Details about Luc Arrondel

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Homepage:	http://www.pse.ens.fr/arrondel
Workplace:	Paris School of Economics, (more information at EDIRC)

Access statistics for papers by Luc Arrondel.

Last updated 2019-01-19. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: par66

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Working Papers

2018

1. Decision Under Psychological Pressure: The Shooter's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick
   PSE Working Papers, HAL
2. Demand For Stocks in the Crisis: France 2004-2014
   PSE Working Papers, HAL
3. Financial Literacy and Asset Behaviour: Poor Education and Zero for Conduct?
   Post-Print, HAL
   See also Journal Article in Comparative Economic Studies (2018)
4. L'argent du football
   Post-Print, HAL View citations (1)
5. Transmettre des valeurs entre générations: tel père tel fils ?
   Post-Print, HAL
   See also Journal Article in Revue de l'OFCE (2018)

2017

6. Does Inequality Matter for the Consumption-Wealth Channel? Empirical Evidence
   CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo Group Munich
   See also Journal Article in European Economic Review (2019)
7. Informative Social Interactions
   Discussion Paper Series In Economics And Econometrics, University of Southampton, Economics Division, School of Social Sciences
   Also in 2016 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics (2016)
8. Pourquoi la demande d’actions baisse-t-elle pendant la crise ? Le cas français
   Post-Print, HAL
9. Why does household demand for shares decline during the crisis? The French case
   Post-Print, HAL
   See also Journal Article in Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics (2017)
10. Éducation financière et comportements patrimoniaux: mauvaise éducation et zéro de conduite ?
    Post-Print, HAL
    See also Journal Article in Revue d'économie financière (2017)

2016

11. How Do Households Allocate Their Assets? Stylized Facts from the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (10)
    Also in BCL working papers, Central Bank of Luxembourg (2014) View citations (15)
    Working Paper Series, European Central Bank (2014) View citations (9)
    Working papers, Banque de France (2014) View citations (18)
    Discussion Papers, Deutsche Bundesbank (2014) View citations (19)
    See also Journal Article in International Journal of Central Banking (2016)
12. Épargne et espérance de vie – Quels produits, quelle fiscalité ?
    Post-Print, HAL
13. ‘For Richer, For Poorer’: Assortative Mating and Savings Preferences
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Economica (2016)

2015

14. Could French and Eurozone Savers Invest More in Risky Assets?
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL
    See also Journal Article in Bankers, Markets & Investors (2015)
15. Risk management, housing and stockholding
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in Applied Economics (2015)
16. Stockholding in France: the role of financial literacy and information
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Applied Economics Letters (2015)
17. Wealth Effects on Consumption across the Wealth Distribution: Empirical Evidence
    PSE Working Papers, HAL View citations (6)
    Also in Working papers, Banque de France (2015) View citations (3)
    Working Paper Series, European Central Bank (2015) View citations (3)

2014

18. "For richer, for poorer": savings preferences and choice of spouse
    THEMA Working Papers, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise
    Also in PSE Working Papers, HAL (2013) View citations (2)
19. Allocation de l’épargne et investissement de long terme
    Post-Print, HAL
    Also in Post-Print, HAL (2014)
20. Bequests and family traditions: the case of nineteenth century France
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Review of Economics of the Household (2014)
21. Consommation et patrimoine des ménages: au-delà du débat macroéconomique…
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2014)
22. Endogenous non-tradable earnings and households’ demand for risky assets
    Discussion Paper Series In Economics And Econometrics, University of Southampton, Economics Division, School of Social Sciences View citations (4)
23. Introduction: Patrimoine et comportements d'épargne, les apports de l'enquête Patrimoine 2010
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2014)
24. Inégalités de patrimoine entre générations: les donations aident-elles les jeunes à s'installer ?
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2014)
25. Mesurer les préférences des épargnants: comment et pourquoi (en temps de crise) ?
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2014)
26. Subjective return expectations, information and stock market participation: evidence from France
    Discussion Paper Series In Economics And Econometrics, University of Southampton, Economics Division, School of Social Sciences View citations (12)
27. Wealth and Consumption: French Households in the Crisis
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (13)
    Also in PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL (2014) View citations (12)
28. Wealth and Income in the Euro Area: Heterogeneity in Households’ Behaviours?
    Working papers, Banque de France View citations (7)
    Also in Working Paper Series, European Central Bank (2014) View citations (9)

