Ombudsperson pp. 805-10

Leto Copeley

Report of the Search Committee for the Editor for the American Economic Review pp. 811-

Lawrence Katz

Report of the Search Committee for the Editor for the Journal of Economic Literature pp. 812-

Valerie Ramey

Report by the AEA Data Editor pp. 813-23

Lars Vilhuber