IMF Working Papers

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1993/050: Optimal Tariffs: Theory and Practice

Ali Ibrahim, Arvind Subramanian and Luis Torres-Castro

1993/049: Introduction of a New National Currency: Policy, Institutional, and Technical Issues

Hernán Cortés Douglas and Richard Abrams

1993/048: Deer Hunting: Misalignment, Debt Accumulation, and Desired Equilibrium Exchange Rates

Mark Taylor and Michael Artis

1993/047: Price Reform and Durable Goods in the Transition to a Market Economy

Pierre-Richard Agénor

1993/046: Viet Nam: Reform and Stabilization, 1986-1992

Erich Spitäller and Gabrielle Lipworth

1993/045: The Behavior of Nontradable Goods Prices in Europe: Evidence and Interpretation

Jose De Gregorio, Thomas Krueger and Alberto Giovannini

1993/044: The Relation Between Skill Levels and the Cyclical Variability of Employment, Hours, and Wages

Michael Keane and Eswar Prasad

1993/043: On Improving Public Expenditure Policies for the Poor: Major Informational Requirements

Nigel Chalk and Ehtisham Ahmad

1993/042: Poland: The Social Safety Net During the Transition

Xavier Maret and Gerd Schwartz

1993/041: Exports and Economic Development

Delano Villanueva

1993/040: Toward An Economic Theory of Multilateral Development Banking

Gerd Schwartz

1993/039: Economic Reform in Arab Countries: A Review of Structural Issues for the Remainder of the 1990's

Mohamed El-Erian and Shamsuddin Tareq

1993/038: Real Exchange Rate Targeting Under Imperfect Asset Substitutability

José Saúl Lizondo

1993/037: Private Saving, Public Saving, and the Inflation Tax: Another Look At An Old Issue

A. Javier Hamann

1993/036: Experience with Floating Interbank Exchange Rate Systems in Five Developing Economies

Vicente Galbis

1993/035: Reserve Requirements and Monetary Management: An Introduction

International Monetary Fund

1993/034: Do Capital Flows Reflect Economic Fundamentals in Developing Countries?

Atish Ghosh and Jonathan Ostry

1993/033: Net Foreign Assets and International Adjustment: The United States, Japan, and Germany

Jocelyn Horne, Paul Masson and Jeroen Kremers

1993/032: Labor Market Issues in Belgium: An International Perspective

Reza Moghadam

1993/031: Savings, Growth and Capital Markets Imperfections: The Case of Borrowing Constraints

Jose De Gregorio

1993/030: Determinants of Private Investment in Pakistan

Khaled Sakr

1993/029: Stabilization Dynamics and Backward-Looking Contracts

Carlos Végh Gramont and Guillermo Calvo

1993/028: Evaluating the EMS and EMU Using Stochastic Simulations: Some Issues

Paul Masson and Steven Symansky

1993/027: Public Expenditure Policy and the Environment: A Review and Synthesis

Kenneth M. Miranda, Ian Parry and Sanjeev Gupta

1993/026: Intertemporal Substitution in Consumption Revisited

Zuliu Hu

1993/025: Centralized Bargaining, Efficiency Wages, and Flexibility

Ramana Ramaswamy and Bob Rowthorn

1993/024: The Demand for M1 in the United States: A Commenton Baba, Hendry, and Starr

James Boughton

1993/023: Conducting Monetary and Credit Policy in Countries of the Former Soviet Union: Some Issues and Options

Hugh Bredenkamp

1993/022: Fiscal Policy and the Economic Restructuring of Economies in Transition

Vito Tanzi

1993/021: A Primeron Tax Evasion

Vito Tanzi and Parthasarathi Shome

1993/020: Monetary and Exchange Rate Arrangements for Nafta

Barry Eichengreen and Tamim Bayoumi

1993/019: The Yield Curve and Real Activity

Zuliu Hu

1993/018: Military Expenditures 1972-1990: The Reasons Behind the Post-1985 Fall in World Military Spending

