IDE Discussion Papers

From Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO)
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1010: Trapped by Dependence: Myanmar’s Trade Structure and Economic Vulnerability

Aung Set

1009: Structural Change in African Countries: Focus on Urban Wages

Takahiro Fukunishi

1008: The ‘China Shock’ and middle-income economies: threats to industrialization and human capital formation

Ian Coxhead, Anna Strutt, Erwin Corong and Varan Kitayaporn

1007: Shopping Versus Shipping: A Spatial Competition Theory of E-commerce

Toshitaka Gokan, Jacques-François Thisse and Xiwei Zhu

1006: Patterns of Executive Removal and Its Consequences in Democratic Backsliding Countries in Asia and Latin America

Aya Watanabe, Kana Inata and Marisa Kellam

1005: Local labor market effects of FDI: job growth and skills demand in Vietnam

Banh Thi Hang, Ian Coxhead and Dinh Tuan Nguyen Vuong

1004: Where is the chokepoint? Mapping supply chain vulnerabilities using firmto-firm transaction data

Satoshi Inomata, Toru Hisamitsu, Fumihiko Imamura, Yuichi Kichikawa and Yoshiyuki Sagara

1003: Neighborhood Effects on Side-Selling in Contract Farming: A Spatial Econometric Approach

Takeshi Aida, Daichi Shimamoto and Kiyoyasu Tanaka

1002: Geographical Simulation Analysis of Uzbekistan’s International Logistics Strategy: Corridor Diversification to Overcome the Constraints of Double Landlocked Geography

Satoru Kumagai, Ikumo Isono and Kenmei Tsubota

1001: Immigrants as Victims of Crime and Safety Efforts in São Paulo

Ryohei Konta

995: Structural Reorganization of ASEAN Price Transmission Networks: A Network Perspective on Global Shock Propagation

Tsubasa Shibata

994: Institutional Guardianship and Opposition Fragmentation in Egypt's Post-2011 Transition

Housam Darwisheh

993: Shadow Economies and State Disconnection: Myanmar's Policy Paradox

Set Aung

991: Firm Responses to Export Controls: Evidence from the Japan–Korea Trade Dispute

Youngmin Baek, Kazunobu Hayakawa and Danbee Park

990: The EU’s structuring role for interorganisational relations: the case of AU-ECOWAS on peacekeeping in West Africa

Sanae Suzuki and Nikolas Emmanuel

989: Complying with Rules of Origin and Transfer Pricing

Kenzo Abe, Kazunobu Hayakawa and Chih-hai Yang

988: Switching between Existing and New Trade Agreements: Evidence from Japan’s Imports from Vietnam

Kazunobu Hayakawa and Kenta Yamanouchi

987: Impact of Brexit on the Utilization of Regional Trade Agreements: Evidence from Japan’s Imports

Kazunobu Hayakawa

986: The Effect of the US–China Trade War in a Neighboring Least-Developed Country

Kazunobu Hayakawa and Phouphet Kyophilavon

985: Who Fears Job Losses from U.S. Tariff Hikes? Evidence from Cambodia

Kiyoyasu Tanaka and Yasushi Ueki

984: Growing Household Inequality amid Political Turmoil: Evidence from Myanmar

Kiyoyasu Tanaka and Toshihiro Kudo

983: The Gulfization of Stock Markets:Evidence on Regional Spillovers from GCC to MENA, Asia, and Africa

Jun Saito

982: Endogenizing Capital in Measuring Trade in Value-Added This paper addresses a critical methodological gap in measuring trade in value added (TiVA) using conventional inter-country input–output (ICIO) models, in which capital is predominantly treated as an exogenous Abstract: component of final demand. By applying both augmentation and flow-matrix approaches to endogenize capital within ICIO models, we develop new indicators that capture domestic and foreign capital value added embodied in exports, as well as countries’ capital dependence. Our empirical analysis, based on OECD ICIO tables and newly constructed capital-flow matrices, shows that conventional TiVA metrics substantially underestimate the degree of developed economies’ participation and comparative advantages in GVCs, particularly those specializing in the production of capital goods and services. The capital-endogenized approach provides important insights into countries’ export competitiveness and capital dependency, thereby offering a more comprehensive understanding of GVCs and international trade patterns, with implications for technological dependence, supply-chain resilience, and industrial policy

