Review of Economic Studies

1933 - 2023

Current editor(s): Thomas Chaney, Andrea Galeotti, Bård Harstad, Nir Jaimovich, Kurt Mitman, Francesca Molinari, Katrine Loken and Elias Papaioannou

From Oxford University Press
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Oxford University Press ().

Access Statistics for this journal.
Track citations for all items by RSS feed
Is something missing from the series or not right? See the RePEc data check for the archive and series.

Volume 90, issue 4, 2023

Managerial Quality and Productivity Dynamics pp. 1569-1607

Achyuta Adhvaryu, Anant Nyshadham and Jorge Tamayo

Optimal Environmental Targeting in the Amazon Rainforest pp. 1608-1641

Juliano Assunção, Robert McMillan, Joshua Murphy and Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues

Wealth Dynamics in Communities pp. 1642-1668

Daniel Barron, Yingni Guo and Bryony Reich

Culture and the Historical Fertility Transition pp. 1669-1700

Brian Beach and W Walker Hanlon

Data-intensive Innovation and the State: Evidence from AI Firms in China pp. 1701-1723

Martin Beraja, David Y Yang and Noam Yuchtman

An Instrumental Variable Approach to Dynamic Models pp. 1724-1758

Steven T Berry and Giovanni Compiani

Time Consistency and Duration of Government Debt: A Model of Quantitative Easing pp. 1759-1799

Saroj Bhattarai, Gauti Eggertsson and Bulat Gafarov

Career Spillovers in Internal Labour Markets pp. 1800-1831

Nicola Bianchi, Giulia Bovini, Jin Li, Matteo Paradisi and Michael Powell

Opinions as Facts pp. 1832-1864

Leonardo Bursztyn, Aakaash Rao, Christopher Roth and David Yanagizawa-Drott

Agenda-Manipulation in Ranking pp. 1865-1892

Gregorio Curello and Ludvig Sinander

Optimal Corporate Taxation Under Financial Frictions pp. 1893-1933

Eduardo Dávila and Benjamin Hebert

Moral Universalism and the Structure of Ideology pp. 1934-1962

Benjamin Enke, Ricardo Rodríguez-Padilla and Florian Zimmermann

Subsidizing Labour Hoarding in Recessions: The Employment and Welfare Effects of Short-time Work pp. 1963-2005

Giulia Giupponi and Camille Landais

Estimation of Discrete Games with Weak Assumptions on Information pp. 2006-2041

Lorenzo Magnolfi and Camilla Roncoroni

Screening with Frames: Implementation in Extensive Form pp. 2042-2082

Franz Ostrizek and Denis Shishkin

Volume 90, issue 3, 2023

When Less is More: Improving Choices in Health Insurance Markets pp. 1011-1040

Jason Abaluck and Jonathan Gruber

Wall Street and Silicon Valley: A Delicate Interaction pp. 1041-1083

George-Marios Angeletos, Guido Lorenzoni and Alessandro Pavan

Matching in Dynamic Imbalanced Markets pp. 1084-1124

Itai Ashlagi, Afshin Nikzad and Philipp Strack

Infrequent Random Portfolio Decisions in an Open Economy Model pp. 1125-1154

Philippe Bacchetta, Eric van Wincoop and Eric Young

Multinomial Logit Processes and Preference Discovery: Inside and Outside the Black Box pp. 1155-1194

Simone Cerreia-Vioglio, Fabio Maccheroni, Massimo Marinacci and Aldo Rustichini

Estimating Intergenerational and Assortative Processes in Extended Family Data pp. 1195-1227

M Dolores Collado, Ignacio Ortuño-Ortín and Jan Stuhler

Price Discrimination and Public Policy in the US College Market pp. 1228-1264

Ian Fillmore

Marginal Jobs and Job Surplus: A Test of the Efficiency of Separations pp. 1265-1303

Simon Jäger, Benjamin Schoefer and Josef Zweimüller

Asset Prices and Unemployment Fluctuations: A Resolution of the Unemployment Volatility Puzzle* pp. 1304-1357

