IZA Discussion Papers

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18767: Has AI Widened Employment Gaps? Tracking Early-Career Employment by Occupational Exposure in Norway

Hernaes, Øystein and Kostøl, Andreas

18766: Competition and Anomalies Redux: Evidence from U.S. Auto Dealers

David Huffman, Lamar Pierce, Alex Rees-Jones and Reyes, Germán

18765: When a Common Shock Hits Differently: Gender, Adolescence, and the COVID-19 Well-Being Gap

Audrey Bousselin and Denisa Sologon

18764: Inequality of Opportunity in Times of Rising Global Inequality: USA vs. Switzerland

Bühler, Jonas, Jonathan Davis, Häner-Müller, Melanie, Bhashkar Mazumder and Christoph Schaltegger

18763: Leaving School Early: A Mediation Analysis Linking Adolescent Mental Health Disorders to Early Adult Outcomes

Anna Adamecz, John Jerrim and Szabó-Morvai, à Gnes

18762: Foreign-Native Wage Differentials and the Role of Visa Regime in Japan: Evidence from the Linked Employer-Employee Data, 2020-2023

Yuki Hashimoto, Ryo Kambayashi, Masao Manjome, Chiaki Moriguchi, Mariko Nakagawa and Yasutaka Saeki

18761: Losses from a Disability: Temporal Variety and Earnings in the Long Run

Daniel Hamermesh

18760: The Intergenerational Correlation of Subjective Well-Being

Andrew Clark and Anthony Lepinteur

18759: Causal Inference for Social Network Formation

Maximilian Kasy, Elizabeth Linos and Sanaz Mobasseri

18758: Literature Review and Evidence Aggregation: A Toolkit for Applied Micro

Peter Ganong, Avik Garg and Maximilian Kasy

18757: Youth Well-Being in Twenty Countries from Both CATI and CAWI Surveys

David Blanchflower

18756: A Missed Opportunity? Labor Demand and Workforce Diversity

Anna Bindler, Barbara Boelmann, Lena Janys and Luisa Santiago-Wolf

18755: Post-Great Recession Labor Market Dynamics in Spain: A Comparison of Alternative Datasets

Juan Dolado, Luis Puch and Felix Wellschmied

18754: Employment Stability, Earnings Dynamics, and Life-Cycle Savings

Moritz Kuhn, Leanne Nam and Gasper Ploj

18753: Delimitation after 2026: Demographic Performance, Federal Balance and Women’s Representation in India

Santosh Mehrotra

18752: Human Capital in the Heartland: Evidence on Brain Drain

John Winters

18751: Becoming The Man Without Qualities? Deskilling in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Michele Cantarella, Giuseppe Molinari and Chiara Strozzi

18750: Re-Examining the Property Price Premium Around ‘Better’ Schools

Ellen Greaves and Alberto Venturin

18749: Integrated Labour Markets, Fragmented Welfare Systems: Cross-Border Work and the Measurement of Disposable Income

Michael Christl, Denisa Sologon, Ana Montes-Vinas and Raymond Wagener

18748: The Causal Effect of BMI on Hypertension: A Copula Model Approach with Genetic Risk Instruments

Robinson Dettoni, Böckerman, Petri, Cliff Bahamondes, Jose Vasquez, Yévenes, Carlos, Olli Raitakari, Jutta Viinikainen, Lehtimäki, Terho and Jaakko Pehkonen

18747: The Structural Design of Tobacco Control and the Shadow Economy: Revenue Integrity and Illicit Tobacco Trade in Selected ASEAN Countries

Friedrich Schneider and Alban Asllani

18746: Temperature and Firms’ Performance: Outcomes, Mechanisms, and Coping Strategies

Vladimir Otrachshenko and Vasil’, Roman

18745: Platform-Controlled Search and Distortions in Attention Allocation

Xiaoming Cai, Pieter Gautier and Ronald Wolthoff

18744: Childhood Misbehavior, Toxic Personality and Leadership

Thomas Buser

18743: Disaggregating Imputed Poverty Estimates by Population Groups: New Evidence from a Multi-Country Analysis

