Risk Analysis

1981 - 2021

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Volume 14, issue 6, 1994

Biological Models of Carcinogenesis and Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment pp. 879-882

Suresh H. Moolgavkar

Limitations of Biological Models of Carcinogenesis for Low‐Dose Extrapolation pp. 883-886

Kenny S. Crump

The Valdez Air Health Study pp. 887-889

Yoram Cohen, Gerald E. Anderson, Lyle R. Chinkin, Gary Pascoe, Charles E. Schmidt and Arthur Winer

Response to The Valdez Air Study Review Committee pp. 891-893

Bernard D. Goldstein

Testing a Visual Display to Explain Small Probabilities pp. 895-896

Neil D. Weinstein, Peter M. Sandman and William K. Hallman

Response: Risk Assessment for Aflatoxin pp. 897-897

Robert D. Bruce

Boost for Risk Assessment in the United Kingdom pp. 899-900

David J. Ball

Comments on “Comparing Toxicologic and Epidemiologic Studies: Methylene Chloride–A Case Study” pp. 901-902

F. Terry Hearne and Wayne M. Lednar

Response to Hearne and Lednar pp. 903-904

Leslie T. Stayner and A. John Bailer

“Improving” Risk Communication and Risk Management: Legislated Solutions or Legislated Disasters? pp. 905-906

Branden B. Johnson and Paul Slovic

Risk Assessment Research: Only the Beginning pp. 907-911

Adam M. Finkel

An Alternative Approach to Dietary Exposure Assessment pp. 913-916

Barbara J. Petersen, Leila M. Barraj, Larry R. Muenz and Stanley L. Harrison

The Effect of Product Safety Regulation on Safety Precautions pp. 917-930

W Viscusi and Gerald O. Cavallo

How Children Spend Their Time: A Sample Survey for Use in Exposure and Risk Assessments pp. 931-944

Abraham Silvers, B. Thomas Florence, Daniel L. Rourke and Ronald J. Lorimor

Awareness of Bad News, Environmental Attitudes, and Subjective Estimates of Coastal Pollution pp. 945-948

J. Richard Eiser, Steven D. Reicher and Tessa J. Podpadec

The Risks of “Putting the Numbers in Context”: A Cautionary Tale pp. 949-958

William R. Freudenburg and Julie A. Rursch

What Do People Know About Global Climate Change? 1. Mental Models pp. 959-970

Ann Bostrom, M. Granger Morgan, Baruch Fischhoff and Daniel Read

What Do People Know About Global Climate Change? 2. Survey Studies of Educated Laypeople pp. 971-982

Daniel Read, Ann Bostrom, M. Granger Morgan, Baruch Fischhoff and Tom Smuts

Risk Decision Making in Operational Safety Management– Experience from the Nordic Benchmark Study pp. 983-991

Jan Holmberg, Urho Pulkkinen, Kurt Pörn and Kecheng Shen

The Importance of Biological Realism in Dioxin Risk Assessment Models Michael pp. 993-1000

C. Kohn, George W. Lucier and Christopher J. Portier

Estimating Upper Confidence Limits for Extra Risk in Quantal Multistage Models pp. 1001-1010

A. John Bailer and Randall J. Smith

Estimated Risk of Occupational Fatalities Associated with Hazardous Waste Site Remediation pp. 1011-1017

Alan F. Hoskin, J. Paul Leigh and Thomas W. Planek

Urinary Excretion of Chromium Following Ingestion of Chromite‐Ore Processing Residues in Humans: Implications for Biomonitoring pp. 1019-1024

Michael L. Gargas, Robin L. Norton, Mark A. Harris, Dennis J. Paustenbach and Brent L. Finley

Adjusting Triangular Distributions for Judgmental Bias pp. 1025-1031

David G. Hudak

Use of Mechanistic Models to Estimate Low‐Dose Cancer Risks pp. 1033-1038

Kenny S. Crump

Multistage Models of Carcinogenesis: An Approximation for the Size and Number Distribution of Late‐Stage Clones pp. 1039-1048

