IZA Discussion Papers

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18991: AI Adoption by Firms: Insights from the Literature and the German Innovation Survey

Fernández, Gastón P., Christian Rammer and Dirk Czarnitzki

18990: Big Daycare: The Growth of Private Equity in the U.S. Child Care Market

Jessica Brown and Chris Herbst

18989: The Effects of Course-Integrated AI Tutoring on Student Performance and Engagement: A Randomized University Trial

Jing Liu, Tracy Sweet, Marty Chen, Jonathan Engelberg, Megan Masters, Martyn Clark, Axel Persaud, Alia Lancaster, Jeffrey Hollingsworth and Jennifer Rice

18988: Does Limiting Temporary Work Improve Employment Stability? Evidence for Young Workers in Spain

Florentino Felgueroso, García-Pérez, José Ignacio, Marcel Jansen, Jiménez-Martín, Sergi and Pérez-Gutiérrez, Daniel

18987: Mind the Gap: Gender Inequality in Europe’s Twin Transition

Letizia Deriu, Daniela Piazzalunga and Chiara Tomasi

18986: Opportunity-Sensitive Social Welfare

Tim Wienand, Brice Magdalou, Richard Nock and Paul Hufe

18985: Sorting in a Market for Lemons

Xiaoming Cai and Pieter Gautier

18984: Can AI Improve Household Welfare in Poorer Countries? Evidence and Measurement Challenges

Hai-Anh Dang and Minh Do

18983: Cultural Barriers, Structural Transformation, and Demographic Transition: Evidence from the 1989 Bulgarian--Turkish Refugee Inflow

Mevlude Akbulut-Yuksel, Abdurrahman Aydemir, Murat Kırdar and Belgi Turan

18982: Consumption Dynamics and Labor/Non-Labor Incomes

Ignacio Belloc, José Alberto Molina and Jorge Velilla

18981: Immigrant-Native Wage Gaps and Rent Sharing: A Segmented Assimilation Story?

Kevin Pineda-Hernandez, Rycx, François and Volral, Mélanie

18980: Long-Run Trends in the Age of Labor Market Entry

Isabella Mantel and Regina Riphahn

18979: Integrated vs. Separated Schooling for Refugee Children: Long-Term Effects on Education and Assimilation

Caterina Pavese, Simon ter Meulen and Ludger Woessmann

18978: Undetected: Dementia Diagnosis Under Fee-for-Service and Capitated Medicare

Yuting Qian, Heather Allore and Xi Chen

18977: When the Fields Burn: The Hidden Costs of Agricultural Fires on Children's Education

Lihini de Silva, Rafat Mahmood and Sundar Ponnusamy

18976: The Price of Unpredictability: Scheduling Demands, Gender and Selection in the Gig Economy

Natasha Jha, Martin Abel and Patrizio Piraino

18975: Gender Norms and Occupational Segregation: A Spatial Analysis of the Swiss Apprenticeship Market

Andreas Kuhn

18974: Childhood Exposure to Communal Violence and Long-Run Religious Inequality in Psychological and Economic Well-Being

Soham Sahoo and Shweta Sogani

18973: Were All the Good Men Married? Investigating the Marriage Premium in Sweden, 1947–2022

Martin Dribe and Maria Stanfors

18972: Designing Effective Public-Private Partnerships in Education

Gustavo Arcia, Kevin Macdonald and Harry Patrinos

18971: Female Labor Supply in a Developing Economy: Intrahousehold Decision-Making and Non-Monetary Costs

Natalia Radchenko and Hoa Vo

18970: Life-Cycle Wage Growth and Firm Productivity in Developed and Developing Economies

Kerstin Holzheu and Muñoz-Morales, Juan

18969: Instrumental-Variable Estimation of Fixed-Effects Fractional-Outcome Panel Data Models, with an Application to a Major Disability Support Policy Reform

Nicole Black, Bernice Ma, D Tung Mai, Christopher Skeels and Kevin Staub

18968: The Introduction of Universal Child Care in New Mexico: Initial Evidence on Mothers' Labor Supply

