IZA Discussion Papers

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18577: Trust and Cooperation in Labor-Management Relations

Rafael Gomez, Alex Bryson and Paul Willman

18576: Outside Income as a Signal: Evidence from Politicians and Voters

Carina Neisser and Wehrhöfer, Nils

18575: Paying Disadvantaged Teenagers to Stay in School

Jack Britton, Nick Ridpath, Carmen Villa and Ben Waltmann

18574: Toward a Bad Job Economy: AI Adoption, Agency Costs, and Job Design

Matthias Fahn, Jin Li and Chang Sun

18573: Testing IV Validity and LATE Interpretation Using Flexible Covariate Specifications

Anna Krumme and Matthias Westphal

18572: Does Training Teachers Locally Affect Teacher Shortages? Evidence from Regional Public Universities

Greg Howard and Russell Weinstein

18571: Up to the Top or Stuck in the Middle: Does Gender Influence How Far Machiavellian Personalities Climb the Corporate Ladder?

Mehrzad B. Baktash and Uwe Jirjahn

18570: Migration Opportunities and Human Capital Investments

Esther Gehrke

18569: Sowing Seeds of Mobility: The Gendered Impact of Land Reform

Ting Chen, Jiajia Gu, L. Rachel Ngai and Jin Wang

18568: Switching Schools: Effects of College Transfers

Lois Miller

18567: A Question of Honor? The Labor Market Advantage of Academic Signaling

Mael Astruc--Le Souder, Olivier Bargain and Gedeao Locks

18566: Outsourcing Policy and Worker Outcomes: Causal Evidence from a Mexican Ban

Alejandro Estefan, Roberto Gerhard, Joseph Kaboski, Illenin Kondo and Wei Qian

18565: Job Transformation, Specialization, and the Labor Market Effects of AI

Lukas Freund and Lukas Mann

18564: Collective Bargaining and Monopsony: The Regulation of Noncompete Agreements in France

Tito Boeri, Tommaso Crescioli, Andrea Garnero and Lorenzo Luisetto

18563: The Matthew Effect in Literary Careers: Does Early Success Foster Future Success?

Silvia Marchesi, Michela Ponzo, Vincenzo Scoppa and Idola Francesca Spano

18562: The Post-Fentanyl Urbanization of the Opioid Epidemic

Alexander Kucera, Adam Scavette and Zachary Porreca

18561: Italian Academics and External Activities: An Ineffective Reform?

Daniele Checchi, Gianni Defraja, Alfredo Marra and Stefano Verzillo

18560: Empirical Challenges in the Capability Approach: Measuring Capability Sets and Unfreedom through Counterfactual Comparisons

Reiko Gotoh and Ryo Kambayashi

18559: Give More, Receive More? Gender and Cooperativeness Among Politicians

Frémeaux, Nicolas and Paul Maarek

18558: Complements or Substitutes? Labor Market Effects of Foreign Inputs in Developing Economies

Leonardo Bonilla, Juan Munoz-Morales and Roman Zarate

18557: Risk Preferences and the Willingness to Relocate to Danger: Evidence from Wartime Ukraine

Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Marianna Kudlyak, Sophia Lobozynska, Iryna Skomorovych, Ulyana Vladychyn, Andriy Kovalyuk and Iryna Snovydovych

18556: Geriatric Emergency Care, Hospitalization, and Mortality Among Older Adults in the United States

Yuting Qian, Cameron Gettel, Jasmine Su, Elyssa Grogan, Inessa Cohen, Craig Rothenberg, Xi Chen and Ula Hwang

18555: Work from Home and Disability Employment

Nicholas Bloom, Gordon Dahl and Dan-Olof Rooth

18554: How Everyday Threats Undermine Trust and Hope: Experimental Evidence

Mael Astruc--Le Souder, Olivier Bargain and Niclas Knecht

18553: Gone with the Wind? Climate Shocks, Insurance Demand and Well-Being

Alpaslan Akay, Olivier Bargain, Beka Lomidze and Peter Martinsson

18552: Parental Leave Policy and Gender Attitudes

Olivier Bargain, Julie Le Vot and Nicolas Herault

18551: Inclusive Growth in South Africa? Inequality Dynamics and the Role of Trade Openness vs Tax Policies