2013

29. Are "daddy's boys" just as rich as daddy? The transmission of values between generations
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article in The Journal of Economic Inequality (2013)
30. Financial Literacy and Financial Planning in France
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (12)
    Also in Working papers, Banque de France (2013) View citations (17)
31. L'épargnant au bord de la crise
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article in Revue d'économie financière (2012)
32. Les ménages face à la crise financière
    Post-Print, HAL
33. Measuring savers' preferences how and why?
    PSE Working Papers, HAL View citations (1)
34. Taxing more (large) family bequests: why, when, where?
    PSE Working Papers, HAL View citations (2)
35. Transferts publics et privés entre générations. Enjeux idéologiques et perspectives (2): comment rendre la société française moins patrimoniale
    Post-Print, HAL

2012

36. Favouring Wealth Intergenerational Mobility by Increasing the Inheritance Tax: Putting the Case for France
    Post-Print, HAL
37. Taxer les héritages pour accroître la mobilité du patrimoine entre générations les inégalités entre générations
    PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique", HAL
38. Très cher héritage... Épargne vertueuse ou revenu d'aubaine ?
    PSE Working Papers, HAL

2011

39. L'épargnant dans un monde en crise: ce qui a changé
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (2)
40. La crise a-t-elle rendu l'épargnant plus prudent ?
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (3)
41. La crise, le risque et l'épargnant
    Post-Print, HAL
42. Wealth Effects on Consumption Plans: French Households in the Crisis
    Working papers, Banque de France View citations (7)
43. Épargne et choix de portefeuille des ménages: approches micro et macroéconomiques
    Post-Print, HAL
    See also Journal Article in Bulletin de la Banque de France (2011)

2010

44. French savers in the economic crisis (May 2007?June 2009): What has changed
    PSE Working Papers, HAL View citations (1)
45. Housing and Portfolio Choices in France
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (3)
46. Taxer les héritages pour réduire les inégalités entre générations
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (1)
47. Temperance in Stock Market Participation: Evidence from France
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (8)
    See also Journal Article in Economica (2010)
48. Être et avoirs, mort et patrimoine
    Post-Print, HAL

2009

49. "My Father was right": The transmission of values between generations
    PSE Working Papers, HAL View citations (11)
50. L'efficacité économique peut-elle justifier l'augmentation des droits de succession ?
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (1)
    Also in Post-Print, HAL (2008)
51. L'épargnant dans la crise
    PSE Working Papers, HAL
52. Le patrimoine en France: état des lieux, historique et perspectives
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2008)
53. Mon père avait raison: la transmission des valeurs entre les générations
    Post-Print, HAL
    Also in PSE Working Papers, HAL (2008) View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in Revue Française d'Économie (2009)
54. Stockholding: Does housing wealth matter?
    Working papers, Banque de France View citations (2)

2008

55. Des goûts et des richesses. Mesurer les préférences de l'épargnant vis-à-vis du risque et du temps
    PSE Working Papers, HAL
56. Des goûts et des richesses: préférences des épargnants face au risque et au temps
    Post-Print, HAL
57. Les Français sont-ils prudents ? Patrimoine et risque sur le marché du travail
    Post-Print, HAL
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2008)
58. Les Français sont-ils prudents ? Patrimoine et risque sur les revenus des ménages
    PSE Working Papers, HAL View citations (3)
59. Les riscophobes ont le vent en poupe
    Post-Print, HAL
60. Logiques d'épargne et conseil patrimonial
    Post-Print, HAL
61. Mode de vie, comportements, attitudes et préférences des Français
    PSE Working Papers, HAL

2007

62. How to Measure Risk and Time Preferences of Savers
    PSE Working Papers, HAL View citations (2)
63. Inégalités patrimoniales et choix individuels: des goûts et des richesses
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (7)
64. Patrimoine logement et cycle de vie
    Post-Print, HAL
65. Préférences face au risque et à l'avenir: types d'épargnants
    Post-Print, HAL
    See also Journal Article in Revue économique (2005)
66. Solidarités publiques et familiales
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (2)
67. Temperant portfolio choice and background risk: evidence from France
    PSE Working Papers, HAL