Patrick J Kehoe, Pierlauro Lopez, Virgiliu Midrigan and Elena Pastorino

Sentimental Business Cycles pp. 1358-1393

Andresa Lagerborg, Evi Pappa and Morten Ravn

Consumer Search and Prices in the Automobile Market pp. 1394-1440

José Luis Moraga-González, Zsolt Sándor and Matthijs R Wildenbeest

Reputation Building under Observational Learning pp. 1441-1469

Harry Pei

We Are All Behavioural, More, or Less: A Taxonomy of Consumer Decision-Making pp. 1470-1498

Victor Stango and Jonathan Zinman

The Missing Profits of Nations pp. 1499-1534

Thomas Tørsløv, Ludvig Wier and Gabriel Zucman

Hours Constraints, Occupational Choice, and Gender: Evidence from Medical Residents pp. 1535-1568

Melanie Wasserman

Volume 90, issue 1, 2023

Immigration and Redistribution pp. 1-39

Alberto Alesina, Armando Miano and Stefanie Stantcheva

Measuring Belief-dependent Preferences without Data on Beliefs pp. 40-64

Charles Bellemare and Alexander Sebald

What is a Good School, and Can Parents Tell? Evidence on the Multidimensionality of School Output pp. 65-101

Diether Beuermann, C Kirabo Jackson, Laia Navarro-Sola and Francisco Pardo

Are Marriage-Related Taxes and Social Security Benefits Holding Back Female Labour Supply? pp. 102-131

Margherita Borella, Mariacristina De Nardi and Fang Yang

A World Equilibrium Model of the Oil Market pp. 132-164

Gideon Bornstein, Per Krusell and Sergio Rebelo

Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights pp. 165-200

Alvaro Calderon, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini

Simple Adaptive Size-Exact Testing for Full-Vector and Subvector Inference in Moment Inequality Models pp. 201-228

Gregory Cox and Xiaoxia Shi

Innovation and Strategic Network Formation pp. 229-260

Krishna Dasaratha

The Emergence of Market Structure pp. 261-292

Maryam Farboodi, Gregor Jarosch and Robert Shimer

Affordable Housing and City Welfare pp. 293-330

Jack Favilukis, Pierre Mabille and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

Slicing the Pie: Quantifying the Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Trade pp. 331-375

Simon Galle, Andres Rodriguez-Clare and Moises Yi

Using Bid Rotation and Incumbency to Detect Collusion: A Regression Discontinuity Approach pp. 376-403

Kei Kawai, Jun Nakabayashi, Juan Ortner and Sylvain Chassang

Should Central Banks Issue Digital Currency? pp. 404-431

Todd Keister and Daniel Sanches

Behaviour within a Clinical Trial and Implications for Mammography Guidelines pp. 432-462

Amanda Kowalski

How Do Inheritances Shape Wealth Inequality? Theory and Evidence from Sweden pp. 463-498

Arash Nekoei and David Seim

Volume 89, issue 6, 2022

The Dynamics of Return Migration, Human Capital Accumulation, and Wage Assimilation (Immigration and Spatial Equilibrium: The Role of Expenditures in the Country of Origin) pp. 2841-2871

Jerome Adda, Christian Dustmann and Joseph-Simon Görlach

The Impact of Car Pollution on Infant and Child Health: Evidence from Emissions Cheating (Management and Shocks to Worker Productivity) pp. 2872-2910

Diane Alexander and Hannes Schwandt

The Welfare Effects of Transportation Infrastructure Improvements (General Equilibrium Effects in Space: Theory and Measurement) pp. 2911-2957

Treb Allen and Costas Arkolakis

Subjective Models of the Macroeconomy: Evidence From Experts and Representative Samples (Rationally Confused: On the Aggregate Implications of Information Provision Policies) pp. 2958-2991

Peter Andrebriq, Carlo Pizzinelli, Christopher Roth and Johannes Wohlfart

Product Life Cycle, Learning, and Nominal Shocks (Optimal Learning by Experimentation) pp. 2992-3054

David Argente and Chen Yeh

Coordinated Capacity Reductions and Public Communication in the Airline Industry (Exchangees of Cost Information in the Airline Industry) pp. 3055-3084