Olivier Bargain, H. Xavier Jara, Prudence Magejo and Miracle Ntuli

18550: Relative Intergenerational Mobility: A Normative Framework and Evidence from Indonesia

Olivier Bargain, Maria Lo Bue and Flaviana Palmisano

18549: Job Loss and Mental Health: The Role of Anticipation and Re-employment in Recovery Patterns

Olivier Bargain, Nicolas Herault and Daniel Nettle

18548: Brain Freeze: How International Student Exclusion Will Shape the STEM Workforce and Economic Growth in the United States

Michael Clemens, Jeremy Neufeld and Amy Nice

18547: Levelling up? The Role of Need and Merit Based University Grants in Non-Selective Higher Education

Daniela Sonedda, Marcello Matranga, Gianluigi Vernasca, Mariacristina Rossi and Francesco Figari

18546: Housing Capital and Intergenerational Mobility in the United States

Ariel Binder, Max Risch and John Voorheis

18545: Strategic Reasoning and Sensitivity to Stakes in the Dictator and Ultimatum Games: LLMs vs. Human Proposers

Solomon Polachek, Kenneth Romano and Ozlem Tonguc

18544: Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Impact of Taxation on Canadian Inter-Provincial Migration

Adam Lavecchia, Robert McKercher and Alisa Tazhitdinova

18543: Echoes of Hyperinflation: The Link Between past Exposure and Formation of Expectations

Yusuf Emre Akgunduz, Seyit Cilasun, Ahmet Deryol and Semih Tumen

18542: The Math-Verbal Divide: Unequal Returns to Cognitive Skills in Education and Work

Judith Delaney and Paul Devereux

18541: Reviewed at Work, Restless at Night? Performance Appraisals and Sleep Satisfaction

Breulet, Anaïs and Christian Grund

18540: AI and Worker Well-Being: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Study

Alex Bryson, Antti Kauhanen and Petri Rouvinen

18539: Restricting Temporary Contracts Increases Firm-Provided Training: Evidence from Spain

Adrjan Pawel, Jonas Jessen and Victoria Lanzón, Carlos

18538: The Well-Being Effects of Digital Mental Health Care

Manuela Angelucci, Raissa Fabregas and Antonia Vazquez

18537: Mitigating the Consequences of Job Loss in Lower-Income Countries: Evidence from Ethiopia

Lukas Hensel, Girum Abebe, Francois Gerard and Stefano Caria

18536: Is It Possible to Raise National Happiness?

Alberto Prati and Claudia Senik

18535: Mind the Confidence Gap: Gender, Domain-Specific Self-Beliefs, and STEM Pathways

Britta Hecker, Nikki Shure and Yükselen Saif, Ipek

18534: Fact-Checking Politicians

Andrea Mattozzi, Samuel Nocito and Francesco Sobbrio

18533: Goodbye, Montesquieu: Executive Spillovers in Judicial Elections

Nicola Fontana, Tommaso Nannicini and James Snyder

18532: Unemployment Narratives

Robert Mahlstedt, Sonja Settele and Johannes Wohlfart

18531: Special Education Substantially Improves Learning: Evidence from Three States

Stephanie Coffey, Joshua Goodman, Amy Schwartz, Leanna Stiefel, Marcus Winters and Yunee Yoon

18530: Do Reforms Aimed at Reducing Time to Graduation Work? Evidence from the Italian Higher Education System

Davide Malacrino, Samuel Nocito and Raffaele Saggio

18529: The Labor Market Returns to Delaying Pregnancy

Yana Gallen, Juanna Joensen, Eva Johansen and Gregory Veramendi

18528: Learning About Police Bias: Prosecutors and Police Before and After Body-Worn Cameras