Ming Ye, Sébastien Miroudot and Bo Meng

981: The Geopolitical Infusion Effect on Productivity

Yao Wang, Hong Bao and Bo Meng

980: Claimability in International Relations: Oil Discoveries, Territorial Claims, and Interstate Conflicts

Kyosuke Kikuta

979: Fearon–Kalyvas Model: Toward a Unified Model of Battles and Violence in Civil War

Kyosuke Kikuta, Kana Inata and Wakako Maekawa

978: The Effects of US Additional Tariffs in Trump 2.0 on Production and Trade: Evidence from Thailand

Kazunobu Hayakawa, Souknilanh Keola and Sasatra Sudsawasd

977: Firm-Level Impacts of Additional US Tariffs in Trump 2.0: Evidence from Taiwan

Kuo-I Chang and Kazunobu Hayakawa

976: Trade Effects of US Tariffs under Trump 2.0

Kazunobu Hayakawa

975: Understanding Price Formation through a Boid-Based Analysis: Insights from Thailand in the Context of Emerging Economies

Tsubasa Shibata

974: Subsidies for Reshoring: Evidence from Taiwan

Kuo-I Chang and Kazunobu Hayakawa

973: Friend- and Near-Shoring in Factories America, Asia, and Europe amid Rising Geopolitical Tensions

Mitsuyo Ando, Kazunobu Hayakawa, Fukunari Kimura and Hiroshi Mukunoki

972: Trade Effects of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict in Thailand: The Impacts of Sanctions on Trade from a Neutral Country

Kazunobu Hayakawa and Souknilanh Keola

971: Trade Diversion in the US Market during the US–China Trade War: Firm-level Evidence from Thailand

Kazunobu Hayakawa and Souknilanh Keola

969: The Social Division of Labor and Competition: A Conceptual Study

Koichiro Kimura

968: Spatial pricing and the strategic choice of retail formats

Toshitaka Gokan, Jacques-François Thisse and Xiwei Zhu

967: Economic Uncertainty and Extreme Capital Flow Movement

Yang Zhou and So Umezaki

966: Legalizing Illegal Construction: Government Action in Guangzhou

Zhe Ren

965: Multinational Production, Trade, and Carbon Emissions

Joschka Wanner and Yuta Watabe

964: National Response Toward Climate Change Under the US–China Rivalry: The Case of the South China Sea, Oceania, and Taiwan

Fang-Ting Cheng

963: Geographical Simulation Analysis of Economic Corridor Development in Mongolia

Ikumo Isono and Satoru Kumagai

960: Sharing Governance Costs with Society: Case Studies in Zhejiang

Zhe Ren

959: The paradox of productivity and welfare: The role of institutional markdown

Wenyin Cheng, Bo Meng and Tangjun Yuan

956: Repression, Co-optation, and Legitimation: Authoritarian Resilience and Youth Movement Fragmentation in Sisi's Egypt

Housam Darwisheh

955: The Impact of the China-U.S. Trade War on China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment

Mi Dai

954: Third-country FDI relocation in response to the US-China tariff war

Ju Hyun Pyun

953: A Theoretical Perspective on the Economic Effects of U.S.–China Trade Disputes

Hiroshi Mukunoki

952: Hidden Disparities: Unveiling Intrahousehold Consumption Inequality, Economies of Scale, and Individual Poverty in West Africa

Relwendé Apollinaire Nikiema

951: Foreign Firms in Vietnam and the US–China Trade War

Kazunobu Hayakawa and Chuc Nguyen Dinh

950: Technology Sanction and Firm R&D: Evidence From the US-China Trade Dispute

Kazunobu Hayakawa and Chih-hai Yang