Gaurab Aryal, Federico Ciliberto and Benjamin Leyden

Yogurts Choose Consumers? Estimation of Random-Utility Models via Two-Sided Matching (Unobserved Product Differentiation in Discrete-Choice Models: Estimating Price Elasticities and Welfare Effects) pp. 3085-3114

Odran Bonnet, Alfred Galichon, Yu-Wei Hsieh, Keith O’Hara and Matt Shum

China’s Model of Managing the Financial System (Beauty Contests and Iterated Expectations in Asset Markets) pp. 3115-3153

Markus Brunnermeier, Michael Sockin and Wei Xiong

The Design of Teacher Assignment: Theory and Evidence (House Allocation with Existing Tenants) pp. 3154-3222

Julien Combe, Olivier Tercieux and Camille Terrier

A Theory of Participation in OTC and Centralized Markets (Trade Dynamics in the Market for Federal Funds) pp. 3223-3266

Jérôme Dugast, Semih Üslü and Pierre-Olivier Weill

Welfare and Redistribution in Residential Electricity Markets with Solar Power (Residential Consumption of Gas and Electricity in the US: The Role of Prices and Income) pp. 3267-3302

Fabian Feger, Nicola Pavanini and Doina Radulescu

Seawalls and Stilts: A Quantitative Macro Study of Climate Adaptation (The Environment and Directed Technical Change) pp. 3303-3344

Stephie Fried

Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty (Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality) pp. 3345-3380

Paul Hufe, Ravi Kanbur and Andreas Peichlifo

Globalization, Gender, and the Family (Trade Shocks and Labor Adjustment: A Structural Empirical Approach) pp. 3381-3409

Wolfgang Keller and Hale Utar

The Unavoidability of Low Inflation–Low Output Traps (Forward Guidance without Common Knowledge) pp. 3410-3435

Narayana Kocherlakota

Volume 89, issue 5, 2022

Killer Incentives: Rivalry, Performance and Risk-Taking among German Fighter Pilots, 1939–45 (The Perils of High-Powered Incentives: Evidence from Colombia’s False Positives) pp. 2257-2292

Philipp Ager, Leonardo Bursztyn, Lukas Leucht and Hans-Joachim Voth

Interventions and Cognitive Spillovers (The Welfare Effects of Nudges: A Case Study of Energy Use Social Comparisons) pp. 2293-2328

Steffen Altmann, Andreas Grunewald and Jonas Radbruch

Informal Risk Sharing with Local Information (Network Structure and the Aggregation of Information: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia) pp. 2329-2380

Attila Ambrus, Wayne Gao and Pau Milán

An Information-based Theory of Financial Intermediation (Trade Dynamics in the Market for Federal Funds) pp. 2381-2444

Zachary Bethune, Bruno Sultanum and Nicholas Trachter

Multi-asset Noisy Rational Expectations Equilibrium with Contingent Claims (A Noisy Rational Expectations Equilibrium for Multi-asset Securities Markets) pp. 2445-2490

Georgy Chabakauri, Kathy Yuan and Konstantinos E Zachariadis

Caught between Cultures: Unintended Consequences of Improving Opportunity for Immigrant Girls (Economics and Identity) pp. 2491-2528

Gordon Dahl, Christina Felfe, Paul Frijters and Helmut Rainer

Currency Choice in Contracts (Currency Unions) pp. 2529-2558

Andres Drenik, Rishabh Kirpalani and Diego J Perez

Recovering Investor Expectations from Demand for Index Funds (American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) Investor Sentiment Survey) pp. 2559-2599

Mark Egan, Alexander MacKay and Hanbin Yang

Cupid’s Invisible Hand: Social Surplus and Identification in Matching Models (An Empirical Model of the Medical Match) pp. 2600-2629

Alfred Galichon and Bernard Salanié

Optimal Auctions: Non-expected Utility and Constant Risk Aversion (A Nonconvex Variational Problem with Constraints) pp. 2630-2662

Alex Gershkov, Benny Moldovanu, Philipp Strack and Mengxi Zhang

Inference with Many Weak Instruments (Specification Testing in Models with Many Instruments) pp. 2663-2686

Anna Mikusheva and Liyang Sun

Coordination and Continuous Stochastic Choice (Dynamic Global Games of Regime change: Learning, Multiplicity, and the Timing of Attacks) pp. 2687-2722

