IMF Working Papers
From International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA. Contact information at EDIRC. Bibliographic data for series maintained by Akshay Modi (). Access Statistics for this working paper series.
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- 2023/137: A Note of Caution on the Relation Between Money Growth and Inflation

- Helge Berger, Sune Karlsson and Pär Österholm
- 2023/136: Migration, Search and Skill Heterogeneity

- Myrto Oikonomou
- 2023/135: An Estimated DSGE Model for Integrated Policy Analysis

- Kaili Chen, Marcin Kolasa, Jesper Lindé, Hou Wang, Pawel Zabczyk and Jianping Zhou
- 2023/134: Rising Child Poverty in Europe: Mitigating the Scarring from the COVID-19 Pandemic

- Jean-Jacques Hallaert, Iglika Vassileva and Tingyun Chen
- 2023/133: Do Sovereign Wealth Funds Reduce Fiscal Policy Pro-cyclicality? New Evidence Using a Non-Parametric Approach

- Ali Al-Sadiq and Diego Alejandro Gutiérrez
- 2023/132: Foreign Currency Balance Sheets in Türkiye: Exposure and Interconnectedness

- Alex Pienkowski
- 2023/131: Euro Area Inflation after the Pandemic and Energy Shock: Import Prices, Profits and Wages

- Niels-Jakob Hansen, Frederik Toscani and Jing Zhou
- 2023/130: Sub-Saharan Africa’s Risk Perception Premium: In the Search of Missing Factors

- William Gbohoui, Rasmané Ouedraogo and Yirbehogre Modeste Some
- 2023/129: External Shocks, Policies, and Tail-Shifts in Real Exchange Rates

- Nicolas Magud and Samuel Pienknagura
- 2023/128: The IMF-World Bank Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT): A Model to Help Countries Mitigate Climate Change

- Simon Black, Ian Parry, Victor Mylonas, Nate Vernon-Lin and Karlygash Zhunussova
- 2023/127: Central Bank Digital Currency Adoption: A Two-Sided Model

- Brandon Tan
- 2023/126: Firm Leverage and Boom-Bust Cycles

- Can Sever
- 2023/125: The Rise of the Walking Dead: Zombie Firms Around the World

- Bruno Albuquerque and Roshan Iyer
- 2023/124: Trading with Friends in Uncertain Times

- Adam Jakubik and Michele Ruta
- 2023/123: Some Lessons from Asian E-Money Schemes for the Adoption of Central Bank Digital Currency

- Tao Sun and Ryan Rizaldy
- 2023/122: Digitalization and Gender Equality in Political Leadership in Sub-Saharan Africa

- Diego Gomes and Carine Meyimdjui
- 2023/121: Bank Competition and Household Privacy in a Digital Payment Monopoly

- Itai Agur, Anil Ari and Giovanni Dell'ariccia
- 2023/120: Restructuring Reforms for Green Growth

- Serhan Cevik and Joao Jalles
- 2023/119: Macroprudential Policy and Bank Systemic Risk: Does Inflation Targeting Matter?

- Mohamed Belkhir, Sami Ben Naceur, Bertrand Candelon, Woon Gyu Choi and Farah Mugrabi
- 2023/118: The Distributional and Fiscal Implications of Public Utility Pricing

- David Coady, Samir Jahan, Fabiana Machado and Mengfei Gu
- 2023/117: Fiscal Anatomy of Two Crises and an Interlude

- Xuehui Han, Paolo Mauro and John Ralyea
- 2023/116: Cars and the Green Transition: Challenges and Opportunities for European Workers

- Oya Celasun, Galen Sher, Petia Topalova and Jing Zhou
- 2023/115: Quasi-Fiscal Implications of Central Bank Crisis Interventions: Case Studies

- John Hooley, Claney Lattie and Peter Stella
- 2023/114: Quasi-Fiscal Implications of Central Bank Crisis Interventions

- John Hooley, Ashraf Khan, Claney Lattie, Istvan Mak, Natalia Salazar, Amanda Sayegh and Peter Stella
- 2023/113: Measuring Multinational Production with Foreign Direct Investment Statistics: Recent Trends, Challenges, and Developments

- Bruno Casella, Maria Borga and Konstantin Wacker
- 2023/112: Will Working from Home Stick in Developing Economies?