Daniel Hewitt

1993/017: Economic Consequences of Lower Military Spending: Some Simulation Results

Jerald Schiff, Tamim Bayoumi and Daniel Hewitt

1993/016: Economic Restructuring, Unemployment, and Growth in a Transition Economy

Kornelia Krajnyak, Bankim Chadha and Fabrizio Coricelli

1993/015: Asset Pricing in the International Economy

José Barrionuevo

1993/014: A Comparative Analysis of the Structure of Tax Systems in Industrial Countries

Assaf Razin, Enrique Mendoza and Linda Tesa

1993/013: Exchange-Rate Unification with Black Market Leakages: Russia 1992

Linda Goldberg

1993/012: Auctions: Theory and Possible Applications to Economies in Transition

Rajnish Mehra and Robert Feldman

1993/011: Capital and Trade As Engines of Growth in France: An Application of Johansen's Cointegration Methodology

David Coe and Reza Moghadam

1993/010: Portfolio Performance of the SDR and Reserve Currencies: Tests Using the ArCH Methodology

Tugrul Temel and Michael Papaioannou

1993/009: Poverty, Demographic Characteristics, and Public Policy in Cis Countries

Ehtisham Ahmad

1993/008: Alternative Social Security Systems in CIS Countries

Ehtisham Ahmad and Jean-Luc Schneider

1993/007: High Real Interest Rates Under Financial Liberalization: Is there a Problem?

Vicente Galbis

1993/006: Resource Allocation During the Transition to a Market Economy: Policy Implications of Supply Bottlenecks and Adjustment Costs

Peter Isard and Joshua Aizenman

1993/005: Taxes and the Price Level: A Further Examination of the PPP Hypothesis

Ephraim Kleiman

1993/004: Working Paper Summaries (WP/92/49 - WP/92/112)

International Monetary Fund

1993/003: Stabilization Programs and External Enforcement: Experience From the 1920's

Julio Santaella

1993/002: Cash-Flow Tax

Christian Schutte and Parthasarathi Shome

1993/001: French-German Interest Rate Differentials and Time-Varying Realignment Risk

Francesco Caramazza

1992/112: U.S. State and Local Government Finances Over the Current Cycle

Tamim Bayoumi

1992/111: Robustness of Macroeconomic Indicators of Capital Mobility

Enrique Mendoza

1992/110: Macroeconomic Models for the PC+L862

Willem Bier

1992/109: The Volatility of Consumption in a Simple General Equilibrium Model

Gunnar Tersman

1992/108: Tax Policy and Trade Liberalization: An Application to Mexico

Andrew Feltenstein

1992/107: Fund Transactions and Reserve Creation

Samir Fawzi

1992/106: Testing the Neoclassical Theory of Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach

Malcolm Knight, Delano Villanueva and Norman Loayza

1992/105: Risk-Taking and Optimal Taxation with Nontradable Human Capital

Zuliu Hu

1992/104: International Environmental Taxation in the Absence of Sovereignty

Bernard Herber

1992/103: Money and Banking Statistics in Former Soviet Union (FSU) Economies

K. Nahr, Robert DiCalogero and Richard Stillson

1992/102: Inflation and Fiscal Deficits: The Irrelevance of Debt and Money Financing

José Barrionuevo

1992/101: Financial Development and Economic Growth

Pablo Guidotti and Jose De Gregorio

1992/100: Optimal and Sustainable Exchange Rate Regimes: A Simple Game-Theoretic Approach

Masahiro Kawai

1992/099: Money and Credit Under Currency Substitution

Carlos Rodríguez

1992/098: The Terms of Trade and Economic Fluctuations

Enrique Mendoza

1992/097: Fiscal Policy in Pakistan Since 1970

International Monetary Fund

1992/096: Asymmetry in the ERM: A Case Study of French and German Interest Rates Since Basle-Nyborg