2006

68. Altruism, Exchange or Indirect Reciprocity: What Do the Data on Family Transfers Show?
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (14)
    Also in DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) (2002) View citations (18)
    See also Chapter (2006)
69. Solidarités publiques et familiales entre les âges et les générations: synergies ou antagonismes ?
    PSE Working Papers, HAL
70. Transmission and inequality of wealth: an empirical study of wealth mobility from 1800 to 1938 in France
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (8)
    See also Journal Article in The Journal of Economic Inequality (2006)
71. Transmission du patrimoine et impôt successoral
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (1)

2005

72. De la théorie à une enquête méthodologique originale
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2004)
73. Individual preferences and the distribution of wealth
    PSE Working Papers, HAL
74. Le questionnaire de l'enquête Insee-Delta: Comportements face au risque et à l'avenir
    Post-Print, HAL
75. Les comportements de l'épargnant à l'égard du risque et du temps
    Post-Print, HAL
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2004)
76. Mesurer les préférences individuelles pour le présent
    Post-Print, HAL
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2004)
77. Mesurer les préférences individuelles à l'égard du risque
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2004)
78. Préférences face au risque et à l'avenir
    Post-Print, HAL View citations (2)
79. Préférences individuelles et disparités du patrimoine
    Post-Print, HAL
    See also Journal Article in Économie et Statistique (2004)
80. Risk and time preferences: saver types
    PSE Working Papers, HAL View citations (1)

2004

81. Successions et héritiers dans la société rurale du XIXème siècle: l'exemple des familles TRA de Loire Inférieure
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure)
82. Transaction costs, Income Risk and Household Portfolio Allocation: Evidence from French Panel Data
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure)
83. Transmission et inégalité des fortunes: une étude empirique de la mobilité des patrimoines entre 1800 et 1938
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (1)

2003

84. Le patrimoine et ses logiques d'accumulation
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (3)

2002

85. Portfolio Choice with a Correlated Background Risk: Theory and Evidence
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (5)
86. Stockholding in France
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (15)

2001

87. Households' Portfolio Behavior in France: the Role of Housing
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (1)

2000

88. Consumption and Investment Motives in Housing Wealth Accumulation: a French Study
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Urban Economics (2001)
89. Risk Management and Wealth Accumulation Behavior in France
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in Economics Letters (2002)
90. Risk Management, Liquidity Constraints, and the Demand for Risky Assets in France
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure)

1999

91. Accumulation et transmission du patrimoine sur longue période: l'exemple d'une lignée paysanne de Loire-Atlantique (XIX-XXe siècles)
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure)
92. Family Transfers Involving Three Generations
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Scandinavian Journal of Economics (2001)
93. L'économie des générations: les familles et l'Etat
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (1)

1998

94. Taxation and Wealth Transmission in France
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Public Economics (2001)

1997

95. Bequests and inheritance: empirical issues and France-U.S. comparison
    CORE Discussion Papers RP, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE) View citations (3)
    Also in DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) (1996) View citations (14)
96. Comportements face au risque et à l'avenir: une enquête méthodologique
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (1)
97. Housing in French Households Portfolio
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure)

1996

98. Capitalist Versus Family Bequest: An Econometric Model with Two Endogenous Regimes
    DELTA Working Papers, DELTA (Ecole normale supérieure) View citations (1)

1995

99. Patrimoine et actifs financiers en 1992
    Working Papers, Laval - Laboratoire Econometrie

1994

100. L'assurance vie et le motif de precaution dans les choix de patrimoniaux des menages
     Working Papers, Laval - Laboratoire Econometrie View citations (1)
101. The effect of bequest motives on the composition and distribution of assests in France. In T. Tachibanski (ed.)
     CORE Discussion Papers RP, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE) View citations (4)

Journal Articles

2019

1. Does inequality matter for the consumption-wealth channel? Empirical evidence
   European Economic Review, 2019, 111, (C), 139-165
   See also Working Paper (2017)

2018

2. Financial Literacy and Asset Behaviour: Poor Education and Zero for Conduct?
   Comparative Economic Studies, 2018, 60, (1), 144-160
   See also Working Paper (2018)
3. Transmettre des valeurs entre générations: tel père tel fils ?
   Revue de l'OFCE, 2018, N° 156, (2), 77-95
   See also Working Paper (2018)