Stephen Morris and Ming Yang

Intelligence, Errors, and Cooperation in Repeated Interactions (Reasoning about Others’ Reasoning) pp. 2723-2767

Eugenio Proto, Aldo Rustichini and Andis Sofianos

Taking the Fed at its Word: A New Approach to Estimating Central Bank Objectives using Text Analysis (Inflation Targeting Does Not Anchor Inflation Expectations: Evidence from Firms in New Zealand) pp. 2768-2805

Adam Shapiro and Daniel Wilson

Patience and Comparative Development (How Large Are Human-capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws) pp. 2806-2840

Uwe Sunde, Thomas Dohmen, Benjamin Enke, Armin Falkbriq, David Huffman and Gerrit Meyerheim

Volume 89, issue 4, 2022

Geography and Agricultural Productivity: Cross-Country Evidence from Micro Plot-Level Data pp. 1629-1653

Tasso Adamopoulos and Diego Restuccia

Central Bank Swap Lines: Evidence on the Effects of the Lender of Last Resort (Bias-Corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects) pp. 1654-1693

Saleem Bahaj and Ricardo Reis

Endogenous Social Interactions with Unobserved Networks (Endogenous Production Networks) pp. 1694-1747

Marco Battaglini, Eleonora Patacchini and Edoardo Rainone

Financial Regulation in a Quantitative Model of the Modern Banking System (Securitization Without Risk Transfer) pp. 1748-1784

J Begenau and T Landvoigt

Forbidden Fruits: The Political Economy of Science, Religion, and Growth (Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective) pp. 1785-1832

Roland Benabou, Davide Ticchi and Andrea Vindigni

Lending Relationships and Optimal Monetary Policy (A Comprehensive Revision of the U.S. Monetary Services (Divisia) Indexes) pp. 1833-1872

Zachary Bethune, Guillaume Rocheteau, Russell Wong and Cathy Zhang

Trade Finance and the Durability of the Dollar (Understanding Trade Finance: Theory and Evidence from Transaction-level Data) pp. 1873-1910

Ryan Chahrour and Rosen Valchev

A Theory of Monetary Union and Financial Integration pp. 1911-1947

Luca Fornaro

Overcoming Free-Riding in Bandit Games pp. 1948-1992

Johannes Hörner, Nicolas Klein and Sven Rady

An Equilibrium Analysis of the Long-Term Care Insurance Market pp. 1993-2025

Ami Ko

Fragile Self-Esteem (Students’ Response to Academic Setback: “Growth Mindset” as a Buffer against Demotivation) pp. 2026-2060

Botond Koszegi, George Loewenstein and Takeshi Murooka

Entrepreneurial Human Capital and Firm Dynamics (How Large Are Human-Capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws) pp. 2061-2100

Francisco Queiró

Patent Screening, Innovation, and Welfare (Innovation, Reallocation, and Growth) pp. 2101-2148

Mark Schankerman and Florian Schuett

Policy Effects of International Taxation on Firm Dynamics and Capital Structure (Foreign investment of us multinationals: The effect of tax policy and agency conflicts) pp. 2149-2200

Adam Spencer

Folk Theorem in Repeated Games with Private Monitoring (Collusion in Dynamic Bertrand Oligopoly with Correlated Private Signals and Communication) pp. 2201-2256

Takuo Sugaya

Volume 89, issue 3, 2022

Are High-Interest Loans Predatory? Theory and Evidence from Payday Lending (Choice Inconsistencies among the Elderly: Evidence from Plan Choice in the Medicare Part D Program) pp. 1041-1084

Hunt Allcott, Joshua Kim, Dmitry Taubinsky and Jonathan Zinman

Confidence and the Propagation of Demand Shocks (No Firm is an Island? How Industry Conditions Shape Firms’ Aggregate Expectations) pp. 1085-1119

George-Marios Angeletos and Chen Lian

Liquidity Constraints in the U.S. Housing Market (Why Do Homeowners Make Mortgage Curtailment Payments?) pp. 1120-1154