Emma Harrington and Hannah Shaffer

18527: Pay Incentives to Run for Local Governments

Augusto Cerqua, Samuel Nocito and Gabriele Pinto

18526: Where You Arrive Matters: Local Conditions and Migration Duration. Evidence from Italian Registry Data

Lisa Capretti, Francesca Centofanti, Alessio Farcomeni and Furio Rosati

18525: A Comparative, Multiscalar, and Multidimensional Study of Residential Segregation in Seven European Capital Cities

Petrović, Ana, Maarten van Ham, David Manley and Tiit Tammaru

18524: Shifting the Value of Norms: Fast Internet, Premarital Sex and the Erosion of Female Genital Cutting

Jorge Garcia-Hombrados, Daniel Perez Parra and Riccardo Ciacci

18523: Returns to Education in the United States: A Comparison of OLS and Double Machine Learning Methods

Al Mansor Helal, Ryotaro Hiraki and Harry Patrinos

18522: AI-Enhanced Test Preparation and Student Performance: Evidence from an Introductory Economics Class

Stefani Milovanska-Farrington and Caleb Tomberlin

18521: Mind the Gap: AI Adoption in Europe and the US

Alexander Bick, Adam Blandin, David Deming, Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola and Jonas Jessen

18520: Raising the Floor: Teacher Retention Effects of a Statewide Minimum Salary Increase

Gema Zamarro, Andrew Camp, Josh McGee, Taylor Wilson and Miranda Vernon

18519: Personality and the Dynamics of Marriage: A Structural Interpretation

Fernández, Gastón P. and Mariia Kovaleva

18518: Education as a Shield Against the Adverse Shock of Motherhood: Gender, Parenthood and Overeducation Among Highly and Mid-Educated British Workers

Luis Ortiz-Gervasi, Seamus McGuinness and Benedetta Nussio

18517: Human-AI Evaluation and Gender Transparency: Application Decisions in Competitive Hiring

Bernd Irlenbusch, Holger Rau and Rainer Rilke

18516: Firm-Level Technological Change and Skill Demand

Attila Lindner, Muraközy, Balázs, Reizer, Balázs and Ragnhild Schreiner

18515: Who Adopts AI? Evidence on Firms, Technologies and Workers

Giuseppe Pulito, Mariola Pytlikova, Sarah Schroeder and Magnus Lodefalk

18514: The Finance-Education Nexus: Educational Consequences of US Interstate Bank Branching Deregulation

Xi Yang and Jian Zou

18513: Guidance Over Adoption: Experimental Evidence on AI-Assisted Learning

Sebastian Gallegos

18512: Dirty Air, Dirty Play: The Effect of Air Pollution on Sabotage in Tournaments

Michael Hirsch and Christian Grund

18511: The Geometry of Heterogeneous Extremes: Optimal Transport and Entropic Design

Ioan-Sebastian Buhai

18510: Votes for Work? Job Patronage and Electoral Mobilization in Albania

Luca Uberti, Drini Imami and Mariapia Mendola

18509: Mitigating Mobility Frictions: The Effect of Cash-on-Hand on Labor Mobility

Karim Bekhtiar and Rudolf Winter-Ebmer

18508: Labor Supply when Parents are in Need of Care

Eduardo Lizardi, Elisabeth Fevang, Snorre Kverndokk and Knut Røed

18507: Trade Costs, Entry Costs, and Regional Economic Growth in China

Zeyi Qian, Kensuke Suzuki and Junfu Zhang

18506: The Economic Consequences of Divorce and Separation in Colombia

Guarín, Angela and Andrés Ham

18505: When Teacher Preparation Programs Look Alike: Variability, Accountability, and the Limits of Program Differentiation

Rosario Rivero, Sánchez, Rafael, Edgar Valencia and Maria Eugenia Rojas

18504: What Makes New Work Different from More Work?

