IMF Working Papers

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International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA.
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2004/038: The Political Economy of Conditional and Unconditional Foreign Assistance: Grants vs. Loan Rollovers

Wolfgang Mayer and Alex Mourmouras

2004/037: Competitiveness in Bulgaria: An Assessment of the Real Effective Exchange Rate

Piritta Sorsa and Dimitar Chobanov

2004/036: China: International Trade and WTO Accession

Nicolas Blancher and Thomas Rumbaugh

2004/035: Liberalized Markets Have More Stable Exchange Rates: Short-Run Evidence From Four Transition Countries

Ales Bulir

2004/034: The Determinants of International Portfolio Holdings and Home Bias

Shujing Li, Hamid Faruqee and Isabel Yan

2004/033: An Option-Based Approach to Bank Vulnerabilities in Emerging Markets

Arnaud Jobert, Janet Kong and Jorge Chan-Lau

2004/032: The Decentralization Dilemma in India

Catriona Purfield

2004/031: Imperfect Capital Mobility in an Open Economy Model of Capital Accumulation

Vladimir Klyuev

2004/030: Fiscal Sustainability in Heavily Indebted Countries Dependenton Nonrenewable Resources: The Case of Gabon

Joseph Ntamatungiro

2004/029: Inflation Dynamics in the Dominican Republic

Oral Williams and Olumuyiwa Adedeji

2004/028: Trade Liberalization and Firm Productivity: The Case of India

Petia Topalova

2004/027: Equity Prices, Credit Default Swaps, and Bond Spreads in Emerging Markets

Jorge Chan-Lau and Yoon Sook Kim

2004/026: How Much Do Trading Partners Matter for Economic Growth?

Vivek Arora and Athanasios Vamvakidis

2004/025: Rational Speculation, Financial Crises, and Optimal Policy Responses

Jay Surti

2004/024: Monetary Magic? How the Fed Improved the Flexibility of the U.S. Economy

Tamim Bayoumi and Silvia Sgherri

2004/023: Trade Patterns Among Industrial Countries: Their Relationship to Technology Differences and Capital Mobility

Mika Saito

2004/022: Armington Elasticities in Intermediate Inputs Trade: A Problem in Using Multilateral Trade Data

Mika Saito

2004/021: Inflation Targeting and Exchange Rate Rules in an Open Economy

Eric Parrado

2004/020: Does Spousal Labor Smooth Fluctuations in Husbands’ Earnings? The Role of Liquidity Constraints

Mercedes Garcia-Escribano

2004/019: Six Puzzles in Electronic Money and Banking

Saleh Nsouli and Connel Fullenkamp

2004/018: China: Sources of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations

Tao Wang

2004/017: Interest Rate Volatility and Risk in Indian Banking

International Monetary Fund

2004/016: Foreign Exchange Market Volatility in Eu Accession Countries in the Run-Up to Euro Adoption: Weathering Uncharted Waters

Istvan P Szekely and Ádám Kóbor

2004/015: What Are the Channels Through Which External Debt Affects Growth?

Hélène Poirson, Luca Ricci and Catherine Pattillo

2004/014: Exchange Rate Pass-Through in the Euro Area: The Role of Asymmetric Pricing Behavior

Hamid Faruqee

2004/013: How Private Creditors Fared in Emerging Debt Markets, 1970-2000

Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Beatrice Weder and Christoph Klingen

2004/012: The Late 1990's Financial Crisis in Ecuador: Institutional Weaknesses, Fiscal Rigidities, and Financial Dollarization At Work

Luis Jácome

2004/011: Banking Competition, Risk, and Regulation

Alexander Tieman and Wilko Bolt

2004/010: Singapore's Unique Monetary Policy: How Does it Work?

Eric Parrado

2004/009: Timing of International Bailouts

Se-Jik Kim

2004/008: Fiscal Surveillance in a Petro Zone: The Case of the CEMAC

Johannes Wiegand

2004/007: Fiscal Sustainability: The Case of Eritrea

Ayumu Yamauchi

2004/006: A Puzzle of Microstructure Market Maker Models

Rafael Romeu

2004/005: International Dividend Repatriations

Alexander Lehmann and Ashoka Mody

2004/004: Foreign Exchange Market Organization in Selected Developing and Transition Economies: Evidence from a Survey

Jorge Canales Kriljenko

2004/003: Do Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Controls Vary by their Type? Evidence From Malaysia

Natalia Tamirisa

2004/002: Exchange Rates in Central Europe: A Blessing or a Curse?