Chris Herbst

18967: Entry Motivations Shape Preferences for Social Protection Among Platform Workers

Zuzanna Kowalik, Piotr Lewandowski, Fabrizio Pompei, Holger Stichnoth, Wojciech Szymczak and Thil, Laurène

18966: Why Do People Migrate Irregularly? Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment in West Africa

Tijan Bah and Catia Batista

18965: Organizing Expertise with Externalities: Evidence from Primary Care

Amanda Dahlstrand, Shan Huang, Nestor Le Nestour and Guy Michaels

18964: Artificial Intelligence-Related Digital Skills and Employment Outcomes for Underrepresented Women

Nick Drydakis

18963: Skill Certifications and Migrant Labor Market Integration: Experimental Evidence from Colombia

Matias Busso, Carolina Gonzalez-Velosa, Muñoz-Morales, Juan, Juanita Ruiz, Juan Valencia and Cynthia van der Werf

18962: Countercyclical Earnings Risk and the Welfare Costs of Business Cycles

John Braxton, Marlena Eley, Jonathan Rothbaum and Shannon Sledz

18961: Occupational Deregulation, Skill Scarcity, and Incumbent Wage Premia

Julia Bredtmann, Sebastian Otten and Timo Rammert

18960: The Gender Wage Gap Among Those Born in 1958: Conditioning on What and How?

Alex Bryson

18959: Are Temporary Work Agency Jobs Stepping Stones? Exploiting Variation in the Timing of Bankruptcy

Ron Diris, Jordy Meekes and Olaf van Vliet

18958: Inequality, Fiscal Policy and Satisfaction with the Government: Decomposition and Simulation

Federico Fiorani, Denisa Sologon and Xavier Jara

18957: Cream-Skimming and the Wage Structure

Theodore Koutmeridis

18956: Ideologically Motivated Disrespect Drives Polarization

Kjell Brekke and Karine Nyborg

18955: Configurations of Ancestral Norms and Women’s Empowerment

Ulugbek Aminjonov and Olivier Bargain

18954: Business Development and Provincial Income in Vietnam: The Role of Labor Market Conditions

Nga Le Thi Quynh and Almas Heshmati

18953: Poverty Mobility in Developing Countries: Stylized Facts, Data Constraints, and Subnational Illustrations

Hai-Anh Dang and Peter Lanjouw

18952: Poverty and Income Mobility in a Data-Scarce World: Concepts, Measures, and Data Challenges

Hai-Anh Dang

18951: Will Today’s Children Be Richer than Their Parents? Projecting Future Absolute Intergenerational Income Mobility

Maruf Ahmed, Nathan Deutscher and Peter Siminski

18950: So Far Away? Hiring Discrimination against Female Commuters

Sascha Becker, Ana Fernandes, Nurlan Lalayev and Doris Weichselbaumer

18949: Aligning School and Work: How After-School Care Shapes Maternal Labor Supply

Guanfu Fang, Benyu Qian and Zhong Zhao

18948: Economics Research: Developing Ideas and Getting an Article Published

Pilar Cuevas, Daniel Hamermesh and Almudena Sevilla

18947: Male Dominance and Cultural Extinction

Eleonora Guarnieri and Ana Tur-Prats

18946: Shocking a CEO: Economic Disintegration and Executive Compensation in Manufacturing and Services Firms

Görg, Holger and Federico Merchan

18945: The Early Impacts of AI on Employment among Recent College Graduates

Robert Fairlie and Jane Wu

18944: Assessing Hypothetical Scenarios for Estimating Labor Supply Responses: Evidence from a Pension Reform

Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola, Jonas Jessen, Pinchuan Ong and Jessica Pan

18943: Corridor Invoicing: Real Hedging in International Trade

Emanuele Brancati, Marco Brianti, Jaromir Nosal and Fabio Schiantarelli

18942: Eliciting Information about Teacher Applicants Using Open-Ended Questions

Joseph Aguilar-Bohorquez, Dan Goldhaber, Cyrus Grout, Elton Mykerezi, Prayash Pathak and Aaron Sojourner

