IZA Discussion Papers

From Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
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13823: Political Polarization and Expected Economic Outcomes

Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Michael Weber

13822: The Effect of Course Shutouts on Community College Students: Evidence from Waitlist Cutoffs

Silvia Robles, Max Gross and Robert Fairlie

13821: Reverse Bayesianism: Revising Beliefs in Light of Unforeseen Events

Christoph K. Becker, Tigran Melkonyan, Eugenio Proto, Andis Sofianos and Stefan Trautmann

13820: COVID-19 and Educational Inequality: How School Closures Affect Low- and High-Achieving Students

Elisabeth Grewenig, Philipp Lergetporer, Katharina Werner, Ludger Woessmann and Larissa Zierow

13819: Learning at Home: Distance Learning Solutions and Child Development during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Hugues Champeaux, Lucia Mangiavacchi, Francesca Marchetta and Luca Piccoli

13818: Employment Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit: Taking the Long View

Diane Schanzenbach and Michael Strain

13817: Career and Technical Education in High School and Postsecondary Career Pathways in Washington State

James Cowan, Dan Goldhaber, Harry Holzer, Natsumi Naito and Zeyu Xu

13816: Inequality and Support for Government Responses to COVID-19

Hai-Anh Dang, Edmund Malesky and Cuong Nguyen

13815: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Gendered Division of Paid and Unpaid Work: Evidence from India

Ashwini Deshpande

13814: Female Labor Force Participation in Five Selected Mena Countries: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Tunisia)

Moundir Lassassi and Aysıt Tansel

13813: Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: It Is Not Who You Teach, but How You Teach

George Orlov, Douglas McKee, James Berry, Austin Boyle, Thomas J. DiCiccio, Tyler Ransom, Alex Rees-Jones and Jörg Stoye

13812: Inequality, Institutions and Cooperation

Thomas Markussen, Smriti Sharma, Saurabh Singhal and Finn Tarp

13811: Who Married, (to) Whom, and Where? Trends in Marriage in the United States, 1850-1940

Claudia Olivetti, M. Daniele Paserman, Laura Salisbury and Anna Weber

13810: Bargaining under Threats: The Effect of Joint Custody Laws on Intimate Partner Violence

Daniel Fernández-Kranz, Natalia Nollenberger and Jennifer Roff

13809: Whoever You Want Me to Be: Personality and Incentives

Andrew McGee and Peter McGee

13808: Has the Paycheck Protection Program Succeeded?

Glenn Hubbard and Michael Strain

13807: Higher Education Financing and the Educational Aspirations of Teenagers and their Parents

Dan Anderberg, Arnaud Chevalier, Lena Hassani Nezhad, Melanie Lührmann and Ronni Pavan

13806: Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Stephan Thomsen and Johannes Trunzer

13805: National or Local? The Demand for News in Italy during COVID-19

Stefano Castriota, Marco Delmastro and Mirco Tonin

13804: Human Capital Development: New Evidence on the Production of Socio-Emotional Skills

Mark Mitchell, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter and Alan Sanchez

13803: Diagnostic Tests for Homoskedasticity in Spatial Cross-Sectional or Panel Models

Badi Baltagi, Alain Pirotte and Zhenlin Yang

13802: Employment Opportunities and High School Completion during the COVID-19 Recession

Kunwon Ahn, Jun Yeong Lee and John Winters

13801: How Does the COVID-19 Crisis Affect Labor Demand? An Analysis Using Job Board Data From Austria

Omar Bamieh and Lennart Ziegler

13800: Re-Examining Supplier-Induced Demand in Health Care: Comparisons among Patients Affiliated and Not Affiliated with Healthcare Professionals in China

Yafei Si, Zhongliang Zhou, Min Su, Han Hu, Zesen Yang and Xi Chen

13799: Robots and Worker Voice: An Empirical Exploration

Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdín and Fabio Landini

13798: To Buy or Not to Buy? Price Salience in an Online Shopping Field Experiment