- Marina Conesa Martinez, Futoshi Narita and Chris Papageorgiou
- 2023/111: Dollar Exchange Rate volatility and Productivity Growth in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Firm Level Data

- Kodjovi Eklou
- 2023/110: Financial Heterogeneity, Investment, and Firm Interactions

- Yang Liu
- 2023/109: The Anatomy of the Financial Inclusion Gap in the Caucasus and Central Asia

- Tigran Poghosyan
- 2023/108: Climate Mitigation Policy in Türkiye

- Ian Parry, Danielle Minnett and Karlygash Zhunussova
- 2023/107: Spillovers to Emerging Markets from US Economic News and Monetary Policy

- Philipp Engler, Roberto Piazza and Galen Sher
- 2023/106: Measuring the Stances of Monetary and Fiscal Policy

- Francis Vitek
- 2023/105: Too Low for Too Long: Could Extended Periods of Ultra Easy Monetary Policy Have Harmful Effects?

- Etibar Jafarov and Enrico Minnella
- 2023/104: Nigeria’s eNaira, One Year After

- Jookyung Ree
- 2023/103: The Extent and Composition of Automatic Stabilization in EU Countries

- David Coady, Silvia De Poli, Adrián Hernández, Andrea Papini and Alberto Tumino
- 2023/102: How We Missed the Inflation Surge: An Anatomy of Post-2020 Inflation Forecast Errors

- Christoffer Koch and Diaa Noureldin
- 2023/101: Benchmarking Infrastructure Using Public Investment Efficiency Frontiers

- Javier Kapsoli, Tewodaj Mogues and Genevieve Verdier
- 2023/100: Has the Phillips Curve Become Steeper?

- Anil Ari, Daniel Garcia-Macia and Shruti Mishra
- 2023/099: Retaliation through Temporary Trade Barriers

- Davide Furceri, Jonathan Ostry, Chris Papageorgiou and Pauline Wibaux
- 2023/098: It’s Never Different: Fiscal Policy Shocks and Inflation

- Serhan Cevik and Fedor Miryugin
- 2023/097: Economic Consequences of Large Extraction Declines: Lessons for the Green Transition

- Rudolfs Bems, Lukas Boehnert, Andrea Pescatori and Martin Stuermer
- 2023/096: ECB Euro Liquidity Lines

- Silvia Albrizio, Iván Kataryniuk, Luis Molina Sánchez and Jan Schäfer
- 2023/095: Firm-level Digitalization and Resilience to Shocks: Role of Fiscal Policy

- Manabu Nose and Jiro Honda
- 2023/094: Remittances and Social Safety Nets During COVID-19: Evidence From Georgia and the Kyrgyz Republic

- Nordine Abidi, Mehdi Akhbari, Bashar Hlayhel and Sahra Sakha
- 2023/093: The Effects of Inflation on Public Finances

- Daniel Garcia-Macia
- 2023/092: The Right Tool for the Job? Mortgage Distress and Personal Insolvency during the European Debt Crisis

- Wolfgang Bergthaler, Jose Garrido and Anjum Rosha
- 2023/091: Who are Central Banks? Gender, Human Resources, and Central Banking

- Mariarosaria Comunale, Petra de Bruxelles, Kalpana Kochhar, Juliette Raskauskas and Filiz Unsal
- 2023/090: Mining Revenues and Inclusive Development in Guinea

- Alejandro Badel and Rachel Fredman Lyngaas
- 2023/089: Revisiting the Countercyclicality of Fiscal Policy

- Joao Jalles, Youssouf Kiendrebeogo, Waikei Lam and Roberto Piazza
- 2023/088: Do Fiscal Rules Foster Fiscal Discipline in Resource-Rich Countries?