18941: Individual-Level Inequality

Laurens Cherchye, Bram De Rock and Frederic Vermeulen

18940: Which H-1B Workers Earn the Highest Wages? Distinctions by Visa Status at the Time of Petition

Chad Sparber

18939: Intensity of Artificial Intelligence Use and the Intensive Margin of Exports: Evidence from Firms in 12 Euro Area Countries in 2025

Joachim Wagner

18938: Technology and Retirement

Milena Nikolova and Viola Angelini

18937: Labor Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements: Trade Effects, Worker Outcomes, and the Turn Toward Enforcement and Supply-Chain Governance

Lourenco Paz

18936: The Gender Gap in STEM Majors: The (Un)-Importance of Life Goals

Margaret Leighton and Jamin Speer

18935: Perceived versus Realized Income Dynamics: Evidence from Subjective Expectations

Henrique Basso, Olympia Bover, Julio Galvez and Laura Hospido

18934: At-Risk or Responsive? Targeting in Unemployment Policy

Sebastian Ernst, Andreas Mueller, Johannes Spinnewijn and Joost Bollens

18933: Taxes on International Students: Demand and Supply Response for Post-Graduation Foreign Workers on Optional Practical Training

Michael Clemens

18932: Gender Equality Bargaining: Evidence from Finland

Antti Kauhanen and Krista Riukula

18931: Networks, Diversity, and the Economic Performance of Migrants: Evidence from the Pontine Marshes (1932-1941)

Docquier, Frédéric, Alice Dominici, Fernández, Martín and Fabio Mariani

18930: Strictness in the Evaluation of Job Search Effort and Employment Outcomes

Lovisa Rambjer, Arne Uhlendorff and Vikström, Johan

18929: Populist Rule and the Formation of Zero-Sum Beliefs

Nicolas Ajzenman, Cevat Giray Aksoy and Harry Pickard

18928: Direct Democracy and Candidate Choice: Evidence from Abortion Ballot Measures

Graham Gardner, Kayleigh McCrary and Melissa Spencer

18927: Retreat, Reset, Regret? Recruiters Read Job Applicants’ Career Breaks for Mental Health as Signals of Skill Deterioration and Ideal Worker Norm Violation

Liam D'hert, Stijn Baert and Kristen du Bois

18926: The Evolution of UK Income Inequality: A GB2 Distribution Perspective

Stephen Jenkins

18925: Pay Frequency and Employment Stability

Anthony Lepinteur and Adrian Nieto Castro

18924: The Last or Lasting Samurai? The Impact of Secondary Education Expansion on Elite Attainment and Occupational Sorting after Japan’s Meiji Restoration

Hidehiko Ichimura, Yasuyuki Sawada, Yutaro Takayasu and Mari Tanaka

18923: Moving the Quality Needle? Provider Choice, Waiting Times, and Clinical Outcomes

Joan Costa-Font and Juan David Garcia Corchero

18922: Editor Visits and Publication Success

Marina Gertsberg and Emmanuel Yimfor

18921: Conditional Cash Transfers and the Geography of Intergenerational Education Mobility in the Philippines

Teresa Molina and Cara Tan

18920: Bigger Provinces, Hidden Gaps: A View of Viet Nam’s 63-to-34 Reform beyond the Averages

Hai-Anh Dang, Minh Do and Duy-Anh Le

18919: Women’s Employment and Working-Hour Adjustments to Japan’s 2016 Expansion of Employees’ Social Insurance Coverage

Marie Hirakawa, Nobuko Nagase and Emiko Usui

18918: The Anatomy and Evolution of Survey Error

Bruce Meyer, Nikolas Mittag, Derek Wu, Anthony Tatarka and Patrick Langetieg

18917: Staying Against the Odds: On the Drivers of Teacher Retention in Conflict-Affected Contexts

Diego de la Fuente Stevens, Gauthier Marchais, Cyril Brandt, Carolina Holland-Szyp and Samuel Matabishi

18916: Syrian Refugee Employment in Turkish MSMEs: Employer Experience and Formal Hiring Frictions