Markus Dertwinkel-Kalt, Mats Köster and Matthias Sutter

13797: Economics and Epidemics: Evidence from an Estimated Spatial Econ-SIR Model

Mark Bognanni, Douglas Hanley, Daniel Kolliner and Kurt Mitman

13796: School Selectivity, Peers, and Mental Health

Aline Bütikofer, Rita Ginja, Fanny Landaud and Katrine Løken

13795: Expressway to Power: Infrastructure Projects and Political Support

Mevlude Akbulut-Yuksel, Dozie Okoye and Belgi Turan

13794: Judge Bias in Labor Courts and Firm Performance

Pierre Cahuc, Stéphane Carcillo, Bérengère Patault and Flavien Moreau

13793: Search Costs and the Determinants of Job Search

Emily Beam

13792: Working Less to Take Care of Parents? Labor Market Effects of Family Long-Term Care in Four Latin American Countries

Marco Stampini, María Laura Oliveri, Pablo Ibarrarán, Diana Londoño, Rhee, Ho June (Sean) and Gillinda M. James

13791: School Schedule and the Gender Pay Gap

Emma Duchini and Clementine van Effenterre

13790: School Re-Openings after Summer Breaks in Germany Did Not Increase SARS-CoV-2 Cases

Ingo Isphording, Marc Lipfert and Nico Pestel

13789: Assessing Selection Bias in Non-Experimental Estimates of the Returns to Workplace Training

Jan Sauermann and Anders Stenberg

13788: Historical Data: Where to Find Them, How to Use Them

Paola Giuliano and Andrea Matranga

13787: The Performance of Consumers' Cooperatives in America

John H. Pencavel

13786: Tax-Benefit Systems and the Gender Gap in Income

Karina Doorley and Claire Keane

13785: How to Remove the Testing Bias in CoV-2 Statistics

Klaus Wälde

13784: Crimes against Morality: Unintended Consequences of Criminalizing Sex Work

Lisa Cameron, Jennifer Seager and Manisha Shah

13783: Cultural Identity and Social Capital in Italy

Daniel Sgroi, Michela Redoano, Federica Liberini, Ben Lockwood, Emanuele Bracco and Francesco Porcelli

13782: The Effects of International Scrutiny on Manufacturing Workers: Evidence from the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh

Laurent Bossavie, Yoon Y. Cho and Rachel Heath

13781: Grandparents, Moms, or Dads? Why Children of Teen Mothers Do Worse in Life

Anna Aizer, Paul Devereux and Kjell G Salvanes

13780: The Nurture of Nature and the Nature of Nurture: How Genes and Investments Interact in the Formation of Skills

Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Victor Ronda and Michael Rosholm

13779: Fired and Pregnant: Gender Differences in Job Flexibility Outcomes after Job Loss

Jordy Meekes and Wolter Hassink

13778: Determinants of the Community Mobility during the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Role of Government Regulations and Information

Silvia Mendolia, Olena Stavrunova and Oleg Yerokhin

13777: The Effect of Antimalarial Campaigns on Child Mortality and Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa

Joshua Wilde, Bénédicte Apouey, Joseph Coleman and Gabriel Picone

13776: COVID-19 and the Future of US Fertility: What Can We Learn from Google?