Claire D. Sherman, Christopher J. Portier and Annette Kopp‐Schneider

Derivation of a Target Level of Lead in Soil at Residential Sites Corresponding to a De Minimis Contribution to Blood Lead Concentration pp. 1049-1056

Alan H. Stern

Design of Developmental Toxicity Studies for Assessing Joint Effects of Dose and Duration pp. 1057-1071

Daniel O. Scharfstein and Paige L. Williams

Reproducibility of the Dose‐Response Curve of Steroid‐Induced Cleft Palate in Mice pp. 1073-1077

Stan C. Freni, Mehdi Razzaghi and Gary E. Moore

The Exact Formula for Tumor Incidence in the Two‐Stage Model pp. 1079-1080

Annette Kopp‐Schneider, Christopher J. Portier and Claire D. Sherman

On the Exact Hazard and Survival Functions of the MVK Stochastic Carcinogenesis Model pp. 1081-1084

Qi Zheng

A Psychological Study of the Inverse Relationship Between Perceived Risk and Perceived Benefit pp. 1085-1096

Ali Siddiq Alhakami and Paul Slovic

Dose‐Response Analysis Using Spreadsheets pp. 1097-1100

Charles N. Haas

Gender, Race, and Perception of Environmental Health Risks pp. 1101-1108

James Flynn, Paul Slovic and C. K. Mertz

A Review of GWSCREEN Version 2.0, with an Emphasis on Physical and Chemical Processes Important to Ground Water Pathway Assessments pp. 1109-1121

R. J. MacKinnon and T. M. Sullivan

Volume 14, issue 5, 1994

When and How Can You Specify a Probability Distribution When You Don't Know Much? pp. 661-706

Yacov Y. Haimes, Timothy Barry and James H. Lambert

Propagation of Uncertainty in Risk Assessments: The Need to Distinguish Between Uncertainty Due to Lack of Knowledge and Uncertainty Due to Variability pp. 707-712

F. Owen Hoffman and Jana S. Hammonds

Assessment of Variability and Uncertainty Distributions for Practical Risk Analyses pp. 713-730

Dale Hattis and David E. Burmaster

Selection of Probability Distributions in Characterizing Risk of Extreme Events pp. 731-742

James H. Lambert, Nicholas C. Matalas, Con Way Ling, Yacov Y. Haimes and Duan Li

Understanding Uncertainty pp. 743-750

William D. Rowe

Stepping Out of Your Own Shadow: A Didactic Example of How Facing Uncertainty Can Improve Decision‐Making pp. 751-761

Adam M. Finkel

Potential Negative Impacts of Nuclear Activities on Local Economies: Rethinking the Issue pp. 763-770

William C. Metz

Comment on William C. Metz’“Potential Impacts of Nuclear Activities on Local Economics: Rethinking the Issue”1 pp. 771-772

Kai Erikson

Stigma Happens: Social Problems in the Siting of Nuclear Waste Facilities pp. 773-777

Paul Slovic, James Flynn and Robin Gregory

Designing Risk Communications: Completing and Correcting Mental Models of Hazardous Processes, Part I pp. 779-788

Cynthia J. Atman, Ann Bostrom, Baruch Fischhoff and M. Granger Morgan

Evaluating Risk Communications: Completing and Correcting Mental Models of Hazardous Processes, Part II pp. 789-798

Ann Bostrom, Cynthia J. Atman, Baruch Fischhoff and M. Granger Morgan

Public Perceptions of the Potential Hazards Associated with Food Production and Food Consumption: An Empirical Study pp. 799-806

Paul Sparks and Richard Shepherd

Use of Biological Markers in Risk Assessment1 pp. 807-813

Alex McMillan, Alice S. Whittemore, Abraham Silvers and Yasamin DiCiccio

Perception of Risks From Electromagnetic Fields: A Psychometric Evaluation of a Risk‐Communication Approach pp. 815-828

Donald G. MacGregor, Paul Slovic and M. Granger Morgan

Database Requirements for Epidemiological Estimates of Radiation Risks in Continuously Exposed Populations pp. 829-831