2017

4. Why does household demand for shares decline during the crisis? The French case
   Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, 2017, (494-495-496), 155-177
   See also Working Paper (2017)
5. Éducation financière et comportements patrimoniaux: mauvaise éducation et zéro de conduite ?
   Revue d'économie financière, 2017, N° 127, (3), 253-270
   See also Working Paper (2017)

2016

6. Households’ real estate and financial asset holdings: what differences in investment behaviour within the euro area?
   Rue de la Banque, 2016, (19)
7. How Do Households Allocate Their Assets? Stylized Facts from the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey
   International Journal of Central Banking, 2016, 12, (2), 129-220 View citations (10)
   See also Working Paper (2016)
8. ‘For Richer, For Poorer’: Assortative Mating and Savings Preferences
   Economica, 2016, 83, (331), 518-543 View citations (2)
   See also Working Paper (2016)

2015

9. Could French and Eurozone Savers Invest More in Risky Assets?
   Bankers, Markets & Investors, 2015, (138), 4-16
   See also Working Paper (2015)
10. Does financial literacy influence financial decisions?
    Rue de la Banque, 2015, (02)
11. Risk management, housing and stockholding
    Applied Economics, 2015, 47, (39), 4208-4227 View citations (2)
    See also Working Paper (2015)
12. Stockholding in France: the role of financial literacy and information
    Applied Economics Letters, 2015, 22, (16), 1315-1319 View citations (2)
    See also Working Paper (2015)

2014

13. Bequests and family traditions: the case of nineteenth century France
    Review of Economics of the Household, 2014, 12, (3), 439-459 View citations (2)
    See also Working Paper (2014)
14. Consommation et patrimoine des ménages: au‑delà du débat macroéconomique…
    Économie et Statistique, 2014, 472, (1), 21-48
    See also Working Paper (2014)
15. Introduction: Patrimoine et comportements d’épargne, les apports de l’enquête Patrimoine 2010
    Économie et Statistique, 2014, 472, (1), 5-20
    See also Working Paper (2014)
16. Inégalités de patrimoine entre générations: les donations aident‑elles les jeunes à s’installer ?
    Économie et Statistique, 2014, 472, (1), 65-100 View citations (2)
    See also Working Paper (2014)
17. Mesurer les préférences des épargnants: comment et pourquoi (en temps de crise) ?
    Économie et Statistique, 2014, 467, (1), 5-49 View citations (7)
    See also Working Paper (2014)

2013

18. Are “daddy’s boys” just as rich as daddy? The transmission of values between generations
    The Journal of Economic Inequality, 2013, 11, (4), 439-471 View citations (9)
    See also Working Paper (2013)
19. Patrimoine et endettement des ménages dans la zone euro:le rôle prépondérant de l’immobilier
    Bulletin de la Banque de France, 2013, (192), 81-94 View citations (6)

2012

20. L'épargnant au bord de la crise
    Revue d'économie financière, 2012, N° 108, (4), 69-90 View citations (1)
    See also Working Paper (2013)

2011

21. Households’ savings and portfolio choices: micro and macroeconomic approaches
    Quarterly selection of articles - Bulletin de la Banque de France, 2011, (22), 33-51 View citations (1)
22. Les comportements patrimoniaux des ménages en France: évolutions et déterminants entre 2004 et 2010
    Bulletin de la Banque de France, 2011, (185), 89-107
23. Taxer les héritages pour accroître la mobilité du patrimoine entre générations
    Revue française d'économie, 2011, Volume XXVI, (2), 23-72 View citations (5)
24. Épargne et choix de portefeuille des ménages: approches micro et macroéconomiques
    Bulletin de la Banque de France, 2011, (184), 45-57
    See also Working Paper (2011)

2010

25. Temperance in Stock Market Participation: Evidence from France
    Economica, 2010, 77, (306), 314-333 View citations (13)
    See also Working Paper (2010)

2009

26. « Mon père avait raison »: la transmission des valeurs entre les générations
    Revue Française d'Économie, 2009, 24, (1), 157-205
    See also Working Paper (2009)

2008

27. Le patrimoine en France: état des lieux, historique et perspectives
    Économie et Statistique, 2008, 417, (1), 3-25 View citations (4)
    See also Working Paper (2009)
28. Les Français sont-ils prudents ? Patrimoine et risque sur le marché du travail
    Économie et Statistique, 2008, 417, (1), 27-53 View citations (1)
    See also Working Paper (2008)