Louis Kuijs and Alain Borghijs

2004/001: The Gains From International Monetary Cooperation Revisited

Ivan Tchakarov

2003/252: Sources of Nominal Exchange Rate Fluctuations in South Africa

Jan Gottschalk and Ashok Bhundia

2003/251: Characterizing Global Investors' Risk Appetite for Emerging Market Debt During Financial Crises

Brenda Gonzalez-Hermosillo, Vance Martin, Mardi Dungey and Renee Fry-McKibbin

2003/250: Determinants of Deflation in Hong Kong SAR

Papa N'Diaye

2003/249: External Debt, Public Investment, and Growth in Low-Income Countries

Toan Nguyen, Benedict Clements and Rina Bhattacharya

2003/248: Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence From the United States

Stephen Yeaple and Wolfgang Keller

2003/247: Budget System Reform in Transitional Economies: The Case of the Former Yugoslav Republics

Jack Diamond and Duncan Last

2003/246: Volatility and Comovement in a Globalized World Economy: An Empirical Exploration

Ayhan Kose, Marco Terrones and Eswar Prasad

2003/245: China'S Integration Into the World Economy: Implications for Developing Countries

Yongzheng Yang

2003/244: The Effects of Fiscal Policieson the Economic Development of Women in the Middle East and North Africa

Nicole Laframboise and Tea Trumbic

2003/243: Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes

Aasim Husain, Ashoka Mody, Nienke Oomes, Robin Brooks and Kenneth Rogoff

2003/242: Are Credit Default Swaps Spreads High in Emerging Markets: An Alternative Methodology for Proxying Recovery Value

Manmohan Singh

2003/241: IMF and the Baltics: A Decade of Cooperation

Adalbert Knöbl and Richard Haas

2003/240: Patterns of Shocks and Regional Monetary Cooperation in South Asia

Nephil Maskay

2003/239: Trade Liberalization Strategies: What Could South Eastern Europe Learn From Cefta and Bfta?

Antonis Adam, James McHugh and Theodora Kosma

2003/238: U.S. Investors' Emerging Market Equity Portfolios: A Security-Level Analysis

Francis Warnock and Hali Edison

2003/237: Growth, Governance, and Fiscal Policy Transmission Channels in Low-Income Countries

Naoko Kojo, Arye Hillman and Emanuele Baldacci

2003/236: Cross-Border Listings, Capital Controls, and U.S. Equity Flows to Emerging Markets

Hali Edison and Francis Warnock

2003/235: From the Front Lines At Seoul Bank: Restructuring and Reprivatization

Chungwon Kang

2003/234: Do Active Labor Market Policies Increase Employment?

Marcello Estevão

2003/233: Financial Globalization, Portfolio Diversification, and the Pattern of International Trade

Miklós Koren

2003/232: Social Impact of a Tax Reform: The Case of Ethiopia

Sònia Muñoz and Sang-Wook Cho

2003/231: Do IMF-Supported Programs Boost Private Capital Inflows? the Role of Program Size and Policy Adjustment

Roberto Benelli

2003/230: Output Response to Currency Crises

Ratna Sahay, Deepak Mishra and Poonam Gupta

2003/229: Free Trade Areas and Rules of Origin: Economics and Politics

Arvind Panagariya and Rupa Duttagupta

2003/228: Why Does Fdi Go Where it Goes? New Evidence From the Transition Economies

Yuko Kinoshita and Nauro Campos

2003/227: How Useful Are Benefit Incidence Analyses of Public Education and Health Spending

Erwin Tiongson, Hamid Davoodi and Sawitree Asawanuchit

2003/226: Dynamic Depositor Discipline in U.S. Banks

Kathleen McDill and Andrea Maechler

2003/225: Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policy with Nominal and Indexed Debt

Thomas Cosimano and Michael Gapen

2003/224: What Sustains Fiscal Consolidations in Emerging Market Countries?