Hai-Anh Dang, Talip Kilic and Kseniya Abanokova

18742: Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration: Risk Factors and Consequences

Arizo Karimi, Susan Niknami, Petra Ornstein, Anna Sandberg and Mühlrad, Hanna

18741: Misleading Estimates from Nonlinear Models with a Binary Outcome

Brian Curran, Bruce Meyer and Derek Wu

18740: AI and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from China

Tony Fang, Carl Lin and Qing Liu

18739: Welfare Reform: Consequences for the Children

Marianne Simonsen, Lars Skipper and Jeffrey Smith

18738: The Effect of Non-Parental Childcare on Parental Employment, Care Time and Quality: Time Diary Evidence from Korea, the UK, and Denmark

Nabanita Datta Gupta, Kristian Hedeager, Youngsook Kim and Leslie Stratton

18737: Can Maternal Education Improve Children’s Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Outcomes? Evidence from the 2003 Education Reform in Kenya

Sana Khan, Gianna Giannelli and Lucia Ferrone

18736: The Short- and Long-Run Effects of Railroads on Mexico-US Migration

David Escamilla-Guerrero and Giovanni Peri

18735: Intergenerational Effects of Turkiye's Education Reform on Children's Academic and Health Outcomes

Betul Akar and Cagla Okten

18734: Housing Policy and Fertility Behavior in Egypt: Evidence from the 1996 Rental Liberalization

Cecilia D'Agostini, Lucia Ferrone and Gianna Giannelli

18733: Formal Labor Market Dynamics and Development

Anne Brockmeyer, Francois Gerard, Gabriel Ulyssea, Linda Wu, Marcelo Bergolo, Rodrigo Ceni Gonzalez, Benard Kirui, Andrea Lopez-Luzuriaga, Leonardo Morales, Otero-Cortés, Andrea, Nadine Riedel, Tapia, Matías, Tanisa Tawichsri and Verena Wiedemann

18732: China’s One-Child Exemptions and the Spousal Age Gap

Jiani Gao, Min Park and Solomon Polachek

18731: Cash Transfers, Diet Quality, and Child Growth Among Refugee Children: Evidence from Turkey’s ESSN Program

Murat Demirci, Andrew Foster and Murat Kirdar

18730: Imperfect Self-knowledge about Skills and Skill Mismatch

Daniel Goller, Enzo Brox and Stefan Wolter

18729: Adult Education and Political Participation: Evidence from East German Volkshochschulen

Li Kathrin Kaja Rupieper and Stephan Thomsen

18728: Immigrant-Native Wage Gaps over Two Generations: Does the Field of Study Matter?

Kevin Pineda-Hernandez, Rycx, François, Thomas Senterre and Melanie Volral

18727: Are Senior Workers Overpriced? Evidence from an Age-Differentiated Payroll Tax in Norway

Steinar Holden, Simen Markussen and Røed, Knut

18726: Backward Spillovers and Equalized Access: The Effects of the Bologna Process across the Education System

Lorenzo Cappellari and Marco Morelli

18725: Birthplace Urbanicity and Lifetime Labor-Market Outcomes: Evidence from Forced Migration Due to World War II

Möller, Joachim

18724: Gambling with State Budgets: Legalized Sports Betting and Lost Lottery Revenue

Kyle Coombs, Greg Madonia, Peter Nencka and Austin Smith

18723: Generative AI and the Redefinition of Entry-Level Software Work

Samuel Westby, Alicia Modestino and Peiran Cheng

18722: Impact of Legalization of Recreational Marijuana on Drug Law Violations: Evidence from US Colleges and Universities

Angela Dills and Manu Raghav

18721: Too Competitive to Care? The Overall Explanatory Power of Personality for Occupational Gender Segregation