W. Perraudin and E. Gardner

1992/095: Managing Payment System Risk During the Transition From a Centrally Planned to a Market Economy

Andrew Hook

1992/094: The European Community's Trade and Trade-Related Industrial Policies

Miranda Xafa, Joslin Landell-Mills and Roger Kronenberg

1992/093: Linkages Between External Debt Data and Balance of Payments, Government Finance and Monetary Statistics

Jan Bové

1992/092: Price Liberalization in Russia: The Early Record

Vincent Koen and Steven Phillips

1992/091: The Savings Trap and Economic Take-Off

Atish Ghosh and Carlos Asilis

1992/090: International Trade, Distortions and Long-Run Economic Growth

Jong-Wha Lee

1992/089: China: An Evolving Market Economy: A Review of Reform Experience

Kalpana Kochhar and Michael Bell

1992/088: Are Prices Countercyclical?

Eswar Prasad and Bankim Chadha

1992/087: Implementation of Monetary Policy in Ems Countries Participating in the Exchange Rate Mechanism

Michel Galy

1992/086: Structural and Macroeconomic Determinants of the Output Decline in Poland: 1990-91

Jonathan Ostry and Eduardo Borensztein

1992/085: Capital Inflows to Latin America: The 1970's and the 1990's

Carmen Reinhart, Guillermo Calvo and Leonardo Leiderman

1992/084: Coordinating Public Debt and Monetary Management During Financial Reforms

Sérgio Leite

1992/083: Credibility Effects of Price Controls in Disinflation Programs

Pierre-Richard Agénor

1992/082: Issues in Managing and Sequencing Financial Sector Reforms Lessons From Experiences in Five Developing Countries

International Monetary Fund

1992/081: Currency Substitution and Cross-Border Monetary Aggregation: Evidence From the G-7

Timothy Lane and Stephen Poloz

1992/080: Automating the Price Discovery Process: Some International Comparisons and Regulatory Implications

Ian Domowitz

1992/079: Private Sector Development in State-Dominated Economies

Aasim Husain

1992/078: Spain: Landmarks in Economic Development, 1939-92

Erich Spitäller and Michel Galy

1992/077: Treatment of Intercompany Transfer Pricing for Tax Purposes: A Survey of Legislative and Administrative Issues

Yuichi Ikeda

1992/076: A Taxonomy of Automated Trade Execution Systems

Ian Domowitz

1992/075: External Shocks and Inflation in Developing Countries Under a Real Exchange Rate Rule

Jonathan Ostry and Peter Montiel

1992/074: Wage Claims, Incomes Policy, and the Path of Output and Inflation in a Formerly Centrally Planned Economy

Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti

1992/073: Losing Credibility: The Stabilization Blues

Pablo Guidotti and Carlos Végh Gramont

1992/072: Macroeconomic Uncertainty, Precautionary Savings and the Current Account

Jonathan Ostry and Atish Ghosh

1992/071: The Implications of Cross-Border Monetary Aggregation

Timothy Lane and Jeroen Kremers

1992/070: Tax Farming: A Radical Solution for Developing Country Tax Problems?

Peter Stella

1992/069: A Simple Monetary Model of a Shortage Economy

Shoukang Lin

1992/068: Interest Rate Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: The Influence of Monetary Overhangs and Weak Enterprise Discipline

Susan Schadler and Adam Bennett

1992/067: Wage and Public Debt Indexation

Pablo Guidotti

1992/066: The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire: Lessons for Currency Reform

Michael Spencer and Peter Garber

1992/065: Currency Substitution: The Recent Experience of Bolivia

Benedict Clements and Gerd Schwartz

1992/064: Output Collapse in Eastern Europe: The Role of Credit

Guillermo Calvo and Fabrizio Coricelli

1992/063: Discretionary Monetary Policy Versus Rules: The Japanese Experience During 1986-91

Guy Meredith