2006

29. Transmission and inequality of wealth: An empirical study of wealth mobility from 1800 to 1938 in France
    The Journal of Economic Inequality, 2006, 4, (2), 209-232 View citations (13)
    See also Working Paper (2006)

2005

30. Préférences face au risque et à l'avenir. Types d'épargnants
    Revue économique, 2005, 56, (2), 393-416 View citations (4)
    See also Working Paper (2007)

2004

31. De la théorie à une enquête méthodologique originale
    Économie et Statistique, 2004, 374, (1), 21-51 View citations (4)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
32. Les comportements de l'épargnant à l'égard du risque et du temps
    Économie et Statistique, 2004, 374, (1), 9-19 View citations (4)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
33. Mesurer les préférences individuelles pour le présent
    Économie et Statistique, 2004, 374, (1), 87-128 View citations (4)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
34. Mesurer les préférences individuelles à l'égard du risque
    Économie et Statistique, 2004, 374, (1), 53-85 View citations (3)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
35. Préférences individuelles et disparités du patrimoine
    Économie et Statistique, 2004, 374, (1), 129-157 View citations (2)
    See also Working Paper (2005)

2002

36. Risk management and wealth accumulation behavior in France
    Economics Letters, 2002, 74, (2), 187-194 View citations (30)
    See also Working Paper (2000)

2001

37. Behavior of Household Portfolios in France: the Role of Housing
    Review of Income and Wealth, 2001, 47, (4), 489-514 View citations (6)
38. Consumption and Investment Motives in Housing Wealth Accumulation: A French Study
    Journal of Urban Economics, 2001, 50, (1), 112-137 View citations (10)
    See also Working Paper (2000)
39. Family Transfers Involving Three Generations
    Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2001, 103, (3), 415-43 View citations (38)
    See also Working Paper (1999)
40. Taxation and wealth transmission in France
    Journal of Public Economics, 2001, 79, (1), 3-33 View citations (46)
    See also Working Paper (1998)

1998

41. La nature des transferts inter vivos en France: investissements humains, aides financières et transmission du patrimoine
    Économie et Prévision, 1998, 135, (4), 1-27 View citations (18)
42. Succession capitaliste et succession familiale: un modèle économétrique à deux régimes endogènes
    Annals of Economics and Statistics, 1998, (51), 187-208 View citations (2)

1996

43. Gestion du risque et comportements patrimoniaux
    Économie et Statistique, 1996, 296, (1), 63-89 View citations (22)
44. Montants du patrimoine et des actifs: qualité et représentativité des déclarations des ménages
    Économie et Statistique, 1996, 296, (1), 145-164 View citations (3)
45. Patrimoine des ménages: toujours le logement, mais aussi les actifs de précaution
    Économie et Statistique, 1996, 296, (1), 33-62 View citations (5)

1994

46. La transmission des grandes fortunes. Profil des riches défunts en France
    Économie et Statistique, 1994, 273, (1), 41-52 View citations (5)

1992

47. Hypothèse du cycle de vie et acquisition du logement: une étude économétrique
    Brussels Economic Review, 1992, 136, 457-489
48. Les partages inégaux de successions entre frères et soeurs
    Économie et Statistique, 1992, 256, (1), 29-42 View citations (11)

1991

49. Que nous enseignent les enquêtes sur les transferts patrimoniaux en France ?
    Économie et Prévision, 1991, 100, (4), 93-128 View citations (12)
50. Successions et héritiers à travers les données fiscales
    Économie et Prévision, 1991, 100, (4), 137-159 View citations (9)

1990

51. Hypothèse du cycle de vie, diversification et composition du patrimoine: France 1986
    Annals of Economics and Statistics, 1990, (17), 1-45 View citations (4)

1989

52. Déterminants individuels de la composition du patrimoine: France 1980
    Revue Économique, 1989, 40, (3), 441-502 View citations (1)
53. Hypothèse du cycle de vie et accumulation du patrimoine: France 1986
    Économie et Prévision, 1989, 90, (4), 11-30 View citations (1)

Chapters

2006

1. Altruism, exchange or indirect reciprocity: what do the data on family transfers show?
   Elsevier View citations (82)
   See also Working Paper (2006)