Thomas Buser

18720: Blindly Discriminating: The GI Bill and Racial Inequality

Lukas Althoff and Christiane Szerman

18719: Long-Term and Multi-Generational Impacts of Skilled Birth Attendance

Meiping Sun and Yiying Yang

18718: Predicting Labor Force Types

Rui Castro, Jiyoung Kim, Fabian Lange, Larivière, Jérôme and Markus Poschke

18717: Conditional Cash Transfers on the Labor Market: Evidence from Young French Jobseekers

Vera Chiodi, Crépon, Bruno and Anett John

18716: Norms, Beliefs, and Networks: Descriptive Findings on Women’s Political Participation in Pakistan

Saad Gulzar, Muhammad Khan and Luke Sonnet

18715: Context and the Perception of Harm: Evidence from Online and In-Person Sexual Harassment

Alessandra Foresta, Valentina Tonei and Martina Vecchi

18714: Cooperation within EDI-oriented Institutional Framing

Sophie Clot, Marina Della Giusta, Florent Dubois and Giovanni Razzu

18713: From Training to Self-Employment: Evidence from Youth Agricultural Programmes in Cameroon and Madagascar

Emanuele Zucchini, Sadania, Clémentine, Susan Steiner, Alessandro Rossi, Athur Mabiso, Robinson Toguem and Andrea Mastroeni

18712: Income vs. Asset Tests in the Safety Net: Impacts on Access, Targeting, and Costs in SNAP

Jeehoon Han and Derek Wu

18711: Where to Build Affordable Housing? Evaluating the Tradeoffs of Location

Cody Cook, Pearl Li and Ariel Binder

18710: Understanding Occupational Wage Growth

Adrian Adermon, Simon Ek, Georg Graetz and Yaroslav Yakymovych

18709: Reconfiguring India’s Qualifications Architecture: TVET Reform from the National Skills Qualification Framework to the National Credit Framework

Santosh Mehrotra and Ashutosh Singh

18708: Policy or Pandemic? Explaining the Rise in Young Adults’ Private Health Insurance Take-Up in Australia

Nathan Kettlewell and Tiannan Gao

18707: Trends in Labor Force Participation and Unemployment, 1976-2024

Andreas Hornstein and Marianna Kudlyak

18706: Dissecting the Gender Gap in Intergenerational Transfers: The Case of Germany

Karan Singhal, Markus Grabka and Eva Sierminska

18705: Returns to Tenure: A Critical Assessment of the Evidence and Interpretation

Nikolaos Theodoropoulos and Carl Singleton

18704: Risk Perceptions and Protective Behaviors at the Onset and Outset of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Joan Costa-Font, Melcior Roig-Roselloa, Caroline Rudisill and Luca Salmasi

18703: Beefing Up the Service Sector: Commodity Export Booms and Production Network Spillovers

Francesco Amodio, Giorgio Chiovelli and Serafin Frache

18702: Climate Change in the Classroom

Stefano Carattini, Pamela Giustinelli and Marcella Veronesi

18701: Characterizing the File Drawer: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Parent-Interventions Around the World

Peter Bergman and Nat Chowanajin

18700: Persistent Energy Poverty and the Limits of Institutional Support: Evidence from the Spanish Bono Social

Alejandro Betancourt, Romero, José C. and Budría, Santiago

18699: De-biasing or Backlash? Confronting Prejudice Among Police Officers in India

Sofia Amaral, Kim Chaney, Victoria Kaiser, Nishith Prakash and Abhilasha Sahay

18698: The Economic Impact of the USAID Shutdown

Marcella Nicolini and Fabio Sabatini

18697: Indoor Environment, Student Satisfaction and Performance in Higher Education

Stefan Flagner, Piet Eichholtz, Nils Kok, Rick Kramer, Künn, Steffen, Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt, Guy Plasqui and Xudong Sun

18696: Caring Dads? Universal Childcare, Paternity Leave, and Fathers’ Labor Supply

Mathias Huebener, Malin Mahlbacher and Sophia Schmitz

18695: A Remedy to the Demand for Bad Policy

Riccardo Ghidoni, Giovanni Immordino and Paolo Roberti

18694: Do People Support Information Campaigns about Inequality?