Mpumelelo Nxumalo and Dhushyanth Raju

18915: Who Converges Toward Whom? The Direction of Risk-Attitude Convergence within Couples

Frémeaux, Nicolas and SeEun Jung

18914: Minimum Wages and Worker Retention: The Roles of Labour Concentration and Employment Protection

Andy Snell, Enzo Almeida, Pedro Martins and Jonathan Thomas

18913: Moving Fathers: Workplace Interventions for Paternal Involvement in Childcare

Mari Tanaka, Hiroko Okudaira, Mariko Sakka and Shintaro Yamaguchi

18912: Barriers to Labor Migration for the Rural Poor

Abu Shonchoy, Tomoki Fujii and Selim Raihan

18911: The Price of Youth: Income and Age-Hypergamy

Claudia Senik and Anne Solaz

18910: Childcare for Informal-Sector Workers: Delivery Models, Access, and Welfare

Jacklyn Makaaru Arinaitwe, George Bogere, Anna Fiore, Sylvan Herskowitz, Megan Lang, Francis Mwesigye and Tracy Nalumansi

18909: Employment Protection Reforms: From Firm-Level Effects to Aggregate Outcomes

Pierre Cahuc, Pauline Carry, Franck Malherbet and Pedro Martins

18908: The Benefits of Graduating from the Right University: A Hiring Experiment on the Alma Mater Effect

Victor Debruyne, Louise Devos, Eline Moens and Stijn Baert

18907: How to Increase the Mental Well-Being of Your Employees? An Overview of Research Testing Interventions in the Workplace

Axana Dalle, Eline Moens, Luc Van Ootegem, Elsy Verhofstadt and Stijn Baert

18906: Religion Versus Religiosity: What Matters for Hiring?

Louise Devos, Louis Lippens and Stijn Baert

18905: Kumon Up: Private Tutoring Centers and Student Achievement

Joshua Goodman and Samuel Nitkin

18904: Air Pollution and Learning

A. Patrick Behrer, Joshua Goodman, J. Parker Goyer and R. Jisung Park

18903: A Unified Framework for Transparent Quasi-Experimental Research

Bryan Stuart and Evan Taylor

18902: When Credit Bites: Financing Constraints and the Innovation–Export Link

Emanuele Brancati, Francesco Nucci, Filomena Pietrovito and Alberto Pozzolo

18901: A Competitive World

Thomas Buser, Alexander Cappelen, Uri Gneezy and Bertil Tungodden

18900: Beyond the Facts: Familiarity, Credibility, and Persuasion

Evangelos Dioikitopoulos, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Tommaso Sartori and Yves Zenou

18899: Social Comparison and Young Adult Mental Health with Endogenous Network Formation

Junwei Fan, Santiago Montoya-Blandon and Eugenio Proto

18898: Rust in Motion: The Political Environmental Trap of Vehicle Tax Exemptions

Gabriel Facundes Monteiro and Edson Severnini

18897: Neonatal Health and Long-Term Outcomes: Twin-Based Evidence From Linked Scandinavian Registers

Evelina Björkegren, Bütikofer, Aline, Gabriella Conti, Marten Palme and Kjell G Salvanes

18896: The Disparate Impacts of Academic Probation

Serena Canaan, Stefanie Fischer, Pierre Mouganie and Geoffrey Schnorr

18895: The Allocative Cost of War: A View to a Kill…ing of Productivity

Marvin Amann, Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Oleksandr Talavera

18894: Opening the Black Box of Works Council Elections: Theory and Evidence on the Factors Influencing Voter Turnout

Uwe Jirjahn, Jens Mohrenweiser and Stephen Smith

18893: Shelter from the Storm: A Simulation Framework for Vulnerability under Climate Shocks

Gustavo Canavire Bacarreza, Alejandro Puerta-Cuartas, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan and Carolina Velez-Ospina

18892: When Samples Shape Significance

Sonia Ale, Md Shafiqul Islam, Lester Lusher, Huda Osman and Jacob Stenstrom