Benedict Clements, Sanjeev Gupta, Erwin Tiongson and Emanuele Baldacci

2003/223: Are Pegged and Intermediate Regimes More Crisis Prone?

Andrea Bubula and Inci Ötker-Robe

2003/222: Company Pension Plans, Stock Market Returns, and Labor Demand

Enrica Detragiache

2003/221: Predicting Sovereign Debt Crises

Axel Schimmelpfennig, Nouriel Roubini and Paolo Manasse

2003/220: Fiscal Rules and Countercyclical Policy: Frank Ramsey Meets Gramm-Rudman-Hollings

Evan Tanner

2003/219: The Role of Supervisory tools in Addressing Bank Borrowers' Currency Mismatches

Armando Méndez Morales and Maria del Mar Cacha

2003/218: Greater Monetary Policy Transparency for the G3: Lessons From Full-Fledged Inflation Targeters

Mark Stone

2003/217: Growth and Recovery in Mongolia During Transition

Kevin Cheng

2003/216: Social Incidence of the General Sales Tax in Pakistan

Saadia Refaqat

2003/215: Understanding the Costs of Deflation in the Japanese Context

Taimur Baig

2003/214: Dynamics of Corporate Performance in Thailand

Piyabha Kongsamut and V. Haksar

2003/213: Early Birds, Late Risers, and Sleeping Beauties: Bank Credit Growth to the Private Sector in Central and Eastern Europe and in the Balkans

Ivanna Hollar, Giovanni Dell'ariccia and Carlo Cottarelli

2003/212: Modeling Inflation in Georgia

Wojciech Maliszewski

2003/211: Mauritius: Unemployment and the Role of Institutions

James Yao and Calvin McDonald

2003/210: China's Labor Market Performance and Challenges

Tao Ran and R. Brooks

2003/209: Priorities for Further Fiscal Reforms in the Commonwealth of Independent States

Henri Lorie

2003/208: The Term Structure of Interest Rates and Monetary Policy During a Zero-Interest-Rate Period

Jun Nagayasu

2003/207: Of Openess and Distance: Trade Developments in the Commonwealth of Independent States, 1993-2002

Katrin Elborgh-Woytek

2003/206: The United States and the New Regionalism/ Bilateralism

Yongzheng Yang and Alvin Hilaire

2003/205: Financial Development in the CIS-7 Countries: Bridging the Great Divide

Gianni De Nicolo, Sami Geadah and Dmitriy Rozhkov

2003/204: Real and Distributive Effects of Petroleum Price Liberalization: The Case of Indonesia

Benedict Clements, Sanjeev Gupta and Hong-Sang Jung

2003/203: Macro Effects of Corporate Restructuring in Japan

Se-Jik Kim

2003/202: Pricing Debit Card Payment Services: An IO Approach

Alexander Tieman and Wilko Bolt

2003/201: Puttable and Extendible Bonds: Developing Interest Rate Derivatives for Emerging Markets

Salih Neftci and Andre Santos

2003/200: The Effects of Exchange Rate Fluctuationson Output and Prices: Evidence From Developing Countries

Magda Kandil and Ida Mirzaie

2003/199: Promoting Fiscal Transparency the Complementary Roles of the Imf, Financial Markets and Civil Society

Murray Petrie

2003/198: Prudential Issues in Less Diversified Economies

Aditya Narain, Pau Rabanal and Steen Byskov

2003/197: Dealing with Increased Risk of Natural Disasters: Challenges and Options

Michael Keen, Paul Freeman and Muthukumara Mani

2003/196: Crisis Resolution: Next Steps

Kenneth Kletzer, Barry Eichengreen and Ashoka Mody

2003/195: Poverty and Social Impact Analysis: A Suggested Framework

Shahabuddin Hossain

2003/194: The U.S. Dollar and the Trade Deficit: What Accounts for the Late 1990's?

Benjamin Hunt and Alessandro Rebucci

2003/193: Financial Deepening, Inequality, and Growth: A Model-Based Quantitative Evaluation

Robert Townsend and Kenichi Ueda

2003/192: Reputation, Debt, and Policy Conditionality

Rodney Ramcharan

2003/191: Who's in Charge? Ownership and Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs

James Boughton