Sebastian Blesse, Philipp Lergetporer, Clara-Marie Pache and Helen Zeidler

18693: The Fragility of the Global Trading System

Stephan Maurer, Luke Milsom and Ferdinand Rauch

18692: Explaining Divergence in Ocean Freight Rates and Passenger Fares, 1863-1913

Timothy Hatton

18691: Social Connections and the Persistence of Income Across Generations

Laliberté, Jean-William and Alexander Whalley

18690: Employment Harm from Disclosure of Investigations of Workplace Misconduct and Sexual Harassment

Joni Hersch and W Kip Viscusi

18689: Minority Bureaucrats’ Networks and Career Progression: Evidence from the Chinese Maritime Customs Service

Yan Hu and Stephan Maurer

18688: Sectoral Divergence in Indian Manufacturing: Organised Sector Growth and Unorganised Decline

Santosh Mehrotra and Dr Renu Chauhan

18687: Striking a Balance: Enforcement of Job Security Laws and Firm Performance India’s Manufacturing

Irfan Sofi and Santosh Mehrotra

18686: Brain Drain, Education Subsidy and the Bhagwati Tax

Maurice Schiff

18685: Forced Displacement and Social Capital in the Long Run: Lessons from the Indian Partition

Prasad Bhattacharya and Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay

18684: A Practical Guide to Instrumental Variables Methods with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

Tymon Słoczyński, Liyang Sun and S. Uysal

18683: Persistent Effects of Early Academic Rank on Cognitive and Noncognitive Outcomes

Eunsik Chang, Padilla-Romo, María and Cecilia Peluffo

18682: From Custody to Community: Post-Release Supervision and Re-Offending

Markus Gehrsitz, Sam Grant and Stuart McIntyre

18681: Intergenerational Transmission of Victimization

Sonia Bhalotra, N. Meltem Daysal, Jensen, Mathias Fjællegaard, Jørgensen, Thomas and Sebastien Montpetit

18680: Do Publication Metrics Distort Research Effort? Bunching Evidence from Thailand’s 2019 Higher-Education Reforms

Nattavudh Powdthavee

18679: The Short and Long Run Dynamics of the Great Gatsby Curve

Diego Battiston, Stephan Maurer, Andrei Potlogea and Rodríguez Mora, José

18678: Algorithm Aversion in Prosocial Tasks: Evidence from AI-Based Performance Evaluation

Martin Abel, Raghad Dawi, Tyler Lenk and Aidan Singer

18677: Science on the Move: How Experiential Pedagogy Shapes Human Capital

Nitin Bharti, Samreen Malik, Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay and Nishith Prakash

18676: Class Peers as Competitors and Educators: The Consequences of Rank-Based Academic Rewards

Mark Rosenzweig and Bing Xu

18675: The Gender Gap in Digital Skills at Work

Adele Whelan, Luke Brosnan and Seamus McGuinness

18674: Labor-Market Consequences of Cross-Border Employment: A Machine Learning Approach

Andrea Albanese and David Marguerit

18673: Different Market, Same Treatment? A Global Comparison of Hiring and Housing Discrimination

Louise Devos, Louis Lippens, Stijn Baert and Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe

18672: A New Global Subnational Poverty and Inequality Database Based on Harmonized Household Surveys

Hai-Anh Dang, Minh Nguyen, Ben Brunckhorst and Judy Yang

18671: Equipment, Structures, and the Limits of Investment-Specific Technological Change

Dongkeun Choi and Munseob Lee

18670: Cash Transfers and Employment among Syrian Refugees: Evidence from Rule-Based Eligibility in Türkiye

Freeha Fatima, Efsan Ozen and Dhushyanth Raju

18669: The COVID-19 Pandemic and International Supply Chains

Eva Kleifgen, Duncan Roth and Ignat Stepanok

18668: Keeping Up at the Planet’s Expense: Longitudinal Evidence on Relative Concerns and Environmental Attitudes

Alpaslan Akay and Nur Kartal