Y. S. Mayya, P. V. Joshi and K. S. V. Nambi

Communicating Contaminant Risks from Sport‐Caught Fish: The Importance of Target Audience Assessment pp. 833-841

Christine M. Velicer and Barbara A. Knuth

Point Estimates of Cancer Risk at Low Doses pp. 843-850

David W. Gaylor, Ralph L. Kodell, James J. Chen, Janet A. Springer, Ronald J. Lorentzen and Robert J. Scheuplein

Perceived Risk and Uncertainty of Nuclear Waste: Differences Among Science, Business, and Environmental Group Members pp. 851-856

Hank Jenkins‐Smith and Gilbert W. Bassett

A Process for Incorporating Comparative Risk into Environmental Policymaking in Louisiana pp. 857-861

Regina Thompson, Paul H. Templet, John K. Gamman, Scott T. McCleary and Margaret A. Reams

Opportunities and Impediments for Risk‐Based Standards: Some Views from a Workshop pp. 863-868

Regina L. Hunter, David W. Layton and Lynn R. Anspaugh

Software Listings pp. 873-874

Paul D. Moskowitz

Volume 14, issue 4, 1994

A Note on Compounded Conservatism pp. 379-381

Kenneth T. Bogen

Estimation of Common Cause Failure Rates Based on Uncertain Event Data pp. 383-387

Jussi K. Vaurio

Measures of Compounding Conservatism in Probabilistic Risk Assessment pp. 389-393

Alison C. Cullen

Lognormal Distributions for Fish Consumption by the General U.S. Population pp. 395-404

Betsy Ruffle, David E. Burmaster, Paul D. Anderson and Henry D. Gordon

Uses of Probabilistic Exposure Models in Ecological Risk Assessments of Contaminated Sites pp. 405-419

David L. Macintosh, Glenn W. Suter and F. Owen Hoffman

Human Interindividual Variability–A Major Source of Uncertainty in Assessing Risks for Noncancer Health Effects pp. 421-431

Dale Hattis and Ken Silver

Use of Monte Carlo Simulation for Human Exposure Assessment at a Superfund Site pp. 433-439

Roy L. Smith

An Improved Framework for Uncertainty Analysis: Accounting for Unsuspected Errors pp. 441-447

Alexander I. Shlyakhter

Uncertainty and Variability in Human Exposures to Soil Contaminants Through Home‐Grown Food: A Monte Carlo Assessment pp. 449-463

Thomas E. McKone

Managing Uncertainty: The Tropospheric Ozone Challenge pp. 465-475

Hung‐po Chao, Stephen C. Peck and Y. Steve Wan

Principles of Good Practice for the Use of Monte Carlo Techniques in Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments pp. 477-481

David E. Burmaster and Paul D. Anderson

Treatment of Uncertainty in Performance Assessments for Complex Systems pp. 483-511

Jon C. Helton

Estimated Distributions for Average Daily Consumption of Total and Self‐Caught Fish for Adults in Michigan Angler Households pp. 513-519

Donald M. Murray and David E. Burmaster

Sensitivity of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Variation in Model Parameters: Methylene Chloride pp. 521-531

H. J. Clewell, Tze‐san Lee and R. L. Carpenter

Recommended Distributions for Exposure Factors Frequently Used in Health Risk Assessment pp. 533-553

Brent Finley, Deborah Proctor, Paul Scott, Natalie Harrington, Dennis Paustenbach and Paul Price

Development of a Standard Soil‐to‐Skin Adherence Probability Density Function for Use in Monte Carlo Analyses of Dermal Exposure pp. 555-569

Brent L. Finley, Paul K. Scott and Douglas A. Mayhall

Uncertainty Analysis in Multiplicative Models pp. 571-576

Wout Slob

Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment for Exposures to Estuary Sediments and Biota Contaminated with Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Terphenyls and Other Toxic Substances pp. 577-594

Michael R. Adams, Cynthia A. Hanna, Janet A. Mayernik and William M. Mendez

Summary of the Workshop on Issues in Risk Assessment: Quantitative Methods for Developmental Toxicology pp. 595-604