Joshua Wilde, Wei Chen and Sophie Lohmann

13775: Dancing with the Populist: New Parties, Electoral Rules and Italian Municipal Elections

Massimo Bordignon and Tommaso Colussi

13774: Health of Elderly Parents, Their Children's Labor Supply, and the Role of Migrant Care Workers

Wolfgang Frimmel, Martin Halla, Jörg Paetzold and Julia Schmieder

13773: Why Are Africa's Female Entrepreneurs Not Playing the Export Game? Evidence from Ghana

Charles G. Ackah, Holger Görg, Aoife Hanley and Cecília Hornok

13772: Long-Term Effects of Individual Placement and Support Services for Disability Benefits Recipients with Severe Mental Illnesses

Marloes De Graaf-Zijl, Marcel Spijkerman and Wim Zwinkels

13771: An Intensive, School-Based Learning Camp Targeting Academic and Non-Cognitive Skills Evaluated in a Randomized Trial

Charlotte Hvidman, Alexander Koch, Julia Nafziger, Søren Albeck Nielsen and Michael Rosholm

13770: The Effect of Grade Retention on Adult Crime: Evidence from a Test-Based Promotion Policy

Ozkan Eren, Michael Lovenheim and Naci Mocan

13769: Can Superstition Create a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy? School Outcomes of Dragon Children of China

Naci Mocan and Han Yu

13768: The Gender Gap in Aversion to COVID-19 Exposure: Evidence from Professional Tennis

Zuzanna Kowalik and Piotr Lewandowski

13767: Transfer Payment Systems and Financial Distress: Insights from Health Insurance Premium Subsidies

Christian Schmid, Nicolas Schreiner and Alois Stutzer

13766: Does the Wealth Tax Kill Jobs?

Marie Bjørneby, Simen Markussen and Knut Røed

13765: From Parent to Child? The Long-Lasting Effects of Social Support

Ambra Poggi and Guyonne Kalb

13764: The Transition to Self-Employment and Perceived Skill-Mismatches: Panel Data Evidence from Eleven EU Countries

Judit Sanchez, Luis Diaz-Serrano and Mercedes Teruel

13763: A Subscription vs. Appropriation Framework for Natural Resource Conflicts

Dripto Bakshi and Indraneel Dasgupta

13762: Work, Care and Gender during the COVID-19 Crisis

Claudia Hupkau and Barbara Petrongolo

13761: An Adverse Social Welfare Effect of Quadruply Gainful Trade

Oded Stark and Grzegorz Kosiorowski

13760: The Crisis and Job Guarantees in Urban India

Swati Dhingra and Stephen Machin

13759: Children and the Remaining Gender Gaps in the Labor Market

Patricia Cortes and Jessica Pan

13758: Discontinuous System of Allowances: The Response of Prosocial Health-Care Professionals

Helena Hernandez-Pizarro, Catia Nicodemo and Guillem López Casasnovas

13757: Measuring Geographical Disparities in England at the Time of COVID-19: Results Using a Composite Indicator of Population Vulnerability

Catia Nicodemo, Samira Barzin, Daniel S. Lasserson, Francesco Moscone, Stuart Redding, Mujaheed Shaikh and Nicolò Cavalli

13756: Work Disability after Motherhood and How Paternity Leave Can Help

Sébastien Fontenay and Ilan Tojerow

13755: An Introduction to the Economics of Immigration in OECD Countries

Anthony Edo, Lionel Ragot, Hillel Rapoport, Sulin Sardoschau, Andreas Steinmayr and Arthur Sweetman

13754: Flexible Wages, Bargaining, and the Gender Gap

Barbara Biasi and Heather Sarsons

13753: Framing the Predicted Impacts of COVID-19 Prophylactic Measures in Terms of Lives Saved Rather Than Deaths Is More Effective for Older People

Pietro Biroli, Steven Bosworth, Marina Della Giusta, Amalia Di Girolamo, Sylvia Jaworska and Jeremy Vollen

13752: Parental Unemployment, Social Insurance and Child Well-Being across Countries

Kerstin F. Hansen and Alois Stutzer

13751: Long-Term Effects of School-Starting-Age Rules

Hessel Oosterbeek, Simon ter Meulen and Bas van der Klaauw

13750: Ethnic Employment Gaps of Graduates in the Netherlands

Paul Bisschop, Bas ter Weel and Jelle Zwetsloot

13749: Act Early to Prevent Infections and Save Lives: Causal Impact of Diagnostic Efficiency on the COVID-19 Pandemic

Simiao Chen, Zhangfeng Jin and David E. Bloom

13748: U.S. Immigration Policy and Immigrant Fertility

Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes and Esther Arenas-Arroyo

13747: Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?