David Autor, Caroline Chin, Anna Salomons and Bryan Seegmiller

18503: School Starting Age and the Gender Pay Gap over the Life Cycle

Kamila Cygan-Rehm and Matthias Westphal

18502: Unpacking the Wage Sorting Trend

Jesper Bagger, Malthe Elholm, Jonas Maibom and Rune Vejlin

18501: Peer vs. Network Effects: Microfoundations, Identification, and Beyond

Yves Zenou

18500: Formal and Informal Labor Demand in Egyptian Manufacturing Firms

Amirah El-Haddad, Caroline Krafft, Irene Selwaness and Ragui Assaad

18499: Who Uses Advanced Technologies? Evidence from Manufacturing Firms from 38 Countries in 2025

Joachim Wagner

18498: Cloud Computing and Extensive Margins of Exports: An Update Using Data for 2025

Joachim Wagner

18497: A Note on Churning of Exporters and Dynamics of Exports: Evidence from Panel Data for 69 Countries

Joachim Wagner

18496: Use of Advanced Technologies and Extensive Margins of Exports in Manufacturing Firms from 27 EU Countries in 2025

Joachim Wagner

18495: Causal Effects of Breastfeeding Promotion on Child Health: Understanding the Role of Nutrition

Anne Brenoe, Jenna Stearns and Richard Martin

18494: Long-Term Trends in Racial and Ethnic Reporting and Representation in US Alzheimer's Clinical Trials

Zhuoer Lin, Ruochen Sun, Joseph Ross, Kien Lau, Sophia Stumpf and Xi Chen

18493: The Enclave Penalty: Tribes, Caste, and Electricity Reliability in India

Mehtabul Azam

18492: Shaken, but Not Deterred: Acute Stressors and the Formation of Hope and Aspirations among Tertiary-Educated Youth in Myanmar in the Aftermath of the 2025 Earthquake

Jeffrey Bloem, Yashodhan Ghorpade and Saad Imtiaz

18491: Market Size Disparity Moderates Competitive Balance Interventions in US Sports Leagues

Kyle Davis, Tyler Ransom, Christopher Black and Daniel Larson

18490: Expanding Horizons: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Adolescents' Career Information Acquisition

Sofia Badini, Esther Gehrke, Friederike Lenel and Claudia Schupp

18489: Crisis Narratives and Judicial Enforcement: Evidence from the Greek Fiscal Crisis

Alessandra Forestra, Rigissa Megalokonomou and Michael Vlassopoulos

18488: The Economic Determinants of Old-Age Poverty in South Korea: Evidence from Longitudinal Household Data

Gianna Giannelli and Tamara Hegyi

18487: The H-1B Wage Gap, Visa Fees, and Employer Demand

George Borjas

18486: The Effects of Fiscal News on Household Expectations and Spending: New Causal Evidence

Myungkyu Shim, Kwang Hwan Kim, Myunghwan Lee, Sangyup Choi, Siye Bae, Olivier Coibion and Yuriy Gorodnichenko

18485: Effective Families or Effective Schools? Experimental Evidence on Fostering Children's Numeracy

Samuel Berlinski, Michele Giannola and Alessandro Toppeta

18484: The Gender Wage Gap in Britain: A Meta-Analysis

Patrice Laroche, Alex Bryson, Heather Joshi and David Wilkinson

18483: Offsetting the Earnings Disincentive in Public Housing: Evidence from a Behaviorally Informed Field Intervention

Holly Dykstra and Fernández Guerrico, Sofía

18482: Private Information in the Family

Suzanne Bellue, Matthias Doepke and Tertilt, Michèle

18481: Preparing Kids for Capitalism: The Effect of German Reunification on the Intergenerational Transmission of Preferences

Matthias Doepke and Mariko Klasing

18480: What Explains the Increase in Immigrants' Educational Attainment in the United States?

Eva Dziadula and Madeline Zavodny

18479: Cultivating Change: Long-Term Effects of Repeated Training on Organic Farming Adoption in Indonesia

Nathalie Luck, Michael Grimm and Kristian Tamtomo

18478: The Impact of Brexit on UK Immigration and Labour Supply: Evidence from Synthetic Differences in Differences

Jonathan Portes and John Springford