Donald R. Mattison and J. David Sandler

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models in Developmental Toxicology pp. 605-611

E. J. O'Flaherty

Applications of Multinomial Dose‐Response Models in Developmental Toxicity Risk Assessment pp. 613-627

D. Krewski and Y. Zhu

Modeling Fetal Death and Malformation in Developmental Toxicity Studies pp. 629-637

Paul Catalano, Louise Ryan and Daniel Scharfstein

Tests for Trend in Developmental Toxicity Experiments with Correlated Binary Data pp. 639-648

K. Y. Fung, D. Krewski, J. N. K. Rao and A. J. Scott

Structural Determinants of Developmental Toxicity pp. 649-657

Noriyuki Takihi, Herbert S. Rosenkranz, Gilles Klopman and Donald R. Mattison

Volume 14, issue 3, 1994

Introduction pp. 217-217

Hugh A. Barton, David R. Mattie and W. Bruce Peirano

Times Are Tough—Brother, Can You Paradigm? pp. 219-223

Donald G. Barnes

Exposure Assessment: Then, Now, and Quantum Leaps in the Future pp. 225-230

Russell E. Keenan, Brent L. Finley and Paul S. Price

Mechanistic Insights Aid the Search for CFC Substitutes: Risk Assessment of HCFC‐123 as an Example pp. 231-250

Annie M. Jarabek, Jeffrey W. Fisher, Reva Rubenstein, John C. Lipscomb, R. Joel Williams, Allen Vinegar and James N. McDougal

Issues in Ecological Risk Assessment: The CRAM Perspective pp. 251-256

Lawrence W. Barnthouse

Analysis of the Multistep Process of Carcinogenesis Using Human Fibroblasts pp. 257-263

J. Justin McCormick and Veronica M. Maher

Incorporation of Pharmacokinetics in Noncancer Risk Assessment: Example with Chloropentafluorobenzene pp. 265-276

Harvey J. Clewell and Bruce M. Jarnot

Significance of the Dermal Route of Exposure to Risk Assessment pp. 277-284

David R. Mattie, John H. Grabau and James N. McDougal

Combination of Cancer Data in Quantitative Risk Assessments: Case Study Using Bromodichloromethane pp. 285-291

Susan F. Velazquez, Patricia M. McGinnis, Sarah T. Vater, William S. Stiteler, Linda A. Knauf and Rita S. Schoeny

Morphometric Approaches for Evaluating Pulmonary Toxicity in Mammals: Implications for Risk Assessment pp. 293-302

Dallas M. Hyde, Robert P. Bolender, Jack R. Harkema and Charles G. Plopper

The Role of Modulated Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Epigenetic Toxicology pp. 303-312

James E. Trosko, Chia‐Cheng Chang and Burra V. Madhukar

Cell Proliferation and Formaldehyde‐Induced Respiratory Carcinogenesis pp. 313-319

Thomas M. Monticello and Kevin T. Morgan

Apoptosis and Chemical Carcinogenesis pp. 321-326

Daniel S. Marsman and J. Carl Barrett

Reducing Conservatism in Risk Estimation for Mixtures of Carcinogens pp. 327-332

Ralph L. Kodell and James J. Chen

Modeling for Risk Assessment of Neurotoxic Effects pp. 333-338

David W. Gaylor and William Slikker

Lactational Transfer of Tetrachloroethylene in Rats pp. 339-349

Janusz Z. Byczkowski and Jeffrey W. Fisher

Role for Risk Communication in Closing Military Waste Sites pp. 351-356

B. Jon Klauenberg and Erik K. Vermulen

Risk Communication in Environmental Restoration Programs pp. 357-363

Judith A. Bradbury

Why Rules for Risk Communication Are Not Enough: A Problem‐Solving Approach to Risk Communication pp. 365-374

Katherine E. Rowan

The NAS Risk Paradigm as a Medium for Communication pp. 375-378

Dorothy E. Patton

Volume 14, issue 2, 1994

Time for Congress to Embrace Risk Analysis? pp. 139-142

John D. Graham

The Possibility for “Natural” Generation of Chlorinated Organic Compounds pp. 143-145