Erling Barth, Alex Bryson and Harald Dale-Olsen

13746: Committee Decision-Making under the Threat of Leaks

Sebastian Fehrler and Volker Hahn

13745: Predictors of Social Distancing and Mask-Wearing Behavior: Panel Survey in Seven U.S. States

Plamen Nikolov, Andreas Pape, Ozlem Tonguc and Charlotte Williams

13744: Maternal Stress and Offspring Lifelong Labor Market Outcomes

Vincenzo Atella, Edoardo Di Porto, Joanna Kopinska and Maarten Lindeboom

13743: Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees

Dany Bahar, Ana Ibáñez and Sandra Rozo

13742: Lives Saved during Economic Downturns: Evidence from Australia

Kadir Atalay, Rebecca Edwards, Stefanie Schurer and David Ubilava

13741: Strength in Numbers: A Field Experiment in Gender, Influence, and Group Dynamics

Olga Stoddard, Christopher F. Karpowitz and Jessica Preece

13740: The Role of Unemployment and Job Change When Estimating the Returns to Migration

Julian Emmler and Bernd Fitzenberger

13739: Happier with Vocational Education?

Giorgio Brunello

13738: Financial Distress and the Role of Management in Micro and Small-Sized Firms

Fernando Alexandre, Sara Cruz and Miguel Portela

13737: Working from Home in Developing Countries

Charles Gottlieb, Jan Grobovsek, Markus Poschke and Fernando Saltiel

13736: Borderline Disorder: (De Facto) Historical Ethnic Borders and Contemporary Conflict in Africa

Emilio Depetris-Chauvin and Ömer Özak

13735: Expanding the Measurement of Culture with a Sample of Two Billion Humans

Nick Obradovich, Ömer Özak, Ignacio Martín, Edmond Awad, Manuel Cebrián, Rubén Cuevas, Klaus Desmet, Iyad Rahwan and Ángel Cuevas

13734: STEM Occupations and the Gender Gap: What Can We Learn from Job Tasks?

Jamin D. Speer

13733: Do Recruiters Select Workers with Different Personality Traits for Different Tasks? A Discrete Choice Experiment

Caroline Wehner, Andries de Grip and Harald Pfeifer

13732: Nudging Demand for Academic Support Services: Experimental and Structural Evidence from Higher Education

Todd Pugatch and Nicholas Wilson

13731: Importing Inequality: Immigration and the Top 1 Percent

Arun Advani, Felix Koenig, Lorenzo Pessina and Andy Summers

13730: International Student Enrollments and Selectivity: Evidence from the Optional Practical Training Program

Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Kevin Y. Shih and Huanan Xu

13729: The Expected (Signaling) Value of Higher Education

Laura Ehrmantraut, Pia Pinger and Renske Stans

13728: English Skills and Early Labour Market Integration of Humanitarian Migrants

Zhiming Cheng, Ben Zhe Wang, Zhou Jiang, Lucy Taksa and Max Tani

13727: Happy Pills? Mental Health Effects of the Dramatic Increase of Antidepressant Use

Giuliano Masiero and Sandro Steinbach

13726: Returns to Education in the Russian Federation: Some New Estimates

Ekaterina Melianova, Suhas Parandekar, Harry Patrinos and Artëm Volgin

13725: Are Older People Aware of Their Cognitive Decline? Misperception and Financial Decision Making

Fabrizio Mazzonna and Franco Peracchi

13724: The Effect of Community Size on Electoral Preferences: Evidence From Post-WWII Southern Germany

Luciana Fiorini, Michael Jetter, Christopher Parmeter and Christopher Parsons