- Ablam Estel Apeti, Olivier Basdevant and Veronique Salins
- 2023/087: Eye of the Storm: The Impact of Climate Shocks on Inflation and Growth

- Serhan Cevik and Joao Jalles
- 2023/086: State-Dependent Exchange Rate Pass-Through

- Yan Carrière-Swallow, Melih Firat, Davide Furceri and Daniel Jiménez
- 2023/085: Low for (Very) Long? A Long-Run Perspective on r* across Advanced Economies

- Josef Platzer, Francesco Grigoli and Robin Tietz
- 2023/084: Inflation and Monetary Policy in a Low-Income and Fragile State: The Case of Guinea

- Yan Carrière-Swallow, Nelnan Fidèle Koumtingué and Sebastian Weber
- 2023/083: Leveraging Anti-money Laundering Measures to Improve Tax Compliance and Help Mobilize Domestic Revenues

- Emmanuel Mathias and Adrian Wardzynski
- 2023/082: Unleashing India’s Growth Potential

- Shinya Kotera and TengTeng Xu
- 2023/081: Far More Than a Shot in the Arm: Vaccines and Consumer Spending

- Serhan Cevik
- 2023/080: How Large is the Sovereign Greenium?

- Sakai Ando, Chenxu Fu, Francisco Roch and Ursula Wiriadinata
- 2023/079: Are We Heading for Another Debt Crisis in Low-Income Countries? Debt Vulnerabilities: Today vs the pre-HIPC Era

- Chuku Chuku, Prateek Samal, Joyce Saito, Dalia Hakura, Marcos Chamon, Martin Cerisola, Guillaume Chabert and Jeromin Zettelmeyer
- 2023/078: Stacking up the Benefits: Lessons from India’s Digital Journey

- Cristian Alonso, Tanuj Bhojwani, Emine Hanedar, Dinar Prihardini, Gerardo Uña and Kateryna Zhabska
- 2023/077: Renminbi Usage in Cross-Border Payments: Regional Patterns and the Role of Swaps Lines and Offshore Clearing Banks

- Hector Perez-Saiz and Longmei Zhang
- 2023/076: European Housing Markets at a Turning Point – Risks, Household and Bank Vulnerabilities, and Policy Options

- Laura Valderrama, Patrik Gorse, Marina Marinkov and Petia Topalova
- 2023/075: Calibrating Macroprudential Policies in Europe Amid Rising Housing Market Vulnerability

- Laura Valderrama
- 2023/074: Policy Responses to High Energy and Food Prices

- David Amaglobeli, Mengfei Gu, Emine Hanedar, Gee Hee Hong and Celine Thevenot
- 2023/073: Fragmentation in Global Trade: Accounting for Commodities

- Marijn Bolhuis, Jiaqian Chen and Benjamin Kett
- 2023/072: Currency Usage for Cross Border Payments

- Hector Perez-Saiz, Longmei Zhang and Roshan Iyer
- 2023/071: A Deep Dive into Tax Buoyancy: Comparing Estimation Techniques in a Large Heterogeneous Panel

- Antoine Cornevin, Juan Corrales and Juan Pablo Angel
- 2023/070: Peering Through the Fog of Uncertainty: Out-of-Sample Forecasts of Post-Pandemic Tourism

- Serhan Cevik
- 2023/069: Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Inclusion

- Brandon Tan
- 2023/068: Macroeconomic Shocks and Conflict

- Patcharaporn Leepipatpiboon, Chiara Castrovillari and Tomohide Mineyama
- 2023/067: Capital Controls in Times of Crisis – Do They Work?

- Apoorv Bhargava, Romain Bouis, Annamaria Kokenyne, Manuel Perez-Archila, Umang Rawat and Ratna Sahay
- 2023/066: Public Debt and Household Inflation Expectations

- Francesco Grigoli and Damiano Sandri
- 2023/065: Determinants and Social Dividends of Digital Adoption

- Utkarsh Kumar, David Amaglobeli and Marian Moszoro
- 2023/064: Public-Private Wage Differentials and Interactions Across Countries and Time

- Chadi Abdallah, David Coady and La-Bhus Jirasavetakul
- 2023/063: Fiscal Consolidation: Taking Stock of Success Factors, Impact, and Design

- Vybhavi Balasundharam, Olivier Basdevant, Dalmacio Benicio, Andrew Ceber, Yujin Kim, Luca Mazzone, Hoda Selim and Yongzheng Yang
- 2023/062: Measurement and Use of Cash by Half the World’s Population