Charles N. Haas

Leukemia Risk Associated with Benzene Exposure in the Pliofilm Cohort: I. Mortality Update and Exposure Distribution pp. 147-154

Mary B. Paxton, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Susan M. Brett and Joseph V. Rodricks

Leukemia Risk Associated with Benzene Exposure in the Pliofilm Cohort. II. Risk Estimates pp. 155-161

Mary B. Paxton, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Susan M. Brett and Joseph V. Rodricks

Environmental Hazards in the Chinese Public's Eyes pp. 163-167

Zhang Jianguang

Natural Disasters in the United States as Release Agents of Oil, Chemicals, or Radiological Materials Between 1980‐1989: Analysis and Recommendations pp. 169-182

Pamela Sands Showalter and Mary Fran Myers

Assessing the Relationship Between Environmental Lead Concentrations and Adult Blood Lead Levels pp. 183-189

Teresa S. Bowers, Barbara D. Beck and Hala S. Karam

Dose‐Response Assessment of Airborne Methyl Isothiocyanate (MITC) Following a Metam Sodium Spill pp. 191-198

George V. Alexeeff, Dennis J. Shusterman, Robert A. Howd and Richard J. Jackson

A Hint of Risk: Tradeoffs Between Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Factors pp. 199-206

Robin Gregory and Sarah Lichtenstein

One Agency's Use of Risk Assessment and Risk Communication pp. 207-212

Ann Fisher, Atsushi Chitose and Philip S. Gipson

Volume 14, issue 1, 1994

How Dangerous is Radon in Buildings?–Some Reflections from Europe pp. 1-2

Klaus Becker

Does Protecting for Human Health Protect Ecological Health? pp. 3-4

Robert E. Hegner

Perceived Risks of Radioactive Waste Transport Through Oregon: Results of a Statewide Survey pp. 5-14

Donald MacGregor, Paul Slovic, Robert G. Mason, John Detweiler, Stephen E. Binney and Brian Dodd

The Risk of Photochemical Reactions pp. 15-19

Dina R. Rezvanova and Valery V. Menshikov

Societal Risk Perception and Media Coverage pp. 21-24

Daboula Koné and Etienne Mullet

A Distributional Approach to Characterizing Low‐Dose Cancer Risk pp. 25-34

John S. Evans, John D. Graham, George M. Gray and Robert L. Sielken

High Risk or Low: How Location on a “Risk Ladder” Affects Perceived Risk pp. 35-45

Peter M. Sandman, Neil D. Weinstein and Paul Miller

Assessing Health Risks Associated with DDT Residues in Soils in California: A Proposition 65 Case Study pp. 47-52

John A. Lowe and Ijaz S. Jamall

The Benefits of Probabilistic Exposure Assessment: Three Case Studies Involving Contaminated Air, Water, and Soil pp. 53-73

Brent Finley and Dennis Paustenbach

Can Long‐Term Exposure Distributions Be Predicted from Short‐Term Measurements? pp. 75-85

Lance A. Wallace, Naihua Duan and Robert Ziegenfus

Risk Communication in The Netherlands: The Monitored Introduction of the EC “Post‐Seveso” Directive pp. 87-96

Joseé CM. Van Eijndhoven, Rob A.P.M. Weterings, Cor W. Worrell, Joop de Boer, Joop van der Pligt and Pieter‐Jan M. Stallen

A Structured Literature Review for Risk Assessment: EMF and Human Health Risk pp. 97-100

James R. Murphy, Gail E. Armstrong, Michele Reynolds and Stuart G. Gordon

Exposure to Chlorination By‐Products from Hot Water Uses pp. 101-106

Clifford P. Weisel and Wei Jie Chen

Managing Nuclear Waste from Power Plants pp. 107-130

Ralph L. Keeney and Detlof von Winterfeldt

Software Listing pp. 131-131

Paul D. Moskowitz

Models'n'Data, Version 1.0 pp. 133-134

David Stock and Paul D. Moskowitz