Corina Boar, Denis Gorea and Virgiliu Midrigan

Fiscal Multipliers and Foreign Holdings of Public Debt (When Should You Adjust Standard Errors for Clustering?) pp. 1155-1204

Fernando Broner, Daragh Clancy, Aitor Erce and Alberto Martin

Who Chooses Commitment? Evidence and Welfare Implications (Self-Control and Demand for Commitment in Online Game Playing: Evidence from a Field Experiment) pp. 1205-1244

Mariana Carrera, Heather Royer, Mark Stehr, Justin Sydnor and Dmitry Taubinsky

Priority Design in Centralized Matching Markets (Research Design Meets Market Design: Using Centralized Assignment for Impact Evaluation) pp. 1245-1277

Oğuzhan Çelebi and Joel P Flynn

Liquidity Risk and Long-Term Finance: Evidence from a Natural Experiment (Was Prometheus Unbound by Chance? Risk, Diversification, and Growth) pp. 1278-1313

Ali Choudhary and Nicola Limodio

Concentration Bias in Intertemporal Choice (Eliciting Risk and Time Preferences) pp. 1314-1334

Markus Dertwinkel-Kalt, Holger Gerhardt, Gerhard Riener, Frederik Schwerter and Louis Strang

Risk Premium Shocks Can Create Inefficient Recessions (Uninsured Idiosyncratic Investment Risk and Aggregate Saving) pp. 1335-1369

Sebastian Di Tella and Robert Hall

Firm Dynamics, On-the-Job Search, and Labor Market Fluctuations (Optimal Investment with Costly Reversibility) pp. 1370-1419

Michael Elsby and Axel Gottfries

Firm Heterogeneity in Consumption Baskets: Evidence from Home and Store Scanner Data (Measuring Trends in Leisure: The Allocation of Time over Five Decades) pp. 1420-1459

Benjamin Faber and Thibault Fally

Measuring the Incentive to Collude: The Vitamin Cartels, 1990–99 (Extremal Equilibria of Oligopolistic Supergames) pp. 1460-1494

Mitsuru Igami and Takuo Sugaya

Winning by Default: Why is There So Little Competition in Government Procurement? (Specification and Negotiation in Incomplete Contracts) pp. 1495-1556

Karam Kang and Robert A Miller

The Gift of Moving: Intergenerational Consequences of a Mobility Shock pp. 1557-1592

Emi Nakamura, Jósef Sigurdsson and Jón Steinsson

The Real Effects of Monetary Expansions: Evidence from a Large-scale Historical Experiment pp. 1593-1627

Nuno Palma

Volume 89, issue 2, 2022

Collateral Booms and Information Depletion (Rational Exuberance Booms) pp. 517-555

Vladimir Asriyan, Luc Laeven and Alberto Martin

Spatial Equilibrium, Search Frictions, and Dynamic Efficiency in the Taxi Industry (Search frictions and market power in negotiated-price markets) pp. 556-591

Nicholas Buchholz

Skill-Biased Structural Change (Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings) pp. 592-625

Francisco J Buera, Joseph Kaboski, Richard Rogerson and Juan I Vizcaino

Risky Matching (Constructing AFQT Scores that are Comparable Across the NLSY79 and the NLSY97) pp. 626-665

Hector Chade and Ilse Lindenlaub

Structural Breaks in an Endogenous Growth Model (Monetary Policy Regimes and Beliefs) pp. 666-694

Timothy Cogley and Boyan Jovanovic

Corruption and Firms (Mafia and Public Spending: Evidence on the Fiscal Multiplier from a Quasi-experiment) pp. 695-732

Emanuele Colonnelli and Mounu Prem

International Spillovers and Local Credit Cycles (Exchange Rate Dynamics and Monetary Spillovers with Imperfect Financial Markets) pp. 733-773

Julian di Giovanni, Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Mehmet Ulu and Yusuf Baskaya

Roman Transport Network Connectivity and Economic Integration (Transport) pp. 774-810

Matthias Flückiger, Erik Hornung, Mario Larch, Markus Ludwig and Allard Mees

From Immigrants to Americans: Race and Assimilation during the Great Migration (Immigration in American Economic History) pp. 811-842