- Tanai Khiaonarong and David Humphrey
- 2023/061: Derivative Margin Calls: A New Driver of MMF Flows

- Maddalena Ghio, Linda Rousová, Dilyara Salakhova and German Villegas Bauer
- 2023/060: Monetary Policy Implications of Central Bank Digital Currencies: Perspectives on Jurisdictions with Conventional and Islamic Banking Systems

- Inutu Lukonga
- 2023/059: Debt Mutualization in the Euro Area: A Quantitative Exploration

- Sakai Ando, Giovanni Dell'ariccia, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Guido Lorenzoni, Adrian Peralta and Francisco Roch
- 2023/058: Sovereign ESG Bond Issuance: A Guidance Note for Sovereign Debt Managers

- Peter Lindner and Kay Chung
- 2023/057: Deconstructing ESG Scores: How to Invest with your own Criteria?

- Torsten Ehlers, Ulrike Elsenhuber, Kumar Jegarasasingam and Eric Jondeau
- 2023/056: Public versus Private Cost of Capital with State-Contingent Terminal Value

- Luciano Greco and Marian Moszoro
- 2023/055: The Heterogeneous Effects of U.S. Monetary Policy on Non-Bank Finance

- Andrew Hodge and Anke Weber
- 2023/054: Who Pays for Your Rewards? Redistribution of the Credit Card Market

- Sumit Agarwal, Andrea Presbitero, Andre Silva and Carlo Wix
- 2023/053: Sectoral Impact and Propagation of Weather Shocks

- Guglielmo Zappalà
- 2023/052: Heterogeneous Spending, Heterogeneous Multipliers

- Umberto Muratori, Pedro Juarros and Daniel Valderrama-Gonzalez
- 2023/051: Optimal Monetary and Macroprudential Policies under Fire-Sale Externalities

- Flora Lutz
- 2023/050: Do Capital Controls Limit Inflow Surges?

- Apoorv Bhargava, Romain Bouis, Annamaria Kokenyne, Manuel Perez-Archila, Umang Rawat and Ratna Sahay
- 2023/049: Inflation Dynamics in the Western Balkans

- Gohar Minasyan, Ezgi Ozturk, Magali Pinat, Mengxue Wang and Zeju Zhu
- 2023/048: Capital Account Liberalization and Wage Inequality: Evidence from Firm Level Data

- Kodjovi Eklou and Shakeba Foster
- 2023/047: 2022 Update of the External Balance Assessment Methodology

- Cian Allen, Camila Casas, Giovanni Ganelli, Luciana Juvenal, Daniel Leigh, Pau Rabanal, Cyril Rebillard, Jair Rodriguez and Joao Jalles
- 2023/046: Unbearable Costs: When Is Inflation Impeding Job Creation? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

- Ibrahima Camara, Rasmané Ouedraogo and Amadou Sy
- 2023/045: Identifying Optimal Indicators and Lag Terms for Nowcasting Models

- Jing Xie
- 2023/044: Weighted Median Inflation Around the World: A Measure of Core Inflation

- Laurence Ball, Carlos Carvalho, Christopher Evans and Luca Ricci
- 2023/043: Differential Effects of Macroprudential Policy

- Nina Biljanovska and Sophia Chen
- 2023/042: Assessing the Impact of Supply Disruptions on the Global Pandemic Recovery

- Johannes Kemp, Rafael Portillo and Marika Santoro
- 2023/041: Surrogate Data Models: Interpreting Large-scale Machine Learning Crisis Prediction Models

- Jorge Chan-Lau, Ruofei Hu, Maksym Ivanyna, Ritong Qu and Cheng Zhong
- 2023/040: AI and Macroeconomic Modeling: Deep Reinforcement Learning in an RBC model

- Tohid Atashbar and Rui Aruhan Shi
- 2023/039: Global Supply Chain Disruptions: Challenges for Inflation and Monetary Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa

- Zo Andriantomanga, Marijn Bolhuis and Shushanik Hakobyan
- 2023/038: Guaranteeing Trade in a Severe Crisis: Cash Collateral over Bank Guarantees

- Antonis Kotidis, Margaux MacDonald and Dimitrios Malliaropulos
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