Vasiliki Fouka, Soumyajit Mazumder and Marco Tabellini

Conditional Superior Predictive Ability (Modeling and Forecasting Realized Volatility) pp. 843-875

Jia Li, Zhipeng Liao and Rogier Quaedvlieg

Long-Term Effects of Childhood Nutrition: Evidence from a School Lunch Reform (The Long-run Impact of Cash Transfers to Poor Families) pp. 876-908

Petter Lundborg, Dan-Olof Rooth and Jesper Alex-Petersen

The Extensive Margin of Aggregate Consumption Demand (Cost of Living Inequality during the Great Recession) pp. 909-947

Claudio Michelacci, Luigi Paciello and Andrea Pozzi

Rationalizability, Observability, and Common Knowledge* (Player Importance and Forward Induction) pp. 948-975

Antonio Penta and Peio Zuazo-Garin

Uncertainty in the Hot Hand Fallacy: Detecting Streaky Alternatives to Random Bernoulli Sequences (A Statistical Analysis of Hitting Streaks in Baseball) pp. 976-1007

David M Ritzwoller and Joseph P Romano

Welfare Effects of Dynamic Matching: An Empirical Analysis (The Welfare Effects of Coordinated Assignment: Evidence from the New York City High School Match) pp. 1008-1037

Valentin Verdier and Carson Reeling

Volume 89, issue 1, 2022

Demographics and Automation (Automation and Demographic Change) pp. 1-44

Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo

Income and Wealth Distribution in Macroeconomics: A Continuous-Time Approach (On the Existence and Uniqueness of Stationary Equilibrium in Bewley Economies with Production) pp. 45-86

Yves Achdou, Jiequn Han, Jean-Michel Lasry, Pierre-Louis Lionse and Benjamin Moll

Understanding the Size of the Government Spending Multiplier: It’s in the Sign (Downward Wage Rigidity and Business Cycle Asymmetries) pp. 87-117

Régis Barnichon, Davide Debortoli and Christian Matthes

A Menu of Insurance Contracts for the Unemployed (The Effect of Unemployment Insurance Sanctions on the Transition Rate from Unemployment to Employment) pp. 118-141

Régis Barnichon and Yanos Zylberberg

The U.K. as a Technological Follower: Higher Education Expansion and the College Wage Premium (Why Do New Technologies Complement Skills? Directed Technical Change and Wage Inequality) pp. 142-180

Richard Blundell, David Green and Wenchao Jin

Quasi-Experimental Shift-Share Research Designs (Sampling-based vs. Design-based Uncertainty in Regression Analysis) pp. 181-213

Kirill Borusyak, Peter Hull and Xavier Jaravel

Recoverability and Expectations-Driven Fluctuations (Non-Fundamentalness in Structural Econometric Models: A Review) pp. 214-239

Ryan Chahrour and Kyle Jurado

Choice with Endogenous Categorization (The Adaptive Nature of Human Categorization) pp. 240-278

Andrew Ellis and Yusufcan Masatlioglu

Should Robots Be Taxed? (Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings) pp. 279-311

Joao Guerreiro, Sergio Rebelo and Pedro Teles

Instrument-Based versus Target-Based Rules (The Economics of Labor Coercion) pp. 312-345

Marina Halac and Pierre Yared

Improving Management with Individual and Group-Based Consulting: Results from a Randomized Experiment in Colombia (From Proof of Concept to Scaleable Policies: Challenges and Solutions, with an Application) pp. 346-371

Leonardo Iacovone, William Maloney and David McKenzie

Social Connectedness and Local Contagion (Blockchain Economics) pp. 372-410

C Matthew Leister, Yves Zenou and Junjie Zhou

An Elementary Theory of Directed Technical Change and Wage Inequality (Automation and Demographic Change) pp. 411-451

Jonas Loebbing

Migration and Informal Insurance: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial and a Structural Model (Efficient Risk Sharing with Limited Commitment and Hidden Storage) pp. 452-480

Costas Meghir, A Mushfiq Mobarak, Corina Mommaerts and Melanie Morten

Exchange Rate Exposure and Firm Dynamics (Credit Constraints and the Cyclicality of R&D Investment: Evidence from France) pp. 481-514

Juliana Salomao and Liliana Varela